Classifications of Consequences- Concepts and Functions of ABA

If all of these are punishers, which one is most likely a conditioned punisher? A sharp pain A certain color Extreme heat A bitter-tasting pill

A certain color

Which of the following response is the easiest to diminish using extinction? A response with long history which requires little effort to complete. A response with long history which requires a lot of response effort. A new response that requires a lot of response effort. A new response that requires little effort to complete.

A new response that requires a lot of response effort.

Which of the following would most likely require stimulus-stimulus pairing before it can become a reinforcer? Airplane Mango juice Potato chips A hug

Airplane

After a response had been successfully diminished as a result of extinction, it reappeared, and no reinforcement followed the response. Select the best answer: The recovery does not indicate that extinction was ineffective. All answers are correct. The recovery should be short and limited. Extinction must be placed on the response after recovery.

All answers are correct

Which of the following behaviors is maintained by automatic reinforcement? All are behaviors maintained by automatic reinforcement. Leaving the noisy room Turning the TV on Playing a video game

All are behaviors maintained by automatic reinforcement.

Which of the following scenarios may demonstrate automatic punishment if all are punishment? Car hit a ditch after drunk driving. All examples are scenarios of automatic punishment. Bruised knee from walking into a glass wall. Cracked TV screen after improper installation.

All examples are scenarios of automatic punishment.

Select the best statement: Responses that seem self-stimulating must be maintained by automatic reinforcement. All statements are correct. All behavior that is maintained by automatic reinforcement are self-stimulatory behavior. If a person lives by himself or herself the whole life, no reinforcement would be socially mediated for that person.

If a person lives by himself or herself the whole life, no reinforcement would be socially mediated for that person.

Read the below scenario and select the best answer. Mr. Smith is Brad's math teacher. Mr. Smith used to reprimand Brad whenever Brad made a mistake on his worksheet to the point that Brad felt scared every time he saw Mr. Smith. After Mr. Smith learned the principle of reinforcement, he stopped reprimanding Brad. Over time, Brad no longer feels scared when he sees Mr. Smith. This is an example of operant extinction. This is an example of reinforcement. In this scenario, Mr. Smith himself had the ability to elicit a conditioned response from Brad. This scenario demonstrates how a punisher decreased a response.

In this scenario, Mr. Smith himself had the ability to elicit a conditioned response from Brad.

Which of the following statements is correct? Statement 1. Neither conditioned or generalized conditioned reinforcers depend on motivation. Statement 2. Almost all naturally occurring punishers are results of ontogenic history. Both statements are correct. Only Statement 2 is correct. Neither statement is correct. Only Statement 1 is correct.

Neither statement is correct

Which of the following statements is correct? Statement 1: All food items are unconditioned reinforcers. Statement 2: All painful stimulations are unconditioned punishers. Both statements are correct. Only Statement 1 is correct. Only Statement 2 is correct. Neither statement is correct.

Neither statement is correct

Which of the following statement is correct? Neither unconditioned or conditioned reinforcers depend on motivation. A generalized conditioned reinforcer requires motivation for it to be effective. For a stimulus to function as a reinforcer, learning is not required. Stimulus-stimulus pairing is the only way for a neutral stimulus to become a reinforcer.

Stimulus-stimulus pairing is the only way for a neutral stimulus to become a reinforcer.

Which of these is likely a negative conditioned reinforcer? An electric shock. A sharp pain from an injection. The radiation warning sign in a lab. All options show negative conditioned reinforcer.

The radiation warning sign in a lab.

Which of these may demonstrate an extinction procedure? A child enjoys poking his eyes. The functional analysis demonstrates that eye-poking behavior is maintained by automatic reinforcement. His therapists thus employed a preventative procedure that whenever the child attempts to poke his eyes, they redirect the child's hands to touch a tactile sensory toy. All are examples of extinction. When a child was watching his favorite cartoon, he accidentally pressed a button on the remote. The TV stopped showing anything. A child was trying to call his mother, but the phone did not respond when he pressed numbers.

A child was trying to call his mother, but the phone did not respond when he pressed numbers.

Which of the below responses may diminish the quickest during extinction? A response maintained by CRF with higher motivation for the reinforcer from the individual. A response maintained by intermittent reinforcement with lower motivation for the reinforcer from the individual. A response maintained by CRF with lower motivation for the reinforcer from the individual. A response maintained by intermittent reinforcement with higher motivation for the reinforcer from the individual.

A response maintained by CRF with lower motivation for the reinforcer from the individual.

Which of these is likely a generalized conditioned reinforcer? The teacher saying "Good job". All of them are likely generalized conditioned reinforcers. Tokens for answering questions correctly. Stickers given to students who participated in class.

All of them are likely generalized conditioned reinforcers.

If all of these are punishers, which one is most likely a generalized conditioned punisher? A frown A corrective feedback Reprimand All of these are generalized conditioned punishers

All of these are generalized conditioned punishers

If all of these are reinforcers, which one is most likely a generalized conditioned reinforcer? All of these are generalized conditioned reinforcers Money A gold star for excellent academic performance Praise

All of these are generalized conditioned reinforcers

Assuming all options below are examples of punishment, which of them could be an example of automatic punishment? Burned his lips after drinking boiling water. a terrifying scene came up after changing the channel. When Tom was talking to his friends, he accidentally talked about something embarrassing. Before his friends could react to it, he stopped talking about it. All options could be examples of automatic punishment.

All options could be examples of automatic punishment.

Assuming each of the options below includes three reinforcers, which of these likely includes the reinforcers in the same classification (unconditioned, conditioned, generalized conditioned, automatic, and socially mediated reinforcement). Beautiful landscape, visual special effects in the movies, kaleidoscope Praise, patting on the back to indicate approval, applause All options likely include reinforcers in the same classification. Seaweed, quinoa, Cheetos

All options likely include reinforcers in the same classification.

Read the below scenario and select the best answer. A child often exhibits aggression towards his peers. His teacher assumed that aggression is maintained by attention. Subsequently, his teacher prepared a behavioral reduction plan in which the teacher would withdraw all instruction and not respond to his aggression. When the teacher started implementing the plan, the frequency of aggression increased. The increase in the frequency of aggression shows that the principle of extinction did not work. Because the teacher did not determine the function of aggression through functional behavior assessment, the increase in the frequency of aggression could be a result of negative reinforcement. The increase in the frequency of aggression is an example of spontaneous recovery. The increase in the frequency of aggression demonstrates extinction burst.

Because the teacher did not determine the function of aggression through functional behavior assessment, the increase in the frequency of aggression could be a result of negative reinforcement.

Which of the following statements is correct? Statement 1: Conditioned reinforcers would vary among organisms due to their different ontogenic histories. Statement 2: Repeatedly presenting a conditioned punisher immediately following a neutral stimulus will result in the latter becoming a conditioned punisher. Neither statement is correct. Only Statement 2 is correct. Only Statement 1 is correct. Both statements are correct.

Both statements are correct.

If all of these are reinforcers, which one is most likely a conditioned reinforcer? Rice Coffee French Fries Ear rings

Ear rings

When John's mom was cooking dinner, John jumped in front of her and started barking. Assuming the behavior is maintained by mom's attention, mom did not respond to John's barking and continued with her cooking is a form of: Extinction Negative reinforcement Planned ignoring Positive punishment.

Extinction

If all of these are reinforcers, which one is most likely an unconditioned reinforcer? Song that is liked by a favorite person Scent of the childhood home All options are unconditioned reinforcers Fire during the winter

Fire during the winter

If all of these are punishers, which one is most likely an unconditioned punisher? Fire in the kitchen All options are unconditioned reinforcers Seafood even when hungry Song from a horror movie

Fire in the kitchen

Which of the following behaviors is maintained by socially mediated reinforcement? Stealing a token. All are maintained by socially mediated reinforcement. Making a loud noise resulting in removal from the class by the teacher. Turn on the bathroom fan to get rid of steam.

Making a loud noise resulting in removal from the class by the teacher.

Which of the following statement is correct? If a decrease in response is observed, it is more than likely extinction is in place. Extinction can be achieved through blocking a behavior. None of the statement is correct. Extinction refers to where a pleasant stimulus is removed contingent on a response.

None of the statements is correct

Which of the below example is maintained by a socially mediated consequence? Playing Mario Bros to reach the next level. Replaying a voice recording and enjoying the sound of the voice. None of these examples represents responses maintained by socially mediated consequences. Watching a YouTube video and laughing at it.

None of these examples represents responses maintained by socially mediated consequences.

Which of the following is an example of conditioned punishment? John was watching TV while completing his math assignments. His mom saw that and knocked on his head - it hurt! He immediately focused on his assignments. John ate a lot during dinner, but his mom forced him to eat more. Since then, John has started to eat less. None of these is an example conditioned punishment. John did not show up for work on time throughout the last month. As a result, his boss reprimanded him. In this month, John continued showing up late.

None of these is an example conditioned punishment.

Which of the following statements is correct? Statement 1: The purpose of using punishment and extinction procedures is to reduce the frequency of a certain response. Statement 2: The difference between extinction and punishment is that extinction requires taking away a reinforcing stimulus while punishment may require adding an aversive stimulus. Both statements are correct. Only Statement 2 is correct. Only Statement 1 is correct. Neither statement is correct.

Only Statement 1 is correct.

Which of the following statements is correct? Statement 1: Extinction produces an initial, immediate increase in response rate. Statement 2: Extinction produces a steep reduction in response rate. Both statements are correct. Neither statement is correct. Only Statement 1 is correct. Only Statement 2 is correct.

Only statement 1 is correct

In theory, which of the following may be the most effective way to place a response that is maintained by intermittent reinforcement on extinction? Increasing the motivation for the reinforcement and placing the response on extinction. Placing the response on CRF for a while before placing it on extinction. Immediately withholding the reinforcement. Immediately removing the reinforcement.

Placing the response on CRF for a while before placing it on extinction.

Which of the following behavior is most likely maintained by automatic reinforcement? Playing the piano but not allowing others to listen. Seeing a doctor and receiving a painkiller. Writing a book and getting a royalty. Watching a movie and discussing the content with friends.

Playing the piano but not allowing others to listen. (The consequences of playing piano are not socially mediated.)

Read the below scenario and select the best answer. Mr. Williams is Emily's teacher. He used to reprimand Emily whenever Emily had problem behavior. He actually only paid attention to Emily when she behaved badly. Mr. Williams eventually stopped reprimanding Emily for her problem behavior. Instead, he pretends that he does not notice her problem behavior. Over time, Emily's problem behavior decreased. This is an example of escape extinction. This is an example of respondent extinction. This is an example of punishment. This is an example of operant extinction.

This is an example of operant extinction.

Which of the following statements is correct? Generalized conditioned punisher is a result of phylogenic history. Through repeatedly unpairing of an unconditioned punisher and a conditioned punisher, the conditioned punisher will eventually lose the effectiveness. Primary punishers are similar to primary reinforcers in that both them require learning. Neither generalized conditioned punishers or unconditioned punishers require stimulus-stimulus pairing to function as punishers.

Through repeatedly unpairing of an unconditioned punisher and a conditioned punisher, the conditioned punisher will eventually lose the effectiveness.

When Ms. Johnson was teaching Brad to label pictures, Brad often turned his head to the side when a picture was presented to him. After three seconds, Ms. Johnson would remove the picture. Ms. Johnson decided to move the picture when Brad turned his head. That is, the picture was in front of Brad wherever he turned his head until he labeled the item in the picture. Brad quickly stopped turning his head during this task, and his correct labeling increased. The reduction in Brad's head turning was likely due to ___________________. positive punishment. escape extinction. positive reinforcement extinction. sensory extinction.

escape extinction

Response increase in magnitude and frequency immediately following extinction: is a result of extinction being ineffective. may be a form of extinction burst. is impossible as extinction will result in zero occurrence of the target response. may be a form of spontaneous recovery.

may be a form of extinction burst.

Planned ignoring refers to when social reinforcer such as verbal exchanges are withdrawn for a brief period, contingent on a problem behavior. As such, planned ignoring is ____________. respondent extinction negative reinforcement extinction negative punishment

negative punishment

If a previously diminished response is reinforced during its spontaneous recovery, ________________________. reinforcement during spontaneous recovery should not affect the response. None is correct. the reappearance of the response should be short and limited even when reinforcement follows the response the response would increase due to the reinforcement.

the response would increase due to the reinforcement.