CIW Exam Review

What You See Is What You Get (WYSIWYG)

(pronounced whiz-ee-wig) A user-friendly editing format in which the file being edited is displayed as it will appear in the browser.

Image Map

A Web page image with clickable regions that are defined as "hot spot" hyperlinks to other pages or page sections.

Troll

A Web user who publishes negative comments or submits feedback simply to annoy or anger.

Hexadecimal

A base-16 number system that uses sixteen distinct symbols 0-9 and A-F to represent numbers from 0 to 15.

site map

A brief, hierarchical representation of a Web site that enables visitors to quickly identify areas of the site and navigate to them.

Web 2.0

A concept referring to the changing trends in the use of WWW technology and Web design that have led to the development of information-sharing and collaboration capabilities.

Web feed

A data format for delivering Web content that is updated frequently.

Document Type Declaration

A declaration of document or code type embedded within an HTML, XHTML, XML or SGML document; identifies the version and markup language used. Denoted by the <!DOCTYPE> declaration at the beginning of the document.

application cache

A directory on a computer where applications, such as Internet apps, can be stored and run without access to the original application.

Captcha

A distorted image of letters and numbers used to prevent automated use of websites

Request for Comments (RFC)

A document published by the IETF that details information about standardized Internet protocols and those in various development stages.

fixed-width font

A font in which every character, including the space character, has equal width. In proportional-width fonts, letters such as I and J have less width than M or B.

Sans-serif

A font style that does not use decorative strokes at the tips of characters. Includes the Arial font family.

Serif

A font style that uses characters with small decorative additions at the outermost points of the characters, called strokes. Includes the Times and Times New Roman fonts.

Metalanguage

A language used for defining other languages.

Structured Query Language (SQL)

A language used to create and manipulate databases.

block-level element

A markup element that affects at least an entire paragraph.

text-level element

A markup element that affects single characters or words.

Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)

A metalanguage used to create other languages, including HTML and XHTML.

Common Gateway Interface (CGI)

A program that processes data submitted by the user. Allows a Web server to pass control to a software application, based on user request. The application receives and organizes data, then returns it in a consistent format.

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

A program that provides visual navigation with menus and screen icons, and performs automated functions when users click command buttons.

smalltalk

A programming language that pioneered object-oriented programming. Not popularly used in Web development.

Ajax

A programming methodology that uses a number of existing technologies together and enables Web applications to make incremental updates to the user interface without the need to reload the browser page.

Transport Layer Security (TLS)

A protocol based on SSL 3.0 that provides authentication and encryption, used by most servers for secure exchanges over the Internet.

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)

A protocol for managing the security of message transmissions on the Internet.

Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)

A protocol that enables operating systems to map file name extensions to corresponding applications. Also used by applications to automatically process files downloaded from the Internet.

trouble ticket

A record of a problem related to a service provided by an ISP or cloud service provider. Used to record receipt of a complaint and track resolution of the problem.

Markup Language

A series of commands used to format, organize and describe information on a Web page.

Document Type Definition (DTD)

A set of rules contained in a simple text file that defines the structure, syntax and vocabulary as it relates to tags and attributes for a corresponding document.

Web application framework

A set of software tools or code that is commonly used in the creation and management of online applications.

Emulator

A simulator that imitates a program or events.

Uniform Resource Name (URN)

A subset of URI that has a unique name and does not include a protocol; Ex. ISBN number which is used to uniquely identify a book

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

A subset of URI that includes location as well as the protocol to retrieve the resource on the Internet.

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)

A technology that allows greater style definition and formatting control of HTML elements. Formatting can be placed within the HTML or called remotely from an external style sheet.

Unicode

A universal character set designed to support all written languages, as well as scholarly disciplines (e.g., mathematics).

Canvas

An HTML5 Application Programming Interface (API) used for rendering visual images on the fly by providing scripts with a bitmap canvas.

Pay Per Click (PPC)

An Internet marketing technique that enables you to list your site high in search engine rankings by advertising on keywords that describe your product or service.

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

An Internet protocol used to transfer files between computers; allows file transfer without corruption or alteration.

3-D Secure

An XML-based protocol used by credit card companies to add security to online credit and debit card transactions.

XMLHttpRequest

An application programming interface (API) that is used to transfer XML and other text data between a Web server and browser.

Drop Zone

An area of a Web page that has been defined as a place where dragged items can be placed.

Rowspan

An attribute that is used with <th> or <td> element to vertically span two or more rows

mailing list server

An e-mail server that regularly sends e-mail messages to a specified list of users.

Image Transparency

An image feature that provides the visual effect of blending in to the background of the Webpage

Client

An individual computer connected to a network. Also, a system or application (such as a Web browser or user agent) that requests a service from another computer (the server) and is used to access files or documents.

Dynamic HTML (DHTML)

An umbrella term that describes the combination of HTML, script, styles and the Document Object Model (DOM) to provide Web page interactivity.

User Agent

Any application, such as a Web browser, mobile phone, smartphone or help engine, that renders HTML for display to users.

Client-Side Script

Code embedded into an HTML page and downloaded by a user; resides on the client and helps process Web form input. Common client-side scripting languages include JavaScript and VBScript.

server-side script

Code that resides on a server to help process Web form input. Server-side CGI scripts are commonly written in Perl.

On the Fly

Dynamically created Web page content, as opposed to pre-defined, static content.

Business-to-consumer (B2C)

E-commerce transactions between businesses and consumers.

Business-to-business (B2B)

E-commerce transactions between businesses.

Hyperlinks

Embedded instructions within a text file that link it to another point in the file or to a separate file.

Drag-and-drop

Functionality that allows a user to grab an object and move it to a different location on a computer screen.

Interlacing

Image loads an early degraded version of the whole image as soon as possible and then progressively renders the image to clear state.

Inline Images

Images rendered in a Web page.

Customs

National departments responsible for controlling items entering and leaving the country.

Offline Web Application

Permits the user to continue working with Web sites and Web documents even when a network connection is unavailable.

Object-based

Similar to object-oriented programming languages, but does not allow for inheritance from one class to another.

Software as a Service (SaaS)

Software that is hosted centrally on the Internet and accessed by users with a Web browser.

Cloud Computing

Software, infrastructure and platform services that are hosted by a remote data center and provided to organizations or individuals over the Internet.

Dithering

The ability for a computer to approximate a color by combining the RGB values.

Geolocation

The ability to determine a user's location. Web sites can use this information to enhance the user experience and provide location-based services.

Bandwidth

The amount of data that can be transmitted over a network in a given amount of time.

Character Set

The group of symbols used to render text on a page.

Link Rot

The phenomenon in which hyperlinks on a Web site gradually become invalid as referenced Web page content, links and page locations change.

Web Analytics

The practice of collecting data and studying user behavior in an attempt to increase market share and sales.

Wireframing

The process of developing an outline for a Web presence.

Search Engine Optimization (SEO)

The process of improving a page's organic search results

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

The traditional authoring language used to develop Web pages for many applications.

Brand

a concept or collection of symbols associated with a product, service or person

Stock Photography

a group of images that are often licensed for specific uses such as for use in printed material or on a Website

manifest

a list of the files that are needed for the Web application to work offline

Extensible Markup Language (XML)

a markup language for documents, containing structured information

Animation

a method in which several pictures are combined in a sequence that is rendered in rapid succession to simulate motion

Application Programming Interface (API)

a set of routines, protocols, and tools for building software applications

Cookie

a small text file that a web server stores on your computer

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

a text that is used to identify any resource or name on the internet

Colspan

an attribute that is used with <th> or <td> element to horizontally span two or more columns

Podcast

an audio broadcast that has been converted to an MP3 file or other audio file format for playback in a digital music player or computer

Rule

an instruction format that consists of a specified selector and the properties and values applied to it.

Bootstrap

an open-source and front-end framework that contains HTML and CSS design templates.

Selector

any element to which designated styles are applied.

Consumer-to-consumer (C2C)

e-commerce involves business transactions between users, such as consumers selling to other consumers via the internet

Demographics

statistical data relating to the population and particular groups within it.

e-commerce

the buying and selling of goods over the internet

spam

unwanted e-mail (usually of a commercial nature sent out in bulk)