CIS 222-Linux
Which filename extension indicates a tarball?
.tar.xz
What is the name of the directory that contains symbolic links to UNIX SysV rc scripts for runlevel 2?
/etc/rc2.d
Which file stores the IP addresses of the DNS servers used to resolve host names if no DNS servers are specified within the network configuration file for the network interface?
/etc/resolv.conf
You have modified the /etc/aliases file to include a new email alias. However, when you send email to the alias, it cannot be delivered. What should you do?
Run the newaliases command.
A directory is a type of file. True or False?
True
Which two implementations of X Windows are commonly used in Linux? (Choose two answers.)
X.org Wayland
Because stderr and stdout represent the results of a command and stdin represents the input required for a command, only stderr and stdout can be redirected to/from a file. True or False?
False
Character devices typically transfer data more quickly than block devices. True or False?
False
DM-MPIO can be configured to provide multiple, redundant connections to data stored on a SAN. True or False?
False
What will the following wildcard regular expression return: file[a-c]?
filea, fileb, filec
Which command can you use to lock a user account?
usermod -L username
Which command displays the users who are currently logged in to the Linux system?
who
Files that have been compressed using the xz utility typically have the ______ extension.
xz
Which of the following commands can be used to search for packages that contain the word oobla on RPM software repositories?
yum search oobla
Which of the following operators reverses the meaning of a test statement?
!
Nice values are used to affect process priorities using a range between _____________.
-20 and 19
Which option to the dpkg command can be used to list the files that comprise a package?
-L
When compiling source code into a binary program, which command performs a system check and creates the Makefile?
/configure
Which directory stores most UNIX SysV rc scripts?
/etc/init.d
Which file contains default information such as UID and GID ranges and minimum password length to be used at user creation?
/etc/login.defs
Which file holds the methods to be used and the order in which they will be applied for host name resolution?
/etc/nsswitch.conf
Which file contains information regarding the users, computers, and commands used by the sudo command?
/etc/sudoers
Which file would you modify to permanently change the IP address of a network interface on a Fedora 28 system?
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp8s0
Which of the following is an absolute pathname? (Choose all that apply.)
/home/resume
What directory are you placed in when you log in as the anonymous user to an Ubuntu Server 18 FTP server?
/srv/ftp
Most log files on the system are found in which directory?
/var/log
You want to view log files to get information about a problem that occurred during a Linux installation. In which directory will you likely find the log files?
/var/log
Where are individual user tasks scheduled to run with the cron daemon stored on a Fedora system?
/var/spool/cron/username
Which dump level indicates a full backup?
0
Which runlevel halts the system?
0
You have created a full backup and four incremental backups. In which order must you restore these backups?
0, 1, 2, 3, 4
Linux servers are typically installed in a rack using rackmount server hardware. Which of the following describes the minimum height of a rackmount server?
1U
Which of the following port numbers is associated with SSH?
22
What kill level signal cannot be trapped?
9
What Systemd target corresponds to runlevel 5?
graphical.target
Which of the following utilities can be used to check TCP/IP configuration and test network connectivity? (Choose all that apply.)
ifconfig iwconfig ping nmcli
Where is the /proc filesystem stored?
in RAM
Which term is used to describe the process of pushing new versions of a Web app to a cloud provider for testing?
CD
Which DNS resource record is an alias to other records?
CNAME
What are two means available to resolve a host name to the appropriate IP address? (Choose two answers.)
DNS /etc/hosts
Which of the following steps is not a common troubleshooting procedure?
Delegate responsibility.
What component of a Linux server is used to connect to a Fibre Channel SAN?
FC HBA
What was created to define a standard directory structure and common file location for Linux?
FHS
BTRFS filesystems do not need to be checked for errors as they are resilient to data corruption. True or False?
False
Network latency issues are often caused by SELinux or AppArmor restrictions. True or False?
False
Stratum 1 NTP servers do not obtain time information from other NTP servers. True or False?
False
The Debian Package Manager (DPM) is the default package manager used by Fedora 28. True or False?
False
The bzip2 and gzip utilities use similar compression algorithms. True or False?
False
There is no real difference between the "S" and "s" special permissions when displayed using the ls -l command. One just means it is on a file, and the other that it is on a directory. True or False?
False
To kill a process running in the background, you must place a % character before its process ID. True or False?
False
UIDs and GIDs are unique to the system and, once used, can never be reused. True or False?
False
Users enter commands directly to the kernel of the Linux operating system. True or False?
False
ZFS volumes are mounted at boot time from entries within /etc/fstab by default. True or False?
False
Which common GUI environments are available in most Linux distributions? (Choose all that apply.)
GNOME KDE
To which license does Linux adhere?
GNU General Public License
Which assistive technology will make a desktop environment more accessible to a person with low vision?
High Contrast
What type of iptables chain targets traffic that is destined for the local computer?
INPUT
What does the mv command do? (Choose all that apply.)
It moves a directory. and It moves a file.
What must a user do to run cp or mv interactively and be asked whether to overwrite an existing file?
Just type cp or mv as they run in interactive mode by default.
Which of the following Linux distributions is likely to be used by a CyberSecurity worker?
Kali
Which of the following technologies can encrypt files stored on a filesystem within a Linux system? (Choose all that apply.)
LUKS GPG
Linux was developed by __________ to resemble the _________ operating system.
Linus Torvalds, MINIX
When viewing the output of the lsmod command, you notice several modules that start with vmw. What does this indicate?
Linux is running as a guest operating system.
How can you protect a metacharacter (such as the $ character) from shell interpretation?
Precede it with a \.
How can you specify a text pattern that must be at the beginning of a line of text using a regular expression?
Precede the string with a ^.
How can a user switch from insert mode to command mode when using the vi editor?
Press the Esc key.
Which Windows program is often used to connect to a Linux server via SSH?
Putty
Which of the following RAID levels is not fault tolerant?
RAID 0
The root user utilizes the chgrp command to give ownership of a file to another user. What must the root user do to regain ownership of the file?
Run chgrp again listing the root user as the new owner.
Which of the following is not an example of virtualization software that can be used to install Linux within another operating system?
Spiceworks
What will the command sar -W 3 50 do?
Take 50 swap statistics every 3 seconds.
Which of the following are characteristics of Open Source Software? (Choose all that apply.)
The software is developed collaboratively. Any bugs are fixed quickly
When you run the ps command, how are daemon processes recognized?
There is a question mark in the TTY column.
A for construct is a loop construct that processes a specified list of objects. As a result, it is executed as long as there are remaining objects to process. True or False?
True
As daemon processes are not associated with terminals, you must use an option such as -e alongside the ps command to view them. True or False?
True
Both aliases and functions can be used to store commands that can be executed, but functions can also accept positional parameters. True or False?
True
Chronyd is an NTP daemon that offers a faster response time compared to the ntpd daemon. True or False?
True
DHCP clients send a DHCPREQUEST packet when they require a new IP configuration. True or False?
True
The -9 option to the gzip utility results in a higher compression ratio. True or False?
True
The line that configures the host name for the computer at boot time can be found in /etc/hostname. True or False?
True
The lines within the Apache configuration file that modify the functionality of the Apache are called directives. True or False?
True
The operating system software is necessary for a computer to function. True or False?
True
The sed and awk commands are filter commands commonly used to format data within a pipe. True or False?
True
To set udev rules on a Linux system, you must add the appropriate line to a file within the /etc/udev/rules.d directory. True or False?
True
You can lock a user account by changing the default login shell to an invalid shell in /etc/passwd. True or False?
True
Which of the following statements is true?
UTF-8 is commonly used to provide Unicode character set support.
A user mounts a device to a mount point directory and realizes afterward she needs files previously found within the mount point directory. What should this user do?
Unmount the device from the directory.
What must you do to successfully run the fsck command on a filesystem?
Unmount the filesystem.
What would be the effect of using the alias command to make an alias for the date command named cat in honor of your favorite pet?
When you use the cat command at the command prompt with the intention of viewing a text file, the date appears instead.
How can you bypass the wait function and send a user process to the background?
You can use the Ctrl+z key combination and the bg command.
Which option can be added to the ls or ps command to view the SELinux label?
Z
Which command can be used to temporarily alter the primary group associated with a given user?
newgrp
Which of the following commands can be used to scan the available ports on computers within your organization?
nmap
To test DNS configuration by resolving a host name to an IP address, which command or commands can you use? (Choose all that apply.)
nslookup hostname dig hostname host hostname
Every process has a process ID and a_______.
parent process ID
Which command would you use to unlock a user account?
passwd -u username
The daemons associated with network services listen for network traffic associated with a particular _____.
port
The process of sending print jobs from the print queue to the printer is called _____.
printing
Which command entered without arguments is used to display a list of processes running in the current shell?
ps
Which two commands can be used to modify the route table on a Linux computer? (Choose two answers.)
route ip
Which of the following commands can be used to list the files contained within an installed RPM package?
rpm -ql packagename
The default permissions given by the system prior to analyzing the umask are ___________for directories and __________ for files.
rwxrwxrwx and rw-rw-rw-
Which of the following files is likely to be found in the /var/log/sa directory on a Fedora system over time?
sa19
Which of the following can be used on Linux to provide file and print services?
samba
The at command is used to _______________.
schedule processes to run at a single instance in the future
Which of the following refers to the third primary partition on the second SAS hard disk within Linux?
sdb3
Which of the following is not a type of RAID?
serial RAID
Which command could you use to see a list of all environment and user-defined shell variables as well as their current values?
set
What kernel option can be specified within a boot loader to force the system to boot to Single User Mode?
single
Which command can be used to connect to a remote Windows share called data on the server called fileserver?
smbclient //fileserver/data
Every computer consists of physical components and non-physical components. The non-physical components of a computer that understand how to work with the physical components are referred to as:
software
Which type of RAID can be entirely configured during the Linux installation process?
software RAID
Which of the following UFW commands can be used to view configured firewall rules?
ufw status
Which command can increase the number of filehandles that programs can open in a shell?
ulimit
Which command is used to delete a user account?
userdel username
What command can be used to create a ZFS volume called test from the space on /dev/sdb and /dev/sdc that functions like RAID level 1?
zpool create test mirror /dev/sdb /dev/sdc
Which of the following lines can be used to perform command substitution within a shell script? (Choose all that apply.)
`command` $(command)
What must you do to transform your computer into a DNS server? (Choose all that apply.)
a. Create zone files. d. Run the name daemon (named).
Which of the following must you perform to share a directory using NFS? (Choose all that apply.)
a.Edit the /etc/exports file. c. Run the exportfs -a command. d. Start or restart the NFS daemons.
Which of the following can be used to create a database within PostgreSQL? (Choose all that apply.)
a.the CREATE DATABASE statement within the PostgreSQL utility. d. the createdb command.
What is the term used to describe a user providing a user name and password to log in to a system?
authentication
What is the name given to a process not associated with a terminal?
daemon process
Which command can be used to create an image backup of a partition?
dd
Before a computer can use a router, what configuration information must it be provided?
default gateway
Which command is used to display the amount of free space that exists on a filesystem?
df
You want to see the filesystems that are in use on the system. What command could you use? (Choose all that apply.)
df -T cat /etc/mtab
The tac command _________.
displays the contents of a file in reverse order last line first and first line last.
What does the command dumpe2fs -h do?
displays the number of used and available inodes for an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
Which command is used to format a partition on a hard disk drive with the ext4 filesystem?
e2mkfs -t ext4 device
The current value for the HOME variable is displayed by which of the following commands? (Choose all that apply.)
echo ~ echo $HOME
Before a user-defined variable can be used by processes that run in subshells, that variable must be __________.
exported
When referring to the /etc/rsyslog.conf file, __________ specifies information from a certain area of the system, whereas ________ is the level of importance of that information.
facility, priority
What command can you use to safely shut down the Linux system immediately?
halt
A device file _______________________. (Choose all that apply.)
has no data section displays a major and minor number in place of a file size
You have recently modified the system time using the date command. What command can you run to ensure that the same time is updated within the system BIOS?
hwclock -w
Which of the following describes a computer that is used to access an iSCSI hard disk across the network?
iSCSI initiator
The first daemon loaded on a Linux system is _____.
init
Which command causes the system to enter Single User Mode?
init 1
Which process has a PID of 1 and a PPID of 0?
init/systemd
A runaway process that is faulty and consuming mass amounts of system resources ________.
is a rogue process
Which command can be used to see processes running in the background?
jobs
Which command within the command-line FTP utility can be used to change the current directory on the local computer?
lcd
Which of the following commands should be run following the installation of a shared library to update the /etc/ld.so.conf and /etc/ld.so.cache files?
ldconfig
What is the name of the utility used to rotate log files?
logrotate
The IP address of 127.0.0.1 is also referred to as the _____.
loopback address
Which command can be used to send a print job to the default printer named Printer1? (Choose all that apply.)
lp -d Printer1 file lp file
On which part of the maintenance cycle do Linux administrators spend the most time?
monitoring
Which command mounts all existing filesystems in /etc/fstab?
mount -a
Which commands can be used to display TCP/IP connections on your Linux system? (Choose all that apply.)
mtr
Linux is a ___________ and ___________ operating system.
multiuser, multitasking
Which command do you use to rename files and directories?
mv
Which command blanks the terminal screen, erasing previously displayed output?
clear
Which of the following commands extracts an archive?
cpio -vicdu -I /dev/fd0
When compiling source code into a binary program, which command does the compiling using the GNU C Compiler?
make
What is the default shell in Linux called?
BASH
When performing a sar -u command, you notice that %idle is consistently 10%. Is this good or bad?
Bad, because the processor is idle 10 percent of the time and perhaps a faster CPU is required
How do you indicate a comment line in a shell script?
Begin the line with #.
After typing the ls -F command, you see the following line in the output:-rw-r-xr-- 1 user1 root 0 Apr 29 15:40 file1What does this mean?
User1 has read and write, members of the root group have read and execute, and all others have read permissions to the file.
Which of the following statements regarding LVM structure is correct?
VGs are comprised of one or more PVs
When applied to a directory, the SGID special permission____________________.
causes all new files created in the directory to have the same group membership as the directory and not the entity that created them
A user typed in the command pwd and saw the output: /home/jim/sales/pending. How could that user navigate to the /home/jim directory?
cd ../..
If a user's current directory is /home/mary/project1, which command could she use to move to the etc directory directly under the root?
cd /etc
What command is used to view and modify user jobs scheduled to run with cron?
crontab
Which of the following commands can quickly determine whether your network hardware was detected properly following a Linux installation?
lshw -class network
What does the /var directory contain?
spools and log files
Which of the following can be used to provide graphical remote administration? (Choose all that apply.)
ssh -X VNC
You want to generate SSH keys for your user account and copy them to a remote computer to simplify future SSH authentication. What two commands can you use to perform these actions? (Choose two answers.)
ssh-keygen ssh-copy-id
Which command can be used to start X Windows, the window manager, and the default desktop environment?
startx
Which command searches for and displays any text contents of a binary file?
strings
Which command can be used to connect to check the /etc/samba/smb.conf file for syntax errors?
testparm
Which of the following variables could access the value "/etc" within the sample shell script, if the sample shell script was executed using the bash sample /var /etc /bin command?
$2
The command chmod 317 file1 would produce which of the following lines in the ls command?
--wx--xrwx 1 user1 root 0 Apr 29 15:40 file1
In what directory is Stage 2 of the GRUB2 boot loader stored?
/boot
Which file stores the Apache configuration in Fedora 28?
/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
Which file does the UNIX SysV init daemon reference on startup to determine the default runlevel?
/etc/inittab
What is the name of the file that contains a listing of all users on the system and their home directories?
/etc/passwd
Which of the following files is always executed immediately after any user logs in to a Linux system and receives a BASH shell?
/etc/profile
To which directory will the test ZFS volume from the previous question be mounted by the ZFS system?
/test
Which of the following statements is true?
After modifying /etc/default/grub, you must run the grub2-mkconfig command before the changes are made to GRUB2.
What is the most common open source Web server available for Linux?
Apache
Which of the following are stand-alone daemons? (Choose all that apply.)
Apache (httpd) DNS (named)
Which of the following actions should you first take to secure your Linux computer against network attacks?
Ensure that only necessary services are running.
Along with a listing of user accounts, the /etc/passwd file contains information on account expiry. True or False?
False
Linux commands entered via the command line are not case sensitive. True or False?
False
Standalone daemons are started on demand using xinetd. True or False?
False
The NetworkManager or Systemd-networkd components must be installed on a Linux system in order to configure an IP address on a network interface. True or False?
False
The less command offers less functionality than the more command. True or False?
False
The pam_tally2.so PAM can be used to enforce complex passwords on a Linux system. True or False?
False
To install a new program from RPM software repositories on the Internet, you can use the dnf update programname command. True or False?
False
When the fsck command cannot repair a non-root ( / ) filesystem, you should immediately restore all data from backup. True or False?
False
You can purchase object storage from a cloud provider to provide persistent filesystem-based storage. True or False?
False
What does &> accomplish when entered on the command line after a command?
It redirects both stderr and stdout to the same location.
What are best practices for securing a local Linux server? (Choose all that apply.)
Lock the server in a server closet. Ensure that SELinux or AppArmor is used to protect key services. Use encryption for files and network traffic.
You want to configure the runlevels that a particular upstart daemon is started in. What should you do?
Modify the daemon configuration file within the /etc/init directory
What type of redundant storage configuration is most common for hosting the operating system and applications on a server?
RAID 1
Mary is a system administrator in your organization. She has recently made changes to the DHCP configuration file, but the DHCP daemon does not seem to recognize the new changes. What should she do?
Restart the DHCP daemon.
Consider the following shell script:
The answer is not red nor blue.
You attempt to perform the git commit -m "Added listdir function" but the command fails. What are possible reasons for the failure? (Choose all that apply.)
The user performing the commit has not set their Git user information. The user performing the commit is not running the command from within the Git repo directory.
Hard links need to reside on the same filesystem as the target, whereas symbolic links need not be on the same filesystem as the target. True or False?
True
If you boot your computer from Linux live media, you will be able to use a fully-functional Linux system prior to installing Linux on permanent storage. True or False?
True
Most source code is typically available on the Internet in tarball format or as a git repository. True or False?
True
PaaS cloud providers host sandboxed Web apps using containers for scalability. True or False?
True
SSH encrypts all traffic that passes across the network, whereas telnet does not. True or False?
True
You can clear a log file simply by redirecting nothing into it. True or False?
True
You have redirected stderr to a file called Errors. You view the contents of this file afterward and notice that there are six error messages. After repeating the procedure, you notice that there are only two error messages in this file. Why?
You did not append the stderr to the Error file, and, as a result, it was overwritten when the command was run a second time.
Using wildcard metacharacters, how can you indicate a character that is not an a or b or c or d?
[!a-d]
Which of the following statements is true? (Choose all that apply.)
a. If /etc/at.allow exists, only users listed in it can use the at command. b. If /etc/cron.allow exists, only users listed in it can use the cron command. c. If /etc/cron.deny exists and /etc/cron.allow does not exist, any user not listed in /etc/cron.deny can use the cron command.
Which of the following could result in a segmentation fault (fatal signal 11) during a Fedora installation?
a. RAM problems b. overclocked CPU c. faulty hardware components D is the correct option d. all of the above Hide Feedback
Many types of software are available today. Which type of software does Linux represent?
a. open source software
The pkill command terminates _________.
all instances of a process with the same name matched by a regular expression
What command is equivalent to the man -k keyword command?
apropos keyword
Which of the following commands can be used to remove the test DPM package, including any test configuration files?
apt purge test
You use lpstat and determine that a user named User1 has placed two large print jobs in the queue for Printer1 that have yet to start printing. They have print job IDs of Printer1-17 and Printer1-21, respectively. Which command would you use to remove these two jobs from the print queue?
cancel Printer1-17 Printer1-21
Which of the following will display the message welcome home if the cd /home/user1 command is successfully executed?
cd /home/user1 && echo "welcome home"
Which of the following commands can be used to start a UNIX SysV daemon called lala in runlevels 1, 2 and 3?
chkconfig --level 123 lala on
Which command can you use during a system rescue to switch from the root of the live OS to the root of the Linux system installed on the hard disk?
chroot
The vi editor can function in which two of the following modes? (Choose both that apply.)
command insert
Which command can be used to list containers that are currently running on the operating system only?
docker ps
Which option to the rpm command can be used to remove a package from the system?
e
Every if construct begins with if and must be terminated with? _________
fi
Which of the following firewalld commands can be used to allow incoming SSH connections the next time the system is booted?
firewall-cmd --add-service ssh --permanent
A process spawning or initiating another process is referred to as _____.
forking
Which of the following commands can be used to display memory statistics? (Choose all that apply.)
free sar vmstat
Which of the following indicates the second MBR partition on the third hard disk drive to GRUB2?
hd2,msdos2
What command can you use to view journald log entries on a system that uses Systemd?
journalctl
Which of the following commands can be used on a modern Linux system to view hardware information that was captured at the beginning of the boot process?
journalctl -k
Which command can be used to modify the default locale on the system?
localectl
You know a Linux command will perform a desired function for you, but you cannot remember the full name of the command. You do remember it will flush a variable from your system. Which command typed at a command prompt displays a list of commands that would likely contain the command you desire?
man -k flush
Which command can you use to synchronize ntpd with an NTP time source?
ntpq
Which command would a user type on the command line to find out the current directory in the directory tree?
pwd
What will typing q! at the : prompt in command mode do when using the vi editor?
quit without saving any changes
Which construct can be used in a shell script to read stdin and place it in a variable?
read
Which of the following commands will most likely increase the chance of a process receiving more time slices?
renice -12
A special device file is used to ___________.
represent hardware devices such as hard disk drives and ports
If "resume" is the name of a file in the home directory off the root of the filesystem and your present working directory is home, what is the relative name for the file named resume?
resume
After you log in to a terminal, you receive a user interface called a
shell
Which of the following Systemd commands can be used to stop a daemon called lala?
systemctl stop lala.service
Which of the following commands creates an archive?
tar -zcvf /dev/st0 *
When you change the data in a file that is hard-linked to three others, __________.
the data in the file you modified as well as the data in all hard-linked files are modified because they share the same data and all have the same inode and file size
A user types the command head /poems/mary. What will be displayed on the terminal screen?
the first 10 lines of the file mary
Which culture embraced the term "GNU" (GNU's Not UNIX) and laid the free software groundwork for Linux?
the hacker culture
When a printer is disabled, ________.
the print queue accepts jobs into the print queue and holds them there until the printer is enabled again
When a printer is rejecting requests,____________.
the print queue does not accept jobs and sends a message to the user noting that the printer is unavailable
When configuring a virtual hard disk file, which term refers to the feature that allows the virtual hard disk file to expand dynamically as space is requested by the guest operating system?
thin provisioning
Which command is used to gain real-time information about processes running on the system, with the most processor-intensive processes listed at the beginning of the list?
top
Which command can be used to repair an XFS filesystem?
xfs_repair /dev/sdb1
Which prompt does the root user receive when logged in to the system?
#
Which prompt do regular users receive when logged in to the system?
$
After typing the command umask 731, the permissions on all subsequently created files and directories will be effected. In this case, what will be the permissions on all new files?
---r--rw-
Which two partitions do you typically create at minimum during a Fedora Linux installation? (Choose two answers.)
/ and /home
Given the following output from /etc/fstab, which filesystems will be automatically checked on boot by the fsck command? /dev/sda1 / ext4 defaults 1 1none /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 1 0none /proc proc defaults 0 1none /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 1 0/dev/sdc2 swap swap defaults 0 1/dev/dvd /media/dvd iso9660 noauto,ro 0 0
/, /proc, and swap
You plug a USB flash memory drive into a system that has two SATA hard disks. How will the partition on this USB flash memory drive be identified by Linux?
/dev/sdc1
Which of the following kernels are developmental kernels? (Choose all that apply.)
2.3.4 4.1-rc5
You noticed a file in your home directory that has a + symbol appended to the mode. What does this indicate?
Additional entries exist within the ACL of the file that can be viewed using the getfacl command.
Jim has just installed two new SAS SSDs in his system. He properly installs the hardware in his machine. Before he can use them for data storage and retrieval, what must he do? (Choose all that apply.)
Create one or more partitions on each of the SSDs. Mount any partitions created on the two SSDs such that they are accessible by the operating system. Format any partitions created on the SSDs with a valid filesystem recognized by Linux
When sitting at a computer running Linux, what key combination do you press to open the graphical terminal?
Ctrl+Alt+F1
A symbolic link is also known as a soft link and is depicted by an @ symbol appearing at the beginning of the filename when viewed using the ls -l command. True or False?
False
After a partition on a hard disk is formatted with a filesystem, all partitions on that hard disk drive must use the same filesystem. True or False?
False
After typing the ls -a command, you notice a file whose filename begins with a dot ( . ). What does this mean?
It is a hidden file.
After typing the ls -F command, you notice a filename that ends with an * (asterisk) character. What does this mean?
It is an executable file.
A user runs the fsck command with the -f option on an ext4 filesystem that is showing signs of corruption. How would that user locate any files the system was unable to repair?
Mount the filesystem and check the lost+found directory underneath the mount point.
Which of the following statements are true? (Choose all that apply.)
Quotas can limit both user space and the number of files a user can own. Hard limits can never be exceeded. Soft limits allow a user to exceed them for a certain period of time.
Who formed the Free Software Foundation to promote open development?
Richard Stallman
Linux has only one root directory per directory tree. True or False?
True
The lvextend command can be used to add unused space within a volume group to an existing logical volume. True or False?
True
To install Linux within a virtual machine, you can specify the path to an ISO image that contains the Linux installation media within virtualization software without having to first write the ISO image to a DVD or USB flash drive. True or False?
True
Which two people are accredited with creating the UNIX operating system? (Choose two answers.)
a. Dennis Ritchie d. Ken Thompson
What are some good reasons for using Linux in a corporate environment? (Choose all that apply.)
a. Linux software is unlikely to become abandoned by its developers. b. Linux is secure and has a lower total cost of ownership than other operating systems. c. Linux is widely available for many platforms and supports many programming languages.
Which of the following are factors that determine which Linux distribution a user will use? (Choose all that apply.)
a. package manager support b. hardware platform c. kernel features
The core component of the Linux operating system is the Linux kernel. If you were a Linux systems administrator for a company, when would you need to upgrade your Linux kernel? (Choose all that apply.)
a. when you need support in Linux for new hardware c. when you need to increase the stability of Linux
When the core components of the Linux operating system are packaged together with other Open Source Software, it is called a:
c. Linux distribution
A file has the following permissions r----x-w-. The command chmod 143 would have the same effect as the command _________. (Choose all that apply.)
chmod u=x,g=r,o=wx file1
Which of the following commands will change the user ownership and group ownership of file1 to user1 and root, respectively?
chown user1:root file1
Which of the following are common methods for gaining support for Linux?
d. all the above
What does the du -s /var command do?
displays the total size of the /var directory
What are the three standard Linux permissions?
execute, read, write
Which of the following is not a piece of information that the Fedora installation program prompts you for?
firewall settings
Which of the following commands can only be used to create partitions on a GPT hard disk?
gdisk
What equivalent to the man command generally provides an easier-to-read description of the queried command and contains links to other related information?
info
The which command _________________.
searches for a file only in directories that are in the PATH variable