cis ch 5
Processing of business transactions online as soon as they occur.
Online transaction processing (OLTP)
The identifier field or attribute that uniquely identifies a record.
Primary Key
Which of the following problems do organizations face when managing data?
Processing and analyzing the data that are being stored Collecting the vast amounts of data that are being generated Storing the data that are being collected
The relationship between Student and Parking Permit is mandatory 1:1 because each student may have only one parking permit.
True
Each characteristic or quality describing a particular entity.
attribute
Getting employees to share their work experience builds____ knowledge, which is needed to develop a KMS in an organization.
tacit
Which type of knowledge depends on employees' willingness to transfer it?
tacit
The cumulative store of subjective or experiential learning, which is highly personal and hard to formalize.
tatic knowledge
The most effective and efficient ways to do things.
Best practices
Diverse, high-volume, high-velocity information assets that require new forms of processing to enable enhanced decision making, insight discovery, and process optimization.
Big data
A binary digit—that is, a 0 or a 1.
Bit
Which of the following is not a type of Big Data? Traditional enterprise data Sensor data Social data Images
All of the above
In a relational database, the customer record contains information regarding the customer's last name. The last name is a(n):
Attribute
Data collected about user behavior and browsing patterns by monitoring users' activities when they visit a Web site.
Clickstream data
When customers access a Web site and make purchases, they generate ______.
Clickstream data
Managing the security and access of a database is the job of a(n)
DBMS
It is very difficult to manage data for which of the following reasons?
Data are scattered throughout organizations
Transferring data to a new storage device could prevent which problem?
Data cannot be retrieved from an old device
Collection of definitions of data elements; data characteristics that use the data elements; and the individuals, business functions, applications, and reports that use this data element.
Data dictionary
An approach to managing information across an entire organization.
Data governance
Data subject to constraints is an example of:
Data integrity
Big Data is the same thing as huge amounts of structured data in organizational databases.
False
Data in a data warehouse are organized by business process, where data in corporate databases are organized by subject.
False
Managing data is difficult because data is stored in one place in an organization, its database.
False
The IT department is solely responsible for the quality of the data in the data warehouse.
False
The MIS department is solely responsible for the organization's ER diagrams.
False
When data are normalized, attributes in the table depend on the primary key and the secondary key.
False
A grouping of logically related records.
File
One field that uniquely identifies an entity or a record is:
File
Data redundancy refers to:
Having copies of the same data in multiple locations.
One characteristic of Big Data is that it focuses on algorithms instead of ______ to make decisions.
Humans
Attributes that are unique to an entity instance.
Identifiers
An entity is different from a record because it is a(n) ____ way of designing the information for the database.
Intangible
A process that helps organizations identify, select, organize, disseminate, transfer, and apply information and expertise that are part of the organization's memory and that typically reside within the organization in an unstructured manner.
Knowledge Management
Information technologies used to systematize, enhance, and expedite intra- and interfirm knowledge management.
Knowledge management systems (KMSs)
A set of core data, such as customer, product, employee, vendor, geographic location, and so on, that spans an enterprise's information systems.
Master Data
A process that provides companies with the ability to store, maintain, exchange, and synchronize a consistent, accurate, and timely "single version of the truth" for the company's core master data.
Master data management
An international financial research firm wishes to capture old financial market data from the past few decades in a database. Some of the data is missing and not well structured. This type of data is better handled by a(n)
NoSQL
Databases that can manipulate structured as well as unstructured data and inconsistent or missing data; are useful when working with Big Data.
NoSQL databases
a standardized language used to manipulate data is ____. MS-Access Oracle Query-by-example language
None of these
A method for analyzing and reducing a relational database to its most streamlined form for minimum redundancy, maximum data integrity, and best processing performance
Normalization
___ is a method for analyzing and reducing a relational database to its most streamlined form.
Normalization
The most common method for storing data in a data warehouse is:
One central data warehouse
data dictionaries perform all of the following functions except:
Providing information on each record
A group of logically related fields is a(n):
Record
Each ___ in a relational database is a record.
Row
An identifier field or attribute that has some identifying information but typically does not identify the file with complete accuracy.
Secondary key
The ETL process is now typically called data integration.
True
A grouping of logically related records (see data file).
Table
Which statement becomes true as the amount of data increases?
The data becomes harder to manage
The IT infrastructure needed for you to register online for next semester would be considered to be explicit knowledge.
True
The most common source system for a company's data warehouse is its corporate operational databases.
True
The term "data rot" refers to
The deterioration of the medium on which the data are stored.
In the preceding example, "Robert Jones" is an example of:
Transaction data
A data warehouse is a repository of historical data that are organized by subject to support decision makers in the organization.
True
A/B experiments are so-named because there are only two possible outcomes for each experiment.
True
After you have taken a particular course, your insights on how to do well in that course would be considered to be tacit knowledge.
True
Companies often have to clean up the data before it can be imported into the data warehouse.
True
Data updates in a data warehouse are performed by the MIS department, not the users.
True
ER diagrams consist of entities, attributes, and relationships.
True
Governance of a data warehouse must be a collaboration between business users and IT personnel.
True
In an ER diagram, relationships are expressed as diamonds and entities are expressed as boxes.
True
NoSQL databases can manage more different types of data than a traditional relational database.
True
Normalization typically improves processing performance.
True
One of the attributes in a record must be a primary key.
True
Organizational databases access one record at a time, where data warehouses access groups of related records.
True
Place the following members of the data hierarchy in the correct order:
bit - byte- field-record-database
A group of eight bits that represents a single character.
byte
What is one of the problems with Big Data?
collecting the data
Compared to data warehouses, data marts have which one of the following characteristics?
cost less
An employee observes his co-worker programming SQL statements to query the university's database. His query will use many variables to retrieve a student's records. The employee thinks that the database will run too slowly as more university employee need to use it. To improve the situation, he might suggest that his co-worker
create a form template into which users can enter all search data.
The first step in a knowledge management system cycle is to
create knowledge
Customer data degradation is the inability to manage data because of
customers changing their addresses
A collection of logically related records (see table).
data File
The management of data across the entire organization is most accurately defined as:
data governance
A low-cost, scaled-down version of a data warehouse that is designed for the end-user needs in a strategic business unit (SBU) or a department.
data mart
Definition of the way data in a DBMS are conceptually structured.
data model
A repository of historical data that are organized by subject to support decision makers in the organization.
data warehouse
Historical data is stored in a
data warehouse
A group of logically related files that stores data and the associations among them.
database
The software program (or group of programs) that provides access to a database.
database management system (DBMS)
Operational data that are constantly updated are stored in:
databases
a data model is the diagrammatic representation of a database that clearly defines a database's ___, ____, and ____.
entities, attributes, relationships
A person, place, thing, or event about which information is maintained in a record.
entity
Groupings of entities of a given type.
entity classes
Document that shows data entities and attributes and relationships among them.
entity-relationship (ER) model
The process of designing a database by organizing data entities to be used and identifying the relationships among them.
entity-relationship (ER) modeling
The more objective, rational, and technical types of knowledge.
explicit knowledge
A grouping of logically related characters into a word, a small group of words, or a complete number.
field
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act was created to force companies to disclose what type of information?
financial
Data governance manages
information access
A particular entity within an entity class.
instance
Other terms for knowledge
intellectual capital (or intellectual assets)
Data __________ prevents data from being used by more than one application.
isolation
Storing data in a database minimizes the risk of what scenario for the data?
isolation
How is an attribute used in a relational database?
it stores information about entities stored in the database
Why is metadata important?
it tells about the data stored in data warehouse
Companies transform data in order to
make it more useful
Data integrity deals with
meeting system constraints with the data
Storage of data in more than two dimensions; a common representation is the data cube.
multidimensional structure
A database becomes unsearchable when
neither a primary key nor a secondary key exist
What type of data depends on the primary key as its only attribute in the data table?
normalized data
explicit knowledge has which of the following characteristics?
objective
Explicit knowledge is
procedural
which of the following is an example of explicit knowledge?
procedural guides
Database language that enables the user to fill out a grid (form) to construct a sample or description of the data wanted.
query by example (QBM)
A grouping of logically related fields; describes an entity.
record
Relational databases are based on what type of structure?
related tables
Data model based on the simple concept of tables in order to capitalize on characteristics of rows and columns of data.
relational database model
Normalization of a relational database involves what process?
streamlining
A standardized language used to manipulate data is ____.
structured query language
Popular relational database language that enables users to perform complicated searches with relatively simple instructions.
structured query language (SQL)
What does OLAP involve?
the analysis of accumulated data by users
the data in a data warehouse have which of the following characteristics?
the are organized by subject
Which of the following statements is true about data warehouses?
the use of a warehouse does not degrade the database's performance
Which statement is characteristic of a data mart?
they are primarily used by smaller companies
the most important benefit of knowledge management systems is:
they make best practices available to employees
Using a KMS to capture the expertise of an organization's human resources can make it easier to handle
turnover
In a database, the primary key field is used to _____.
uniquely identify a record
In a database, quick comparison across rows and columns is achieved by
using tables
An online retailer can gain a competitive advantage by utilizing what characteristic of Big Data?
velocity