CIS 486 Study Set
Which of the following is a difference between project management and portfolio management? Project management involves making wise investment decisions whereas portfolio management does not. Portfolio management is an easy task whereas project management is a more difficult task. Portfolio management asks questions like, "Are we carrying out projects efficiently?" whereas project management asks questions such as "Are we investing in the right areas?" Project management addresses specific, short-term goals whereas portfolio management focuses on long-term goals.
Project management addresses specific, short-term goals whereas portfolio management focuses on long-term goals.
Which of the following project parameters would be compatible with the use of the agile approach? Projects with inexperienced and dispersed teams Projects that have a fairly rigid completion date Projects with clear-up front requirements Projects that have more flexible scheduling
Projects that have more flexible scheduling
Galaxy, a construction company, buys a particular brand of tiles manufactured by Tiles and Floors, an eco-friendly tile manufacturing company. However, Tiles and Floors has declared bankruptcy and closed down. At present, Galaxy is facing a crisis because there are no other manufacturers in the market that supplies eco-friendly tiles. Which of the following constraints is Galaxy currently facing? Resources Time Scope Cost
Resources
Which of the following is true of program managers? They report to project managers who represent the next level in the hierarchy. They recognize that managing a program is simpler than managing a project. They provide leadership and direction for project managers heading the projects within a program. They are responsible solely for the delivery of project results.
They provide leadership and direction for project managers heading the projects within a program.
Which of the following is a planning process associated with project scope management? Collecting requirements Performing qualitative risk analysis Planning schedule management Estimating costs
Collecting requirements
Which of the following is a pre-initiation task? Drawing up a work breakdown structure Developing a business case for a project Drafting the project charter Identifying stakeholders
Developing a business case for a project
Which of the following project management knowledge areas is an overarching function that affects and is affected by the different knowledge areas? Project cost management Project stakeholder management Project integration management Project communications management
Project integration management
_____ involves building individual and group skills to enhance project performance.
Developing the project team
_____ is best known for developing Theory X and Theory Y.
Douglas McGregor
The main output of the _____ process is the stakeholder register.
Identifying stakeholders
_____ involves determining everyone involved in the project or affected by it, and determining the best ways to manage relationships with them.
Identifying stakeholders
Which of the following is true of the project life cycle? In the early phases of a project life cycle, resource needs are usually lowest. In the later phases of the project life cycle, the level of uncertainty is usually the highest. It is much more expensive to make major changes to a project during the earlier phases than the latter phases. More resources are usually needed during the initial phases of a project than during the middle or final phases.
In the early phases of a project life cycle, resource needs are usually lowest.
Which of the following is true of a rough order of magnitude estimate?
It provides an estimate of what a project will cost.
Which of the following communication methods would be most appropriate for assessing the commitment of project stakeholders?
Meetings
_____ involves prioritizing risks based on their probability and impact of occurrence.
Performing qualitative risk analysis
_____ involves numerically estimating the effects of risks on project objectives.
Performing quantitative risk analysis
_____ processes include devising and maintaining a workable scheme to ensure that the project addresses the organization's needs. Initiating Planning Executing Monitoring and controlling
Planning
_____ involves determining the information and communications needs of the stakeholders.
Planning communications
Which of the following project management knowledge areas primarily involve generating, collecting, disseminating, and storing project information? Project cost management Project procurement management Project time management Project communications management
Project communications management
Martha works as a project manager at a bank. Due to certain changes in external factors, Martha needs to make a few alterations in the tactical goals of her project. In such a scenario, which of the following will best help Martha cope with the change? Negotiation Project environment knowledge Motivation Soft skills
Project environment knowledge
_____ refers to the process of developing a working replica of the system or some aspect of the system. Prototyping Variance Decomposition Use case modeling
Prototyping
_____ is based on an individual's personal charisma.
Referent power
In project procurement management, which of the following is an output of the executing process?
Resource calendars
The _____ is a description of the work required for a procurement.
SOW
_____ are predefined actions that the project team will take if an identified risk event occurs.
Contingency plans
In which of the following areas of management is payback analysis most likely to be used? Human resource Communication Cost Quality
Cost
_____ is a planning process that is within the Project Scope Management knowledge area. Schedule development Developing a project management plan Creation of a WBS Quality planning
Creation of a WBS
Which of the following is true of dummy activities?
They show logical relationships between activities
Variances are calculated by subtracting the actual cost from _____.
earned value
AOA network diagrams use only _____ dependencies.
finish-to-start
The first step in project procurement management is:
planning procurement management.
The first two traditional project phases (concept and development) focus on planning, and are often referred to as _____. project feasibility project acquisition project implementation project close-out
project feasibility
According to Thamhain and Wilemon, _____ is the ability to improve a worker's position.
promotion
In project procurement management, an output of the _____ monitoring and controlling process.
Change requests
_____ is a technique that helps identify which variables have the most influence on the overall outcome of a process.
Design of experiments
_____ involves allocating the overall cost estimate to individual work items to establish a baseline for measuring performance.
Determining the budget
_____ involves working with stakeholders to create the document that formally authorizes a project. Performing integrated change control Developing the project charter Developing the project management plan Developing the preliminary project scope statement
Developing the project charter
_____ are new requirements imposed by management, government, or some external influence. Charters Opportunities Problems Directives
Directives
Which of the following is true of the schedule performance index (SPI)?
It can be used to estimate the projected time to complete the project.
Which of the following is true of virtual teams? It is easier for a virtual team to build relationships and trust. Negative incentives do not impact virtual team members. It is important to select team members carefully. As they never meet, virtual teams do not have conflicts.
It is important to select team members carefully.
_____ involves tracking team member performance, motivating team members, providing timely feedback, resolving issues and conflicts, and coordinating changes to help enhance project performance.
Managing the project team
Which of the following types of dependencies are inherent in the nature of work being performed on a project?
Mandatory
_____ involves taking steps to enhance opportunities and reduce threats to meeting project objectives.
Planning risk responses
_____ are/is a qualitative risk analysis tool that maintains an awareness of risks throughout the life of a project in addition to identifying risks.
Top Ten Risk Item Tracking
_____ refers to the difference between planned and actual performance. Decomposition Variance Scope validation Scope creep
Variance
Outputs of the _____ process consist of selected sellers and resource calendars.
conducting procurements
In project time management, the main goal of _____ is to ensure that the project team has complete understanding of all the work they must do as part of the project scope so they can start scheduling the work.
defining activities
In project time management, the next step after defining project activities is:
determining their dependencies
A(n) _____ on a project is a significant event that normally has no duration.
milestone
Which of the following processes of project procurement management involves managing relationships with sellers, monitoring contract performance, and making changes as needed?
Controlling procurements
Which of the following activities is a part of the planning process of the Scrum? Determining how many sprints will compose each release Demonstrating the product during a sprint review meeting Completing tasks each day during sprints Creating sprint backlog
Creating sprint backlog
Which of the following involves developing an approximation of the costs of resources needed to complete a project?
Estimating costs
Which of the following refers to a set of principles that guides decision making based on personal values of what is considered right and wrong? Ethics Civics Laws Politics
Ethics
_____ uses highly organized and intensive workshops to bring together project stakeholders—the sponsor, users, business analysts, programmers, and so on—to jointly define and design information systems. Prototyping JAD RAD Use case modeling
JAD
_____ is a technique for resolving resource conflicts by delaying tasks.
Resource leveling
_____ involves formal acceptance of the completed project scope by the stakeholders. Scope validation Scope planning Scope control Scope baseline
Scope validation
Important tools used in the _____ phase of the DMAIC process include a project charter, a description of customer requirements, process maps, and Voice of the Customer (VOC) data.
define
A _____ estimate is used for making many purchasing decisions for which accurate estimates are required and for estimating final project costs.
definitive
In project time management, the ultimate goal of _____ is to provide a basis for monitoring project progress for the time dimension of the project.
developing a schedule
In the _____ stage of selecting information technology projects, organizations select information technology projects. business area analysis project planning resource allocation information technology strategy planning
resource allocation
A(n) _____ is a column chart that shows the number of resources assigned to a project over time.
resource histogram
_____ involves defining and documenting the features and functions of the products produced during the project as well as the processes used for creating them. Collecting requirements Defining scope Controlling scope Validating scope
Collecting requirements
_____ involves identifying and controlling the functional and physical design characteristics of products and their support documentation, and ensures that the descriptions of the project's products are correct and complete. Configuration management Project time management Project management information systems NPV analysis
Configuration management
_____ involves monitoring identified and residual risks, identifying new risks, carrying out risk response plans, and evaluating the effectiveness of risk strategies throughout the life of the project.
Controlling risk
_____ involves coordinating all planning efforts to create a consistent, coherent document. Developing the organizational process assets updates Developing the project charter Developing the preliminary project scope statement Developing the project management plan
Developing the project management plan
In project time management, which of the following processes involve analyzing activity sequences, activity resource estimates, and activity duration estimates to create the project schedule?
Developing the schedule
_____ dependencies are sometimes referred to as soft logic and should be used with care because they may limit later scheduling options.
Discretionary
Soles is a footwear company which has recently set up its store in Ambrosia. To manufacture its products, Soles incurs a range of different costs. Which of the following would be an example of an indirect cost?
Electricity used to run its factories
_____ is a fact-finding technique that can be used for collecting information in face-to-face, phone, e-mail, or instant-messaging discussions.
Interviewing
Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the agile method? It is often used when a project team CANNOT express the scope early in the product life cycle. It is used when a project team wants to provide a potentially shippable product earlier rather than later. It uses several iterations or deliveries of software instead of waiting until the end of the project to provide a product. It is used when project teams want to use the predicative approach to a project.
It is used when project teams want to use the predicative approach to a project.
_____ refers to the degree to employees identify with the organization as a whole, rather than with their types of job or profession. Member identity People focus Group emphasis Unit integration
Member identity
_____ refers to matching certain behaviors of the other person.
Mirroring
_____ analysis simulates a model's outcome many times to provide a statistical distribution of the calculated results.
Monte Carlo
_____ involves deciding how to approach and plan the risk management activities for the project.
Planning risk management
"Outsourcing to provide extra workers during periods of peak workloads can be much more economical than trying to fill entire projects with internal resources." Which of the following advantages does this characteristic of outsourcing provide organizations?
Provides a company flexibility in staffing
"A shortage of qualified personnel is one of the main reason that companies outsource. A project may require experts in a particular field for several months and planning for this procurement ensures that the needed services will be available for the project." Which of the following benefits does this characteristic of outsourcing provide an organization?
Provides access to specific skills
Which of the following is a disadvantage of virtual teams as compared to traditional teams? Increased costs for office space and support Reduced opportunities for informal transfer of information Limited flexibility in team working hours Reduced dependence on technology and processes for accomplishing work
Reduced opportunities for informal transfer of information
Outsourcing suppliers can often provide economies of scale, especially for hardware and software, that may not be available to the client alone. Which of the following benefits does this offer an organization?
Reduction in fixed and recurrent costs
_____ is the ability of a product or service to perform as expected under normal conditions.
Reliability
_____ refers to the amount of individual resources an existing schedule requires during specific time periods.
Resource loading
_____ involves doing whatever you can to make sure the positive risk happens.
Risk exploitation
_____ involves reducing the impact of a risk event by reducing the probability of its occurrence.
Risk mitigation
_____ involves allocating ownership of the risk to another party.
Risk sharing
_____ involves shifting the consequence of a risk and responsibility for its management to a third party.
Risk transference
_____ risks refer to those that are direct results of implementing risk responses.
Secondary
_____ is at the top of Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
Self-actualization
After planning for procurement management, which of the following does the next process involve?
Sending appropriate documentation to potential sellers
In the MBTI, the _____ dimension relates to the manner in which you gather information.
Sensation/Intuition
In project time management, which of the following processes primarily involve identifying and documenting the relationships between project activities?
Sequencing activities
Which of the following methods of communication is likely to be most effective for conveying sensitive or important information?
Short face-to-face meetings
_____ is the amount of time an activity can be delayed from its early start without delaying the planned project finish date.
Total slack
A preliminary or rough cost estimate is developed in the _____ phase of the project life cycle, and an overview of the work involved is created. implementation acquisition concept close-out
concept
The technique for making cost and schedule trade-offs to obtain the greatest amount of schedule compression for the least incremental cost is known as _____.
crashing
If the cost estimate for a project is a basis for contract awards and performance reporting, it should be a(n) _____ estimate and as accurate as possible.
definitive
The term ______ describes a product produced as part of a project. variance scope deliverable work package
deliverable
The first step in determining the NPV is to _____. determine the cash flow determine the estimated costs and benefits for the life of the project and the products it produces calculate the net present value determine the discount rate
determine the estimated costs and benefits for the life of the project and the products it produces
A critical path: is the shortest path through a network diagram. represents schedule information in calendar form. determines the earliest completion date of a project. is a quality management tool to ensure a project meets the minimum quality standards.
determines the earliest completion date of a project.
One of the main outputs of the initiation process is _____. creating the work breakdown structure selecting the project manager developing the project charter identifying the project sponsor
developing the project charter
The main outputs of the _____ process are team performance assessments and enterprise environmental factors updates.
developing the project team
Newtech Inc. hires John for the position of a software programmer to work on their new project. Salary paid to John by Newtech Inc. would be an example of _____ costs.
direct
According to the guidelines provided by Practical Communications, Inc., a(n) _____ is a medium that is "excellent" for encouraging creative thinking.
The acquiring of the project team is a subprocess associated with the _____ process of project human resource management.
executing
The majority of time on a project is usually spent on _____, as is most of the project's budget. closing monitoring and controlling planning execution
execution
Scope, time and cost goals in order of importance can be ranked on a(n) _____.
expectations management matrix
According to research by Albert Mehrabian, which of the following is NOT a way that information is communicated in a face-to-face interaction?
facial expression
Critical chain scheduling protects tasks on the critical chain from being delayed by using _____, which consist of additional time added before tasks on the critical chain that are preceded by non-critical-path tasks.
feeding buffers
The first step in the framework for defining and assigning work is _____.
finalizing the project requirements
The symbolic perspective of an organization: focuses on different groups' roles and responsibilities to meet the goals and policies set by top management. views the organization as coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups. focuses on providing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of people. focuses on the meanings of the culture, language, traditions, and image of the organization.
focuses on the meanings of the culture, language, traditions, and image of the organization.
The amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the early start date of any immediately following activities is known as a _____.
free slack
The main purpose of project plans is to schedule management plans define project scope estimate activity resources guide project execution
guide project execution
Enterprise project management softwares are also known as _____ tools of project management software. baseline midrange low-end high-end
high-end
Team building exercises and motivation techniques are tools used in _____ management. procurement scope human resource cost
human resource
As the number of people involved in a project _____, the complexity of communications _____.
increases, increases
A(n) _____ represents decision problems by displaying essential elements, including decisions, uncertainties, causality, and objectives, and how they influence each other.
influence diagram
During _____ processes for a new project, the organization recognizes that a new project exists, and completes a project charter as part of this recognition. initiating planning opening controlling
initiating
The project integration management knowledge area maps to the _____ process group through the activities of developing project charters. initiating planning executing monitoring and controlling
initiating
The project stakeholder management knowledge area maps to the ______ process group by identifying stakeholders. initiating planning executing monitoring and controlling
initiating
The project management plan is the output of the planning process of project _____. integration management quality management scope management procurement management
integration management
A common _____ process is reporting performance, where project stakeholders can identify any necessary changes that may be required to keep the project on track. executing closing monitoring and controlling planning
monitoring and controlling
The project scope management knowledge area maps to the _____ process group through the activities of scope validation and scope control. initiating planning executing monitoring and controlling
monitoring and controlling
The project time management knowledge area maps to the _____ process group through the activity of schedule control. initiating planning executing monitoring and controlling
monitoring and controlling
Indirect costs are:
not directly related to the products or services of a project.
_____ uses project characteristics in a mathematical model to estimate project costs.
parametric estimating
The most difficult and unappreciated process in project management is often initiating planning executing monitoring and controlling
planning
The project cost management knowledge area maps to the _____ process group through the activities of estimating costs and budget determination. initiating planning executing monitoring and controlling
planning
In project procurement management, the process of _____ involves determining what to procure, when, and how.
planning procurement management
Process improvement plan, quality metrics, and quality checklists are the outputs of the _____ process of project quality management.
planning quality management
The first process involved in project time management is _____ .
planning schedule management
The _____ perspective on organizations assumes that organizations are coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups. political frame symbolic frame structural frame human resources frame
political frame
According to McClelland's acquired-needs theory, people who need personal _____ want to direct others and can be seen as bossy.
power
A _____ is a tool used in risk management. work breakdown structure project organizational chart critical path analysis probability matrice
probability matrice
The _____ lists the relative probability of a risk occurring and the relative impact of the risk occurring.
probability/impact matrix
Unenforceable conditions or contract clauses and adversarial relations are risk conditions associated with the project _____ management knowledge area.
procurement
The _____ section of the project management plan describes how to monitor project progress and handle changes. management objectives project controls risk management technical processes
project controls
Enterprise environmental factors are an output of the executing process of _____. project integration management project quality management project human resource management project procurement management
project human resource management
Organizational process assets update is the output of the closing process of _____. project integration management project quality management project communication management project time management
project integration management
The _____ section of the project plan should describe the major project functions and activities and identify those individuals who are in charge of them. management objectives other organizational or process-related information project responsibilities organizational charts
project responsibilities
In the _____ model, developers use a model to generate functional requirements and physical design specifications simultaneously. RAD life cycle prototyping life cycle spiral life cycle incremental build life cycle
prototyping life cycle
The _____ process is often associated with the technical tools and techniques of quality management, such as Pareto charts, quality control charts, and statistical sampling.
quality control
The _____ is the minimum acceptable rate of return on an investment. required rate of return discount rate internal rate of return capitalization rate
required rate of return
The ______ documents how project needs will be analyzed, documented, and managed. requirements traceability matrix requirements management plan WBS project scope statement
requirements management plan
A(n) _____ is a table that lists requirements, their various attributes, and the status of the requirements to ensure that all are addressed. requirements traceability matrix Gantt chart state transition table entity-attribute-value model
requirements traceability matrix
The project team must take corrective action if stakeholders with high interest and high power are categorized as _____.
resistant
Profits may be defined as:
revenues minus expenditures
The degree of uncertainty an entity is willing to take on in anticipation of a reward is
risk appetite
Risk utility rises at a decreasing rate for a _____ person.
risk-averse
A _____ person achieves a balance between risk and payoff.
risk-neutral
Those who are _____ have a higher tolerance for risk, and their satisfaction increases when more payoff is at stake.
risk-seeking
The _____ should list and describe all of the deliverables required for the project. project charter scope statement WBS Gantt chart
scope statement
Which of the following is a relationship in which the "from" activity cannot start until the "to" activity is started?
start-to-start
In the Tuckman model, _____ occurs as team members have different opinions as to how the team should operate.
storming
Steve, an engineer in a construction company, is at present working on a home construction project. The home is being built for the Robinson family, the owners of the home. Steve is working with his project team and support staff to ensure the project is completed on time. In such a scenario, the project sponsor is _____. Steve the support staff the project team the Robinson family
the Robinson family
Psychologist David Merril describes _____ as reactive and task-oriented.
"Analyticals"
Using the formula for calculating the number of communication channels, how many channels would two people require?
1
Using the formula for calculating the number of communication channels, how many channels would five people require?
10
In a weighted scoring model, the sum of the weights of all the criteria must total _____ percent. 150 50 10 100
100
Six Sigma's target for perfection is the achievement of no more than _____ defects, errors, or mistakes per million opportunities.
3.4
A team has 10 communication channels between its various members. Using the formula number of communication channels = n (n-1)/2, where n is the number of people in the team, the team has _____ members.
5
In project procurement management, which of the following is one of the main outputs of the conducting procurement process?
A selected seller
_____ a highly respected psychologist, rejected the dehumanizing negativism of psychology and proposed the hierarchy of needs theory.
Abraham Maslow
_____ involves assigning the needed personnel to work on the project.
Acquiring the project team
Which of the following is a difference between an activity list and an activity attribute?
An activity attribute provides more schedule-related information about each activity than an activity list.
Which of the following best describes outsourcing? An organization selling its products in a market outside its domestic market An organization's acquisition of goods and services from an outside source An organization setting up manufacturing and retailing facilities in a new country An organization's use of virtual teams with employees located in different countries
An organization's acquisition of goods and services from an outside source
Which of the following types of estimate use the actual cost of a previous, similar project as the basis for estimating the cost of the current project?
Analogous estimates
_____ is the cost of evaluating processes and their outputs to ensure that a project is error-free or within an acceptable error range.
Appraisal cost
What is the first step in a Monte Carlo analysis?
Assess the range for the variables being considered.
_____ generates ideas for quality improvements by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products within or outside the performing organization.
Benchmarking
Which of the following is a silimarity between scope control and schedule control?
Both are portions of the integrated change control process under project integration management.
_____ helps integrate traditionally separate organizational functions, set process improvement goals and priorities, provide guidance for quality processes, and provide a point of reference for appraising current processes.
CMMI
With a(n) _____ contract, the buyer pays the supplier for allowable performance costs plus a fixed fee payment usually based on a percentage of estimated costs.
CPFF
In a(n) _____ contract, the buyer pays the supplier for allowable performance costs along with a predetermined fee and an incentive bonus.
CPIF
A(n) _____ contract carries the least risk for suppliers.
CPPC
From the buyer's perspective, the _____ is the least desirable among all contracts because the supplier has no incentive to decrease costs.
CPPC
In which of the following contracts does the buyer pay the supplier for allowable performance costs along with a predetermined percentage based on total costs?
CPPC
As a manager, you want to praise a team member, Phil, for doing a good job on a particular project. However, you know that Phil tends to be an introvert. Which of the following communication methods would Phil be most comfortable with?
Call Phil in for a private meeting to appreciate his work.
_____ is a method for determining the estimated annual costs and benefits for a project.
Cash flow analysis
In project procurement management, which of the following processes involve completion and settlement of each contract, including resolution of any open items?
Closing procurements
_____ involves using punishment, threats, or other negative approaches to get people to do things they do not want to do.
Coercive power
_____ means the project's processes and products meet written specifications.
Conformance to requirements
_____ involves monitoring stakeholder relationships and adjusting plans and strategies for engaging stakeholders as needed.
Controlling stakeholder engagement
_____ should result in improvements in project performance. Corrective actions Defect repairs Preventive actions Product acceptance plans
Corrective actions
_____ contracts involve payment to the supplier for direct and indirect actual costs and often include fees.
Cost-reimbursable contracts
Which of the following is a network diagramming technique used primarily to predict total project duration?
Critical path analysis
_____ wrote Quality Is Free in 1979 and is best known for suggesting that organizations strive for zero defects.
Crosby
Projects that use Six Sigma principles for quality control normally follow a five-phase improvement process called _____.
DMAIC
In project time management, which of the following processes generate the main outputs of an activity list, activity attributes, and a milestone list?
Defining activities
Which of the following processes in project time management involves identifying the specific tasks that the project team members and stakeholders must perform to produce the project deliverables?
Defining activities
____ involves reviewing the project charter, requirements documents, and organizational process assets to create a scope statement, adding more information as requirements are developed and change requests are approved. Creating scope Defining scope Controlling scope Validating scope
Defining scope
Which of the following is one of Deming's 14 Points for Management?
Eliminate the annual rating or merit system.
In project time management, which of the following processes involve calculating the number of work periods that are needed to complete individual activities?
Estimating activity durations
Which of the following dependencies involve relationships between project and non-project activities?
External
_____ is a cost that relates to all errors not detected and not corrected before delivery to the customer.
External failure cost
Which of the following techniques involve doing activities in parallel that one would normally do in sequence?
Fast tracking
_____ are the system's special characteristics that appeal to users.
Features
_____ means that a product can be used as it was intended.
Fitness for use
____ predict future project status and progress based on past information and trends.
Forecasts
_____ is best known for distinguishing between motivational factors and hygiene factors when considering motivation in work settings.
Frederick Herzberg
_____ is the degree to which a system performs its intended function.
Functionality
_____ provide(s) a standard format for displaying project schedule information by listing project activities and their corresponding start and finish dates in a calendar format.
Gantt charts
"Most organizations are not in business to provide information technology services, yet many have spent valuable time and resources on information technology functions when they should have instead worked on important competencies such as marketing, customer service, and new product design. Outsourcing helps tackle this problem." Which of the following benefits does outsourcing primarily provide in such a scenario?
Helps focus on an organization's core business
Which of the following questions is typically addressed by a project forecast?
How much more money will be needed to complete the project?
Joe is a project manager in an IT company and has over the years, gained substantial knowledge in his area of work. However, while managing his team, he often loses his temper. In addition, he fails to be an active listener when his team members approach him with work related challenges. In which of the following areas does Joe need to develop his skills in? Application area knowledge Project environment knowledge Standards and regulations Human relations skills
Human relations skills
_____, a quality system standard is a three-part, continuous cycle of planning, controlling, and documenting quality in an organization.
ISO 9000
_____ involves determining which risks are likely to affect a project and documenting the characteristics of each.
Identifying risks
Which of the following is a guideline that project managers should follow when communicating with their teams through e-mail?
If the entire message can fit in the subject line, put it there.
In organizational culture, means-end orientation refers to _____. the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee and control employee behavior the degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve results the degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seeking
the degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve results
In organizational culture, control refers to _____. the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee employee behavior the degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve results the degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seeking
the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee employee behavior
Cost variance is:
the earned value minus the actual cost
Schedule variance is:
the earned value minus the planned value.
Payback occurs when: the net costs are lower than the cumulative benefits. the cumulative benefits are double the cumulative costs. the net cumulative benefits equal the net cumulative costs. the net cumulative benefits minus costs equal one.
the net cumulative benefits equal the net cumulative costs.
The business case includes information on _____. relevant government or industry standards the project objective, high-level requirements, and time and cost goals the business need for the project policies, procedures, guidelines, and systems that influence a project's success
the project objective, high-level requirements, and time and cost goals
Scope creep refers to: the tendency for project scope to keep getting bigger and bigger. subdividing project deliverables into smaller pieces. the approved project scope statement and its associated WBS. a task at the lowest level of the WBS.
the tendency for project scope to keep getting bigger and bigger.
Mind mapping can be used for developing WBSs using the analogy approach only the bottom-up or analogy approach the top-down or bottom-up approach any approach
the top-down or bottom-up approach
Scope refers to: each level of work that is outlined in a work breakdown structure. the end product created as part of a project that is delivered to the client. tasks that are decomposed into smaller tasks in a work breakdown structure. the work involved in creating the products and the processes used to create them.
the work involved in creating the products and the processes used to create them
The first step in project cost management is:
to plan how costs will be managed
The first step in the planning process is _____. to choose which projects to do and assigning resources to work on them to start defining potential IT projects in terms of their scope, benefits, and constraints to tie the information technology strategic plan to the organization's overall strategic plan to perform a business area analysis
to tie the information technology strategic plan to the organization's overall strategic plan
Analogous estimates are also known as _____ estimates.
top-down
The _____ approach for constructing a WBS involves refining the work into greater and greater levels of detail. analogy bottom-up top-down mind mapping
top-down
The _____ approach for constructing a WBS starts with the largest items of the project and breaks them into subordinate items. analogy bottom-up top-down mind mapping
top=down
A(n) _____ is done to test each individual component (often a program) to ensure that it is as defect-free as possible.
unit test
_____ involves formalizing acceptance of the project deliverables and during this phase the key project stakeholders, such as the customer and sponsor for the project, inspect and then formally accept the deliverables. Creating scope Defining scope Controlling scope Validating scope
validating scope
When an organization needs a new direction, the ________ leadership style is appropriate.
visionary
An example of push communication is _____.
voice mails
A(n) _____ is a Web site that enables anyone who accesses it to contribute or modify Web page content.
wiki
A(n) _____ is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines the total scope of the project. project charter business case project scope statement work breakdown structure
work breakdown structure
The _____ provides a basis for creating the project schedule and performing earned value management for measuring and forecasting project performance. scope statement cost management plan work breakdown structure project charter
work breakdown structure
A(n) ____ is a task at the lowest level of the WBS. variance objective deliverable work package
work package
A project's internal rate of return can be determined by finding what discount rate results in an NPV of _____ for the project. fifty percent a hundred percent one zero
zero
Which of the following is true of a matrix organizational structure? In a matrix organizational structure, employees are organized into departments according to their skills, and there is little interaction between employees from different departments. Project managers in matrix organizations have staff from only a single functional area working on their projects. In a strong matrix organizational structure, the project manager controls the project budget and has moderate to high authority. A matrix organizational structure is hierarchical, but instead of functional managers reporting to the CEO, program managers report to the CEO.
In a strong matrix organizational structure, the project manager controls the project budget and has moderate to high authority.
Which of the following is true of the agile approach to software development? In the agile method, requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration. An agile approach sets scope goals, but leaves time and cost goals flexible. Agile is a predictive model of software development. In the agile approach, requirements must be clearly expressed early in the life cycle.
In the agile method, requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration
Which of the following is true of push communication?
Information is sent to recipients without their request.
_____ are those costs that are difficult to measure in monetary terms.
Intangible costs
Which of the following statements is true of project management? It is a simple discipline with a limited scope. It has specific tools which work universally across all kinds of projects. It does not guarantee successes for all projects. Its framework consists solely of project management knowledge areas.
It does not guarantee successes for all projects.
Which of the following is true of a finsih-to-finish dependency?
It is a dependency in which the "from" activity must be finished before the "to" activity can be finished.
Which of the following is true of return on investment or ROI? It is always a percentage. It is the result of adding the project costs to the profits. It is always a positive number. The lower it is, the better.
It is always a percentage
Which of the following is true of earned value?
It is an estimate of the value of the physical work actually completed.
Which of the following is an output of schedule control?
Lessons-learned reports
_____ helps develop an accurate projection of a project's financial expenses and benefits.
Life cycle costing
Which of the following types of tools is usually recommended for small projects and single users? Low-end Midrange High-end Upper range
Low-end
_____ addresses the ease of performing maintenance on a product.
Maintainability
Which of the following reserves allows for future situations that are unpredictable?
Management reserves
Which of the following are organizational process assets? The organization's infrastructure Marketplace conditions Government standards Management systems
Management systems
One of the main outputs of the _____ process are the issue logs.
Managing stakeholder engagement
_____ includes measuring progress toward project objectives and taking corrective action to match progress with the plan. Planning Montioring and controlling Executing Initiating
Montioring and controlling
_____ analysis is a method of calculating the expected net monetary gain or loss from a project by discounting all expected future cash inflows and outflows to the present point in time. Net present value Cash flow Payback Cost of capital
Net present value
_____ refers to the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment. Means-ends orientation Open-systems focus Conflict tolerance Risk tolerance
Open-systems focus
_____ refers to a set of shared assumptions, values, and behaviors that characterize the functioning of an organization. Chain of command Line of control Organizational culture Organizational structure
Organizational culture
A network diagramming technique in which boxes represent activities is known as a(n) _____.
PDM
A difference between the Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) and critical path method (CPM) is that:
PERT uses different duration estimates whereas CPM uses one specific duration estimate.
Which of the following provides certification as a Project Management Professional? PMS PMC PMI PMP
PMI
_____ help users to identify the vital few contributors that account for most quality problems in a system.
Pareto charts
_____ states that work expands to fill the time allowed.
Parkinson's Law
Which of the following is most likely to be a reason for inaccuracies in information technology cost estimates?
People lack estimating experience.
_____ addresses how well a product or service performs the customer's intended use.
Performance
Which of the following is a proactive process undertaken to reduce the probability of negative consequences associated with project risks? Preventive actions Performance reports Defect repairs Corrective actions
Preventive actions
_____ correct(s) or prevent(s) further quality problems based on quality control measurements.
Process adjustments
____ describe what the project team has accomplished during a certain period.
Progress reports
_____ are a complete set of organized project records that provide an accurate history of the project.
Project archives
Which of the following documents is most likely to include planned project start and end dates which serve as the starting points for a detailed schedule?
Project charter
_____ includes the processes required to ensure that a project team completes a project within an approved budget.
Project cost management
Which of the following is one of the main outputs of estimating activity resources process?
Project documents update
_____ is the new knowledge area identified by the Project Management Institute.
Project stakeholder management
Which of the following is a difference between projects and operations? Projects are undertaken to sustain an organization's business whereas operations are not. Operations are undertaken to create unique products, services, or results whereas projects are not. Projects are temporary endeavors whereas an organization's operations are ongoing in nature. Operations have well-defined objectives whereas projects do not need to have a unique purpose.
Projects are temporary endeavors whereas an organization's operations are ongoing in nature.
The _____ model uses an approach in which developers work with an evolving prototype, using tools such as computer-aided software engineering, joint requirements planning, and joint application design to facilitate rapid prototyping and code generation. incremental build life cycle waterfall life cycle RAD life cycle spiral life cycle
RAD life cycle
A(n) _____ is a document used to solicit proposals from prospective suppliers.
RFP
A document used to solicit quotes or bids from prospective suppliers is known as a(n) _____.
RFQ
_____ is an iterative software development process that focuses on team productivity and delivers software best practices to all team members. Agile Unified Process Dynamic Systems Development Method Rational Unified Process Six Sigma
Rational Unified Process
According to Herzberg, which of the following is a motivational factor?
Recognition
_____ involves using incentives to induce people to do things.
Reward power
_____ refers to action taken to bring rejected items into compliance with product requirements or specifications or other stakeholder expectations.
Rework
_____ applies to positive risks when the project team cannot or chooses not to take any actions toward a risk.
Risk acceptance
_____ involves eliminating a specific threat, usually by eliminating its causes.
Risk avoidance
_____ involves changing the size of the opportunity by identifying and maximizing key drivers of the positive risk.
Risk enhancement
Which of the following is true about identifying stakeholder?
Stakeholders with indirect ties to the project need not be engaged with.
_____ involves choosing part of a population of interest for inspection.
Statistical sampling
____ describe where the project stands at a specific point in time.
Status reports
_____ address where the project stands in terms of meeting scope, time, and cost goals.
Status reports
_____ refers to a problem-solving approach that requires defining the scope of a system, dividing it into its components, and then identifying and evaluating its problems, opportunities, constraints, and needs. Linear programming Independent component analysis Principal component analysis Systems analysis
Systems analysis
The _____ presents subjects with a series of ambiguous pictures and asks them to develop a spontaneous story for each picture, assuming they will project their own needs into the story.
TAT
According to Lencioni, which of the following qualities is present in organizations that succeed?
Teamwork
Managers who follow _____ assume that the average worker wants to be directed and prefers to avoid responsibility.
Theory X
_____ emphasizes things such as job rotation, broadening of skills, generalization versus specialization, and the need for continuous training of workers.
Theory Z
Which of the following is true of contingency reserves?
They allow for future situations that can be partially planned for.
Which of the following is true of analogous estimates?
They are most reliable when previous projects are similar in fact with current projects.
Which of the following is true of bottom-up estimates?
They are time-intensive and expensive to develop.
Which of the following is true of tangible costs?
They can be easily measured
Which of the following is true of lump-sum contracts?
They involve a fixed total price for a well-defined product or service.
Which of the following is true of low-end tools of the project management software? They are designed for especially large projects with multiple users. Their main advantage is that they have unlimited functionality. They provide basic project management features. They are referred to as an enterprise project management software.
They provide basic project management features.
Which of the following is an output of the contract closure process?
Updates to organizational process assets
_____ is a process for identifying and modeling business events, who initiated them, and how the system should respond to them. Prototyping JAD RAD Use case modeling
Use case modeling
____ is an independent test performed by end users prior to accepting the delivered system.
User acceptance testing
Which of the following is an input of the process of controlling costs?
Work performance data
_____ are unplanned responses to risk events used when project teams do not have contingency plans in place.
Workarounds
An IT company revises its process parameters in response to complaints from vendors that products were not ready on time. This would be an example of _____. a corrective action a preventive action cost forecasting defect repairs
a corrective action
Which of the following is recommended for the creation of a good WBS? Any WBS item should be the responsibility of all the people working on it. A unit of work should appear at only one place in the WBS. Each WBS item should be created assuming that the requirements are inflexible. The work content of a WBS item is independent of the WBS items below it.
a unit of work should appear at only one place in the WBS
People with a high need for _____ seek to excel and tend to avoid both low-risk and high-risk situations to improve their chances for achieving something worthwhile.
achievement
Key outputs of _____ process are project staff assignments, resource calendars, and project management plan updates.
acquiring the project team
According to McClelland's acquired-needs theory, people with a high need for _____ desire harmonious relationships with other people and need to feel accepted by others.
affiliation
The project schedule information section of the project management plan includes ____. an elaborate timetable a detailed budget a directory of staff involved in the project a list of key deliverables
an elaborate timetable
One of Juran's ten steps to quality improvement states that:
an organization should build awareness of the need and opportunity for improvement.
In the _____approach for constructing a WBS, you use a similar project's WBS as a starting point. top-down bottom-up mind-mapping analogy
analogy
An important tool used in the _____ phase of the DMAIC process is the fishbone or Ishikawa diagram.
analyze
According to Thamhain and Wilemon, _____ is the legitimate hierarchical right to issue orders.
authority
A rough order of magnitude estimate can be referred to as a _____ estimate.
ballpark
Generating ideas by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products inside or outside the performing organization is known as _____. variance benchmarking prototyping decomposition
benchmarking
An example of pull communication is _____.
blogs
A similarity between the crashing technique and the fast tracking technique is that:
both can shorten the time needed to finish a project
A cost estimation tool which involves estimating individual work items or activities and summing them to get a project total is known as a(n) _____ estimate.
bottom-up
In the _____ approach, team members first identify as many specific tasks related to the project as possible and then aggregate the specific tasks and organize them into summary activities, or higher levels in the WBS. analogy bottom-up top-down mind mapping
bottom-up
A cost estimation tool which is used to allocate money into an organization's budget is known as a _____ estimate.
budgetary
In an AOA network diagram, _____ occur when two or more activities follow a single node.
bursts
The _____ stage of information technology planning outlines business processes that are central to achieving strategic goals and helps determine which ones could most benefit from information technology. business area analysis information technology strategy planning project planning resource allocation
business area analysis
Project procurement management mainly involves: making effective use of the people involved with the project. buying goods and services for a project from outside the performing organization. generating, collecting, disseminating, and storing project information. identifying and analyzing stakeholder needs while managing and controlling their engagement.
buying goods and services for a project from outside the performing organization.
A Gantt chart is a standard format for displaying project schedule information by listing project activities and their corresponding start and finish dates in a ____ format. pie chart line graph bar graph calendar
calendar
The cost performance index (CPI):
can be used to estimate the projected cost of completing the project.
Benefits minus costs is known as the _____. opportunity cost of capital cash flow cost of capital discount factor
cash flow
A(n) _____ is a formal, documented process that describes when and how official project documents may be modified, the people authorized to make modifications, and the paperwork required for these changes. project charter WBS performance report change control system
change control system
Administrative activities, such as archiving project files, closing out contracts, documenting lessons learned, and receiving formal acceptance of the delivered work as part of the phase or project, are often involved in _____ processes. monitoring and controlling executing initiating closing
closing
The _____ process involves gaining stakeholder and customer acceptance of the final products and services and bringing the project, or project phase, to an orderly end. executing closing planning monitoring
closing
E-mail communication is most suited for:
communicating routine information.
According to Blake and Mouton, project managers who use the _____ method use a give-and take-approach to resolving conflicts.
compromise
In project procurement management, the process of _____ involves obtaining seller responses, selecting sellers, and awarding contracts.
conducting procurements
A _____ is a graphic display of data that illustrates the results of a process over time.
control chart
In project time management, the process of_____ primarily involves checking and managing changes to the project schedule.
controlling the schedule
One of the main outputs of the _____ process is a cost baseline.
cost budgeting
The main goal of the _____ process is to produce a cost baseline for measuring project performance and project funding requirements.
cost budgeting
Work performance information and cost forecasts are main outputs of the _____ process.
cost control
Which of the following is an output of the process of controlling costs?
cost forecasts
A(n) _____ is a diagramming analysis technique used to help select the best course of action in situations in which future outcomes are uncertain.
decision tree
The main technique used in creating a WBS is _____, which involves subdividing project deliverables into smaller pieces. conglomeration accumulation decomposition catalyzation
decomposition
A(n) _____ is any instance where the product or service fails to meet customer requirements.
defect
The bottom four needs in Maslow's structure are referred to as _____ needs.
deficiency
A(n) _____ refers to a product or service, such as a technical report, a training session, a piece of hardware, or a segment of software code, produced or provided as part of a project. deliverable input system resource
deliverable
Recognizing an employee as the "Star Performer of the Month" would be satisfying the _____ need of the Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
esteem
After working with key stakeholders to define activities and calculate their resources, the next process in project time management is to:
estimate the duration of activities.
Examples of _____ processes include acquiring and developing the project team, performing quality assurance, distributing information, managing stakeholder expectations, and conducting procurements. monitoring and controlling executing planning initiating
executing
In project procurement management, the process of conducting procurements is part of the _____ process.
executing
Managing communications is part of the _____ process of the project communication management.
executing
Performing quality assurance is a subprocess of the _____ process of project quality management.
executing
The stakeholder register is the output of the _____ process of project stakeholder management.
executing
In Rizzati Corp, vice presidents in departments such as engineering, manufacturing, IT, and human resources report directly to the chief executive officer and undertake their tasks independently of each other. The staffs of these departments have specialized skills in their respective disciplines.Rizatti Corp can be said to have a _____ organizational structure. project symbolic matrix functional
functional
The highest level of needs in Maslow's structure is referred to as a _____ need.
growth
The project team must take corrective action if stakeholders with _____ are categorized as resistant or unaware.
high interest and high power
The _____ frame of an organization focuses on providing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of people. structural human resources political symbolic
human resources
In the _____ phase, the project team creates a definitive or very accurate cost estimate, delivers the required work, and provides performance reports to stakeholders. development implementation concept close-out
implementation
The _____ model of a systems development life cycle provides for progressive development of operational software, with each release providing added capabilities. spiral life cycle RAD life cycle waterfall life cycle incremental build life cycle
incremental build life cycle
The capacity to understand the motivations, intentions and desires of others is
interpersonal intelligence
A(n) _____ is a tool used to document, monitor, and track problems that need resolution.
issue log
A drawback of outsourcing is that:
it can make an organization become overly dependent on particular suppliers.
The _____ for an activity is the latest possible time an activity might begin without delaying the project finish date.
late start date
Doctors who have been co-opted to actively participate in a project related to using information technology for chronic health problems would be examples of _____ stakeholders.
leading
The items discussed in a(n) _____ include reflections on whether project goals were met, whether the project was successful or not, the causes of variances on the project, the reasoning behind corrective actions chosen, the use of different project management tools and techniques, and personal words of wisdom based on team members' experiences.
lessons-learned report
The critical path is the _____ path through a network diagram, and it represents the _____ amount of slack or float.
longest; shortest
The process of controlling costs primarily involves:
managing changes to the project budget.
According to the guidelines provided by Practical Communications, Inc., a(n) _____ is the most appropriate medium for giving complex instructions.
meeting
According to the guidelines provided by Practical Communications, Inc., a(n) _____ is the most inappropriate medium for addressing negative behavior.
meeting
A _____ is a standard of measurement in quality management.
metric
The _____ technique for creating a WBS uses branches radiating from a core idea to structure thoughts and ideas instead of writing down tasks in a list or immediately trying to create a structure for tasks. analogy bottom-up top-down mind mapping
mind mapping
The outputs of the _____ process include change request status updates, project management plan updates, and project document updates. initiating executing monitoring and controlling planning
monitoring and controlling
Validated changes and validated deliverables are the outputs of the _____ subprocess of project quality management.
monitoring and controlling
The formula to determine the number of communication channels is _____, where n is the number of people involved.
n (n-1)/2
A ____ is a bell-shaped curve that is symmetrical regarding the average value of the population (the data being analyzed).
normal distribution
The _____ characteristic of organizational culture describes the degree to which management's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on people within the organization. member identity group emphasis people focus unit integration
people focus
In the Tuckman model, _____ occurs when the emphasis is on reaching the team goals, rather than working on team process.
performing
At the bottom of Maslow's structure are _____ needs.
physiological
The budget is one of the three values of earned value management and is also known as _____.
planned value
Creating the WBS is a subprocess associated with the _____ process in project scope management. planning monitoring and controlling closing executing
planning
Identifying risks is a subprocess of the _____ process of project risk management.
planning
Performing qualitative and quantitative risk analyses are subprocesses of the _____ process of project risk management.
planning
The procurement statements of work are an output of the _____ process of project procurement management.
planning
The output of the _____ process is a communications management plan.
planning communications
In a _____organizational structure, program managers, rather than functional managers or vice presidents, report to the CEO. Their staffs have a variety of skills needed to complete all required tasks within their programs. project symbolic matrix functional
project
Project managers have the most authority in a pure _____ organizational structure. functional project matrix circular
project
A _____ is a document that recognizes the existence of a project and provides direction on the project's objectives and management. directive project charter risk register stakeholder register
project charter
A draft schedule for a project is most likely to be found in a _____.
project charter
A _____ is a document used to coordinate all project planning documents and help guide a project's execution and control. business case statement of work scope statement project management plan
project management plan
Developing a _____ is a planning process that occurs in the Project Integration Management knowledge area. schedule management plan project management plan WBS quality management
project management plan
In project time management, a(n) _____ is an output of controlling the schedule
project management plan update
In the _____ stage of selecting information technology projects, organizations define project scope, benefits, and constraints. resource allocation business area analysis project planning information technology strategy planning
project planning
A _____ is a technique used to show the effects of changing one or more variables on an outcome.
sensitivity analysis
Taking time to renew oneself physically, spiritually, mentally and socially is
sharpening the saw
The _____ is a measure of quality control equal to 1 fault in 1 million opportunities problems.
six 9s of quality rule
The process of choosing suppliers or sellers is known as _____.
source selection
The improvement of the product and process in the Scrum method is discussed at the _____. sprint review meeting sprint burndown chart kick-off meeting daily Scrum meeting
sprint review meeting
After identifying and analyzing stakeholders, the project manager and team should develop a(n) ______ to help them effectively engage stakeholders and make sure that good decisions are made throughout the life of the project.
stakeholder management plan
The _____ line for any e-mail messages you write should clearly state the intention of the e-mail.
subject
Good Earth, a company manufacturing packaged food products, sets up its stores in Baltonia. However, a year later, the company closes the store down due to high operating costs. In such a scenario, the money spent in paying for the rent of the store in Baltonia would be an example of _____ costs.
sunk
The _____ section of the project management plan describes specific methodologies a project might use and explains how to document information. project controls technical processes management objectives risk management
technical processes
Which of the following best describes a kill point in the project life cycle? The period of time given to managers during the feasibility phases to decide on the cost, quality, and time constraints for the project A review of the status of a project at each phase of development to determine if it should be continued, redirected, or terminated The point of time in the project lifecycle after which it is impossible to terminate a running project The final submission of the project deliverables after which the project is terminated
A review of the status of a project at each phase of development to determine if it should be continued, redirected, or terminated
_____ are an example of external stakeholders for an organization. Top managers Functional managers Employees Competitors
Competitors
_____ are an output of the executing process of project integration management. Deliverables Issue logs Resource calendars Enterprise environmental factor updates
Deliverables
Which of the following tools are most likely to be used in project time management? Payback analysis Impact matrices Gantt charts Fishbone diagrams
Gantt charts
_____ processes include defining and authorizing a project or project phase. Initiating Planning Executing Monitoring and controlling
Initiating
Which of the following tools can best help in efficient communication management? Kick-off meetings Impact matrices Requests for quotes Fast tracking
Kick-off meetings
A _____ is an organizational group responsible for coordinating the project management function throughout an organization. Project Management Office Project Management Professional Project Management Center Portfolio Group
Project Management Office
Which of the following is true of projects? They have an indefinite beginning and end. They have a unique purpose. They are developed using regressive elaboration. They are permanent in nature.
They have a unique purpose.
Which of the following best defines the role of leaders? They focus on short-term objectives. They work on achieving primarily tactical goals. They work solely toward day-to-day details of meeting specific tasks. They inspire people to reach goals.
They inspire people to reach goals.
_____refers to the degree to which departments within an organization are encouraged to coordinate with each other. Member identity People focus Group emphasis Unit integration
Unit integration
An important tool for project scope management is _____. fast tracking crashing a Gantt chart a work breakdown structure
a work breakdown structure
Which of the following questions reflect the strategic goals of project portfolio management? Are we carrying out projects well? Are projects on time and on budget? Are we investing in the right areas? Do stakeholders know what they should be doing?
are we investing in the right areas?
A _____ is an important Scrum artifact used to graphically display progress on each sprint during the monitoring and controlling process. WBS sprint backlog burndown chart product backlog
burndown chart
Project managers have the least amount of authority in a pure _____ organizational structure. functional project matrix circular
functional
In a _____ organizational structure, personnel often report to both a functional manager and one or more project managers. project symbolic matrix functional
matrix
The role of a _____ is to provide direction and funding for a project. project sponsor project manager support staff member project team
project sponsor
Project _____ management ensures that the project will satisfy the stated or implied needs for which it was undertaken. cost time risk quality
quality
Project _____ management involves defining and managing all the work required to complete the project successfully. human resource scope time cost
scope
A difference between strategic and tactical goals is that: strategic goals are more specific than tactical goals. tactical goals encompass broader dimensions than strategic goals. tactical goals are more important for a project than strategic goals. strategic goals are long-term in nature whereas tactical goals are short-term.
strategic goals are long-term in nature whereas tactical goals are short-term.
The _____ perspective of an organization focuses on different groups' roles and responsibilities in order to meet the goals and policies set by top management. structural frame human resources frame political frame symbolic frame
structural frame
Grey's Infotech sells customized hardware and software solutions for businesses. The salespeople for Grey's have a strict dress code when meeting clients. They are required to wear dark business suits, in order to convey the company's dedication to quality. The meaning conveyed to the clients' through the salespeople's clothing is part of the _____ frame of the organization. political symbolic structural human resources
symbolic
A _____ is usually not necessary to the Scrum method. team contract velocity estimate Gantt chart product backlog
team contract
In organizational culture, people focus refers to _____. the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee and control employee behavior the degree to which management's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on employees within the organization the degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seeking
the degree to which management's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on employees within the organization
In the development phase of the project life cycle: the project team creates more detailed project plans, a more accurate cost estimate, and a more thorough WBS. the project team delivers the required work, and provides performance reports to stakeholders. managers develop a business case, which describes the need for the project and basic underlying concepts. managers prepare a preliminary or rough cost estimate for the required work.
the project team creates more detailed project plans, a more accurate cost estimate, and a more thorough WBS.
Fast tracking is an example of a tool used in _____ management. time quality communication risk
time
The _____ model of a systems development life cycle assumes that requirements will remain stable after they are defined. spiral life cycle waterfall life cycle incremental build life cycle RAD life cycle
waterfall life cycle
Which of the following is a difference between low-end and midrange tools of the project management software? Low-end tools are designed to handle primarily multiple users whereas midrange tools are created to handle single users. Low-end tools provide robust capabilities to handle dispersed workgroups whereas midrange tools do not. Midrange tools provide basic project management features whereas low-end tools offer enterprise and portfolio management functions. Midrange tools are designed to handle larger projects than low-end tools.
Midrange tools are designed to handle larger projects than low-end tools.
A _____ is a tool used in quality management. probability matrice checklist request for proposal critical path analysis
checklist
