civics topic for reviewiwiwiw

Anti-Federalist Papers; Federalist No. 51

Federalist No. 51 addresses means by which appropriate checks and balances can be created in government and also advocates a separation of powers within the national government.

Preamble

Introduction to the Constitution

Compare and Contrast Federal government with State government

It gave power to both the Federal Government and the state governments.

Constitutional Convention

Meeting in 1787 of the elected representatives of the thirteen original states to write the Constitution of the United States.

articles

Numbered sections of a document

citizenship obligations

Obeying the law. Every U.S. citizen must obey federal, state and local laws, and pay the penalties that can be incurred when a law is broken.

Shay's Rebellion

Rebellion led by Daniel Shays of farmers in western Massachusetts in 1786-1787, protesting mortgage foreclosures. It highlighted the need for a strong national government just as the call for the Constitutional Convention went out.

constitution

A document which spells out the principles by which a government runs and the fundamental laws that govern a society

Limited Government

A principle of constitutional government; a government whose powers are defined and limited by a constitution.

Checks and Balances

A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power

Articles of Confederation

A weak constitution that governed America during the Revolutionary War.

French and Indian War

(1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won.

magna carta

the royal charter of political rights given to rebellious English barons by King John in 1215

27 amendments to the Constitution

Amendment 1 Freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly, and petition. Amendment 2 Right to bear arms. Amendment 3 Citizens do not have to house soldiers. Amendment 4 No unreasonable search or arrest. Amendment 5 No double jeopardy or no witness against yourself. Amendment 6 Rights of accused in criminal cases. Amendment 7 Trial by jury. Amendment 8 No excessive bail or cruel punishment. Amendment 9 People get rights not listed in Constitution. Amendment 10 Any rights not given to federal government are given to the states and people. Amendment 11 Individual cannot sue a state in a federal court. Amendment 12 Separate ballots for President and Vice President. Amendment 13 Abolish slavery. Amendment 14 If you are born or naturalized in the U.S. then you are a citizen of the U.S. Amendment 15 You cannot prevent a person from voting because of race, color, or creed. Amendment 16 Income tax. Amendment 17 Popular election of U.S. Senators. Amendment 18 Prohibition. Amendment 19 Women get the right to vote. Amendment 20 President takes office on January 20th instead of March 4th. Amendment 21 Repeal prohibition. Amendment 22 President can only serve two terms. Amendment 23 Washington D.C. residents can vote for president. Amendment 24 Anti poll tax. Amendment 25 How president turns duties over to V.P. due to illness. Amendment 26 18 year olds get to vote. Amendment 27 Congress cannot accept a pay raise until next term.

Elastic Clause

Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution, which allows Congress to make all laws that are "necessary and proper" to carry out the powers of the Constitution.

compare and contrast the articles of confederation with the U.S. constitution

Articles of Confederation and the US constitution have much in common though they also have some differences. ... In both, the laws are made by the legislature, whereby the articles of confederation have only one house which is referred to as Congress, and the constitution has got two houses.

Tyranny

Cruel and oppressive government or rule

Compare and Contrast Federalist views with Anti-Federalist views

The Federalists felt that this addition wasn't necessary, because they believed that the Constitution as it stood only limited the government not the people. The Anti- Federalists claimed the Constitution gave the central government too much power, and without a Bill of Rights the people would be at risk of oppression.

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the Constitution

self-government

The right of people to rule themselves independently

alien

a citizen of another country; foreign, strange

immigrant

a person who comes to a country where they were not born in order to settle there

law of blood

at least one of your parents was a US citizen when you were born

thomas paine

common sense

seperation of powers

dividing the powers of government among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches

Limited Monarchy

government in which a constitution or legislative body limits the monarch's powers

Anti-Federalists

people who opposed the Constitution

Rule of Law

principle that the law applies to everyone, even those who govern

1776 Virginia Declaration of

rights

Montesquieu

separation of powers

john locke

social contract

resident

someone who lives in a particular place

Federalists

supporters of the Constitution

Declaration of Independence

the document recording the proclamation of the second Continental Congress (4 July 1776) asserting the independence of the colonies from Great Britain

Naturalization Process

the legal process by which citizens of one country become citizens of another

law of soil

the principle that a person's nationality at birth is determined by the territory within which he or she was born