Circulatory System
interventricular spectum
(between left and right ventricles)
the following is a list of the steps involved in the process of homeostasis and clot removal: 1. coagulation phase 2. fibrinolysis 3. vascular phase 4. retraction 5. platelet phase The correct sequence of these steps is:
3, 5, 1, 4, 2
why do veins have relatively thin walls?
A typical vein does not need to withstand much pressure
what is released in response to a decrease in blood volume?
ADH
the cardiac pacemaker cells are located in which of the following?
SA node
abnormal patterns of cardiac activity are known as
arrhythmias
the property of heart muscle in which it contracts in the absence of neural or hormonal stimulation is called
autorhythmicity
the function of hemoglobin is to
bind and transport oxygen dioxide
Regarding the typical structure of blood vessel walls, those that have only a tunica intima are the
capillaries
malfunctioning chordae tendineae would
cause regurgitation into the atria
platelets are
cellular fragments
the function of an atrium is to
collect blood returning to the heart
a disorder resulting from the buildup of fatty deposits in the coronary arteries is called
coronary artery disease
the great and middle cardiac veins drain blood directly into the
coronary sinus
relaxation of the heart chambers is called
diastole
during their formation, RBCs
eject their nucleus
thick-walled vessels, which are large and extremely resilient are called _________ arteries
elastic
As exercise begins, ________ occur(s) as the rate of oxygen consumption in skeletal muscles increases.
extensive vasodilation
in a fetus, blood from the right atrium can flow freely to the left atrium through the ____________, thus bypassing the pulmonary circuit
foramen ovale
the primary function of white blood cells is to
help defend the body against pathogens
as blood flows through peripheral tissues, what occurs regarding the hemoglobin molecules of RBCs?
hemoglobin binds carbon dioxide and releases its bound oxygen
which of the following will cause a decrease in blood pressure?
increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide)
Bradychardia
is a condition in which the heart rate is slower than normal
anemia
is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of RBCs is reduced
in general, for a given size, a typical artery __________ compared to a typical vein
is more elastic
what is the advantage of the smaller diameter of capillaries?
it slows blood flow, allowing sufficient time for capillary exchange
the average pressure in the right ventricle is _______ the pressure in the left ventricle.
much lower than
which of following correctly represents the layers associated with the heart from superficial to deep?
parietal pericardium, visceral pericardium, myocardium, endocardium
The heart is surrounded by the
pericardial cavity
a decrease in peripheral vein diameter is called what?
peripheral resistance
capillaries
permit the exchange of nutrients, dissolved gases, and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues
a person's blood type is determined by the
presence or absence of specific surface antigens on the plasma membrane
in adults, the stem cells responsible for the production of red and white blood cells originate primarily in the
red bone marrow
the process of blood clotting is an example of which function of blood?
restricting fluid losses at injury sites
flow of blood through the body
right atrium --(tricuspid valve)--> right ventricle --(pulmonary valve)--> pulmonary trunk --(pulmonary arteries)--> lungs --(pulmonary veins)--> left atrium --(bicuspid valve)--> left ventricle --(aortic valve)--> aorta ----> body ----> vena cava
what circuit carries blood to and from all parts of the body except the lungs?
systemic
consider a blood pressure reading 120/80. 120 corresponds to the
systolic pressure
a faster than normal heart rate is called
tachycardia
the term "blood pressure" refers to the pressure in ________ of the cardiovascular system
the arterial vessels
in a process called autoregulation, __________ in response to a decline in dissolved oxygen levels within a tissue
the precapillary sphincters relax
during ventricular systole,
the ventricles are contracting
which age-related change is defined as the formation of a stationary blood clot?
thrombus
the muscular layer of blood vessels is the
tunica media
as blood travels from the aorta toward the capillaries,
vascular resistance decreases
fresh whole blood is usually collected through a procedure called
venipuncture
the amount of venous blood conveyed to the heart is referred to as the
venous return
the semilunar valves prevent backflow into the
ventricles
blood flowing out of a capillary bed first enters structures called
venules