Exam 1
Which scholar of rhetoric helped divide the process of preparing a speech into five parts?
Cicero
According to elocutionists, speechmaking should be natural and without artifice
False
Addressing issues only from the speaker's point of view is a way for speakers to avoid ethnocentrism.
False
Audiences are more engaged with speakers that remain still while giving a speech
False
Copyright laws are designed to protect the public domain.
False
Generally, people only pay attention to speakers they agree with.
False
Impromptu speeches are the only type of speech that should wander off-topic a bit.
False
It is best to use a key-word outline for speeches that contain highly technical information.
False
Manuscript delivery is not advisable even when you must convey a very precise message.
False
Using terms that are unique to another culture to win audience support is a characteristic of cultural intelligence.
False
When listening to a speaker of a different culture, the listener can't help but tune out if the speaker has an accent, awkward grammatical phrases, and word choice.
False
In order to actively listen, it can be helpful to do which of these?
Identify your listening needs.
What is a rhetorical situation?
a circumstance that calls for a public response
As a general rule, how many times should you practice delivering your speech?
about six times
Which step in the speechmaking process requires the speaker to study potential listeners using strategies like interviewing or surveying?
analyzing the audience
In the process of outlining your speech, when do you begin keeping track of where you need to credit a source?
as you are creating your working outline
When an audience interprets and assigns meaning to a speaker's message, that process is referred to as
decoding
Which type of listener disregards what the speaker has to say or prematurely decides that he or she won't like what the speaker has to say?
defensive
What are transitions, pauses, vocal changes, and presentation aids examples of?
delivery cues
Choosing to give a speech that informs, persuades, or that marks a special occasion means that the speaker is
determining the general speech purpose.
What does a working outline enable you to do?
develop supporting points
Which type of communication requires listeners to practice empathy and speakers to practice collaboration?
dialogic
When a speaker makes audience members feel worthy and honored, the speaker is using which rule for ethical speaking?
dignity
Composing, organizing, and making a message is called
encoding
Public speaking skills can help you enter the public conversation about issues that matter to you, making you a(n)
engaged citizen
One way to gain confidence in public speaking is to
enjoy it
The ancient Greeks referred to a speech that was delivered on a special occasion, such as a wedding, as
epideictic oratory
Speakers who act as if everyone shares their point of view and points of reference are engaging in
ethnocentrism
The Greek word for "character" is
ethos
Which type of speech focuses on communicating ideas from an outline of key words and phrases, rather than from an exact, prepared message?
extemporaneous
Which method of speech delivery is most conducive to achieving a conversational style?
extemporaneous speaking
Which is an internal listening distraction?
fatigue
What is the verbal or nonverbal listener response to a message?
feedback
In the moments before, during, and after a speech, a rise in heart rate and breathing, dry mouth, faintness, freezing up, or other uncomfortable sensations are often the result of a
fight or flight response
What method of public speaking have corrupt leaders such as Hitler used to manipulate their listeners?
forceful delivery
In order to avoid plagiarism in a speech, a speaker must
give oral credit to any sources that require written credit.
Adjusting to and maintaining respect for all types of speakers is a sign of
good listening.
Researchers have found that source credibility is based on a speaker's
grasp of the subject, sound reasoning, and honesty.
Which is a characteristic of positive ethos?
having a good moral character
Which often contributes to public speaking anxiety (PSA)?
having high levels of trait anxiety
The purpose of a presentation aid is to
help your audience better understand your points
Which would be considered a benefit of moving around as you deliver your speech?
holds your audience's attention
If your teacher asks for your opinion on a topic in class, your answer is considered a(n)
impromptu answer
What type of listening distractions include daydreaming or distress over an argument?
internal
Which canon of rhetoric deals with the discovery of evidence and constructing arguments?
invention
Which kind of outline is least conspicuous to the audience?
key-word
Which outline allows greater freedom of movement and eye contact during the speech?
key-word
Which outline would be least helpful to a speaker who has forgotten what they plan to say next during a speech?
key-word
What are the primary ideas or key arguments that make claims in support of the thesis of your speech?
main points
The following quote best represents which step for dealing with anxiety? "Just before a speech, those feelings of anxiety undoubtedly try to sneak in. . . As long as I keep positive thoughts of confidence in my head, anxiety doesn't stand a chance!"
modifying thoughts and attitudes
In successful communication, including public speaking, listeners and speakers are
mutually dependent
Interference or barriers to the communication process are known as
noise
Which skill does employers consider to be the most important, above all others, among potential new hires?
oral communication
For the ancient Greeks, a necessary tool for settling arguments, determining public policy, and establishing laws was
oratory
Which is a form of speech that requires the speaker to commit words to memory?
oratory
Which action provides the framework upon which to arrange the elements of your speech in support of your thesis?
outlining the speech
This quote best illustrates which stage of public speaking anxiety? "Anxiety does not really hit me until the few minutes left right before I speak."
performance anxiety
Which outline is most appropriate when the speaker is familiar enough with the speech that a glance at a few words associated with each point will serve as a reminder of what to say?
phrase
When a speaker uses another person's information without citing their sources, he or she is
plagiarizing
Individuals whose public speaking anxiety begins during rehearsal, when the reality of the situation sets in, are experiencing
pre-performance anxiety
The first step to achieving confidence in public speaking should be
preparing and practicing
In order to ensure that your audience is paying attention to your message and not to your behavior,
project a sense of confidence
Which type of communication is unique in that the speaker, with little interruption, delivers a message with a specific purpose to an audience of people who are present?
public speaking
Stress-control breathing and meditation are examples of
relaxation techniques
Which ethical system dictates that it is our duty to do what is inherently right?
rules-based ethics
Using declarative statements means you're writing a(n)
sentence outline.
What is the mutual understanding of a message between a speaker and audience called?
shared meaning
In order to build a positive relationship with your audience, maintain eye contact and a friendly tone. These strategies ensure that your presentation
shows concern for audience members
Which method of delivery makes it hardest to maintain eye contact?
speaking from manuscript
Which form of speaking rarely occurs in the United States anymore, though this form of delivery is common in other parts of the world?
speaking from memory
The statement, " . . . to inform my audience about the reasons to start a retirement fund," is an example of a speech's
specific speech purpose
People are more likely to pay attention to information if it
strikes them as important.
An ethical speaker does an analysis of
the audience's values.
Pre-preparation anxiety usually sets in at which point?
the moment a speech is assigned
What part of the speechmaking process identifies the speech's central idea?
thesis statemen
What is the function of comprehensive listening?
to gain understanding
To ensure that your speech flows smoothly from one thought to another among and within the coordinate points of your outline, use
transition statements.
As you plan your speech, anticipate that audience members will hold a range of judgments or standards of what's good and bad in life and of what's important to them, which are also known as
values
Which attitude toward public speaking can increase a speaker's confidence?
viewing feedback as a learning opportunity
Which technique should a speaker use to summon feelings and actions consistent with successful performance?
visualization
While developing a speech, a speaker will create both a
working outline and a speaking outline.
When developing a working outline, it is recommended that you do which of the following?
Separate the introduction and conclusion from the body.
The ability to look for flaws in arguments and resist claims that have no supporting evidence is called
critical thinking
Which statement is a form of compassionate constructive criticism?
"I wanted to hear more about the reasons behind the increasing rent prices.""I would have liked more visuals.""I just couldn't get into your topic."
Which famous philosopher and rhetorician spoke about the unethical use of public speaking?
Plato
Which should occur first when creating a working outline?
Prepare the body of the speech.
A critical thinker should recognize that there are multiple perspectives to every argument.
True
It is important to select an appropriate speaking outline format because it will affect the delivery of your speech.
True
Observing or listening to a recording of your speech may help public speaking seem less scary.
True
Our right to speak freely is limited by types of speech that are considered illegal, including "fighting words."
True
Using animated facial expressions is an effective way to deliver a speech.
True
The illusion of transparency is associated with which reason for public speaking anxiety (PSA)?
being the center of attention
Acknowledging your sources of information during a speech
can help demonstrate your trustworthiness
Redirecting your thought processes to think in a more positive way about something that makes you anxious is called
cognitive restructuring
Listening is defined as a(n)
conscious act of recognizing, understanding, and interpreting messages.
Anything that influences both the speaker and the audience would be considered the
context
James Albert Winans states that public speaking is nothing more than an extension of
conversation
Which is a form of plagiarism?
copying and rearranging words from a source as if they were one's own
The final step in the outline process, which communicates the essence of the speech and invites the audience to listen, is
creating a title.