Clothing Concepts exam #1 MASTER SET

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tight cultures

norms are strong, little tolerance for deviance

programs

ones response to one's own appearance

subjective elements of culture

organized into unique patterns of beliefs, attitudes, norms, and values.

reviews

other's reactions to an individual's appearance

haute couture

"high fashion"

pret-a-porter

"ready to wear"

decline (the fashion cycle)

#5 in the fashion cycle

obsolescence (the fashion cycle)

#6 in the fashion cycle

dramaturgical theory

people dress differently based on the audience.

social identity theory

people strive to either align with or distance themselves from specific categories of people One way to achieve this is through clothing

fashion leaders

people who are seen as authorities on clothing matters and are sought out for their opinions pick up on the new style and adopt it

fashion innovators

people who create a new style

late adopters

people who do not feel comfortable wearing a new style until it has been established as a trend

silhouette

physical shape or outline of a garment

theory

A Collection of evidence, hypotheses, or principles used to explain social behavior.

Abductive inference

A natural, instinctive mode of reasoning that is hardwired into human cognition and expressed through "spontaneous conjectures" that provisionally explain unusual observations

roles

positions that people occupy in a group or society

cultural authentication

process of assimilation through which a garment or an accessory external to a culture is adopted and changed

collective selection theory

A new style will become a fashion when it fits the spirit of the times Social Class is NOT the main driver of fashion change (whoever captures zeitgeist)

Self-indication process

A process of learning who we are through continued reflection and action with others and constant experimentation and exploration.

transnational style

A quickly shifting style of dress worn simultaneously in many world locations

culture

A set of human made elements shared among those with a common language who lived in the same time and place

theory

A set of ideas that describe, explain, and predict outcomes and relationships and guide the development of hypotheses

rise (the fashion cycle)

Accepted by more people (fashion leaders) #2 in the fashion cycle

objective elements of culture

refer to a culture's artifacts or objects made by humans

subcultural leadership model

shaping styles

fad

short-lived styles. For A Day

fashion

social process involving a style being introduced to general public and being accepted as appropriate for a time and occasion by the social majority.

trickle down theory

social theory that fashion develops as a function of a class emulation; a style originates in the uppermost level of society and is copied by successively lower levels of society

global citizen

someone who identifies with being part of an emerging world community and whose actions contribute to building this community's values and practices

taking on the role of the other

taking on other people's perspectives to understand their responses

taking the role of the other

taking other people's perspectives to understand their responses

role theory

Also known as Social Learning Theory; we dress based on the roles we play. We learn by imitating those around us, who serve as our role models.

Dress

Any intentional modification to the body or supplement added to the body

trickle across theory

Argues that a style can appear simultaneously in all social classes, just at different price points

fashion leaders

Authorities on appearance matters who are valued for their opinions; they help disseminate a trend to wider audiences

Zeitgeist

Changes are more likely to be accepted if a culture is ready for change.

theories

Ethnocentrism and Pluralism are examples of:

functions of dress

Expresses relationships and Shows who to approach and who to avoid- this is an example of:

functions of dress

Expresses self-esteem, personal values, and societal values- this is an example of:

pluralism

the acceptance of differences in others while not necessarily wanting to adopt those differences for themselves

role theory

the idea that within a society, a certain position or status has norms and expectation, including expectations on how to dress

uniqueness theory

Fashion trends begin when people adopt a style that is exclusive or distinctive to current modes

semiotics

the study of signs and sign systems

1st Five Seconds 1st Four Minutes Breakaway point

time table of impression formation

ford

trend with strong sales volume and available at different price points and produced by different manufacturers; mass acceptance.

loose cultures

unclear norms and tolerate deviance from norms

fashion forward

used to describe styles that are gaining in acceptance

early adopters

watch fashion leaders.

today's zeitgeist

Social Media Desire for Instant Gratification Fashion Industry's Willingness to meet that desire

trickle up theory

States fashion begins in the lower classes and is copied by a society's higher classes. Ex: denim jeans

symbolic interaction theory

Styles are given meaning by negotiations between the individual and society, where individuals strive to illicit a certain reaction via appearance from society and alter appearance until it is achieved

New Look

The ___________ ______________ exemplifies the relationship between fashion and the zeitgeist

collective selection theory

The process of choosing from competing styles that match the current zeitgeist or spirit of the times

protection adornment status modesty/immodesty

why do people wear clothes?

fashion system

Globally based set of: Businesses, Governments, Trade Unions, Agencies that impact consumer choices

supplements

Indirect Alterants of Bodily Processes

Normative Socialization Theory/Social control Theory

Learning how to dress occurs through positive and negative reinforcement. Compliments or criticism can affect the way we dress. Seeks to ensure compliance with norms (overcomes deviance)

mass acceptance (the fashion cycle)

Maximum stock coverage in many retail formats May be extended if style becomes a Classic #4 in the fashion cycle

accelerate (the fashion cycle)

More availability Manufacturers start to offer knock-offs Promotional efforts are strongest #3 in the fashion cycle

impression formation

Observer makes attribute and behavioral judgements of wearers based on observable characteristics

dress

The total arrangement of all outwardly detectable modifications of the body and all material objects added to it

functions of dress

Protects body from physical, psychological, and social environments- this is an example of:

functions of dress

Provide immediate and visual cues- this is an example of:

functions of dress

Reflects trends in technology, economy, religion, arts, morality, and patterns of living- this is an example of:

social identity theory

Theory developed by Tajfel and Turner (1986) for understanding how people create social groups. Includes the following steps: categorizing people into groups, identifying into one of the groups, groups comparing themselves to other groups and developing group distinctiveness

negotiation with others (social groups)

Ultimately consumers make a style fashionable.

culture

a set of human-made objective and subjective elements that in the past have increased the probability of survival and resulted in satisfaction of the participants in an ecological niche, and thus became shared among those who could communicate with each other because they had a common language and lived in the same time and place

trickle across theory

a style can simultaneously appear across all levels of society as a function of different retail stores offering it to different consumers

costume

a style of clothing belonging to a particular cultural or historical context

classic

a style that changes little from season to season but is generally popular across seasons

fad

a style that has a short, quick, popularity

Dramturgical Approach

a way to express everyday dress using the theater as a model of front stage and back stage dress behavior

apparel

actual garments constructed from fabric to cover the body.

knock off

adaptation of an original design

fashion followers

adopt the trend during the tail-end when the style is nearing obsolescence

appearance management

all activities and thought processes leading to the purchase and wear of clothing and body modifications.

appearance

all aspects of the human body that may be observed by others

dress (an artifact)

an example of objective elements of culture

identity

an organized set of characteristics that expresses the various aspects of who you are; who one is as an individual and where one fits in as a member of society

clothing

any tangible or material object connected to the human body.

gatekeepers

are people who make choices for consumers

objective elements of culture

artifacts: Dress, media outlets, building, tools

symbolic interaction theory

attempts to explain interactions among individuals based on symbols that are used or understood by everyone in a particular group

uniqueness theory

concept that fashion begins from original or new styles

fashion followers

consumers who adopt a style at the tail end of its life cycle

style

distinctive characteristics of clothing

artifacts

dress, media outlets, buildings, tools

social stratification

example of a subjective element of culture

Amish Culture

example of collectivism

adolescence dress

example of individualism

cargo pants

example of world dress

Tanning beds, tattoos, piercings, hair dyeing, diets and exercise to change one's body shape

examples of intentional modification

Garments worn on the body, colored contact lens, make-up, jewelry, shoes, accessories, backpacks

examples of supplements

trickle up theory

fashion begins among the young or lower income groups and moves upward to older or higher income groups.

collective selection

fashions originate in specific social or subcultural groups. Also known as subcultural leadership

avant-garde

fashions that are unorthodox, experimental, perhaps unusual, or shocking

classic

fashions that endure time.

couturiere

female fashion designer

Provide immediate and visual cues Protects body from physical, psychological, and social environments Expresses relationships Shows who to approach and who to avoid Expresses self-esteem, personal values, and societal values Reflects trends in technology, economy, religion, arts, morality, and patterns of living.

functions of dress

Fashion forecaster: Promostyl Editor: Anna Wintour

gatekeeper examples

trend

general direction in which a style is moving

Zeitgeist

german word meaning "spirit of the times"; the essence or feeling of an era

looking glass self

imagining how important others may think of you or what characteristics may assign to you based on appearance

social stratification (subcategory of subjective elements)

individualists and collectivists are an example of

fashion

is what is popular, and popularity is required for something to be observed and documented as a trend

Ethnocentrism

judging people from other cultures and backgrounds by one's own cultural standards and beliefs

early adopters

majority of consumers who adopt a style early in it's life cycle

late adopters

majority of consumers who adopt a style late in its life cycle

couturier

male fashion designer

Collective Selection Theory

many individuals' choices are needed for an apparel item to become fashion.

culture

➢The _____________ of a society will determine whether a fashion system exists Youthful Experimentation Search for identity

trickle down theory

Based on the idea of social class emulation High society introduces new styles, which are seen and copied by the middle class Once the middle class has adopted the style, the lower class adopts it When a class sees their style adopted by the lower classes they discard that particular style in favor of a new one, and the cycle begins again

a fashion trend

Begins when fashion innovators wear a new article of clothing or devise a new way of wearing an existing piece

subjective elements

Beliefs, attitudes, and values Also includes social norms, stereotypes and prejudices Social stratification - categories for people according to race, age and income level Individualists Collectivists

symbolic interaction theory

Clothes are symbols (may or may not become meaningful) Dress develops meaning based on years of association Negotiation Denotative Meaning Connotative Meaning

world dress

Describes similar types of body modifications and supplements worn by many people in various parts of the world no matter where the types of dress or the people themselves originated

introduction (the fashion cycle)

Designers or manufacturer's new styles are shown Higher prices, smaller quantities #1 in the fashion cycle

Intentional modification

Direct Alterants of Bodily Processes

unique style

Once the ___________ ____________ is adopted by enough people to be considered "fashion" it loses its impact as something innovative or unique.

Market Infrastructure Theory

Only items sold in business retail environments can become fashions

collectivist characteristics

Organized hierarchy Concerned about the group Share resources Involved with group Use dress for acceptance, compliments, and recognition

material culture analysis

Physically describes the design and construction of the garments and interprets the functions and meanings of the garments

individualist characteristics

Value self-reliance Independence Pursuit of Happiness Friendly, but not overly Thrive on Individual Expression

subjective elements of culture

Values, norms, association, roles, beliefs

Behavior

_________________ is based on interaction with symbols (apparel)


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