Cloud Infrastructure Planning

Data-Link

Ethernet, PPP

Network Layer:

Finds best possible route

Gateway-Cached Volumes:

Frequently accessed data is stored on premise, and primary data is stored on S3.

Standardization:

Limitations configured within the self-service interface ensure that new allocated resource pools conform to established standards for quality management and ease of support.

Session Layer:

Makes connection at both ends

Resource utilization:

Power consumption and resource management can be configured to improve an organization's data center carbon impact. Lesson: Cloud Infrastructure Planning

Availability

Refers to the accessibility of data. To be available, data needs to be protected against disruption of service.

Presentation Layer:

Reformats, encrypts/decodes, compresses/decompresses

Providing security credentials

When a virtual server is started up, which of the following is a key step in the process?

Scalability

When networks are architected for cloud services, which quality addresses the ability to expand to meet variable data requirements?

Availability

Which benefit of cloud automation eases Christmas data center support in particular, compared to traditional data centers?

Resource pooling

Which capability of cloud service automation allows memory and processing power to be dynamically assigned?

Cloud Security Alliance (CSA)

Which cloud standards body is focused on audit and security standards for cloud computing?

Congestion

Which factor contributes to network latency primarily because of oversubscription?

Caching

Which function of cloud storage gateways is intended to improve response time to data requests?

Network latency Network bandwidth

Which of the following contribute to network speed?

Federation

Which of the following involves linking of disparate cloud computing infrastructures with one another by connecting their individual management infrastructures?

Federated cloud

A collection of cloud services using technology that allows them to be managed as a single integrate cloud.

Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF)

A collection of groups developing standards for cloud management interfaces, audit data, interoperability, software license management, and virtualization.

Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS)

A group developing standards for cloud identity management, data sharing, privacy, and portability.

National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

A group responsible for standards defining cloud types, cloud security, and audit practices.

Cloud Standards Customer Council (CSCC)

A group that influences standards based on cloud user requirements.

IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA)

A group within the IEEE focusing on standards covering cloud portability, interoperability, and federation.

Encryption

A method of protecting data confidentiality by transforming readable data into unreadable data through the use of an algorithm and key.

Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI)

A standard that defines administration and access for managing content and security over cloud resources.

Congestion

A state in the network when there are too many devices in a particular network segment and they are interfering with one another.

Federations

All cloud computing providers have a finite capacity. Which of the following support cloud computing providers to grow beyond their finite capacity?

Gateway-Stored Volumes:

All primary data is stored locally, and asynchronous backups of data to S3 is provided.

Resource pooling:

Allows storage, memory, network bandwidth, virtual servers, and processing power to be assigned dynamically

Availability:

Automated cloud self-service makes it possible to manage resource allocation and provisioning even during off-hours, weekends, and holidays when the IT staff is otherwise engaged.

Hidden complexity:

Automation takes care of resource availability without requiring operators to understand the location and type of individual host server equipment.

The storage gateway functions are given below:

Backup Caching Compression Encryption

Data Link Layer:

Error correction

Disk space is made available to users as a sized partition The storage capacity is made available to users by the storage service provider. Unmanaged storage is easily used, reliable, and relatively cheap.

Cloud storage can be categorized into two major classes of storage: unmanaged and managed storage. Which of the following statements are true of unmanaged storage?

Segmenting subnetworks to limit collisions

Congestion occurs when devices begin to interfere with one another as they compete for available network capacity and can be addressed by expanding the available bandwidth or ____________.

Application

DHCP, FTP, HTTP, LDAP, SSH, Telnet

Physical

DSL, ISDN, USB, IRDA

Gateway-Virtual Tape Library:

Data is stored on limitless collection of tapes and backed up by S3 or Glacier.

Transport Layer:

Disassembles and reassembles segments

Network

IPv4/IPv6, ICMP, ARP, IPSec

Virtual image sprawl

If there are no standards for the automatic creation of virtual images in a private cloud, which of the following is at risk?

Data recovery:

Increases data availability in the event of a system failure or network outage

Interoperability

Open Virtualization Format (OVF) contributes to cloud computing ________.

Storage Networking Industries Association (SNIA)

Organization whose Cloud Storage Initiative is developed the Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) standard for assigning metadata that defines required services.

Physical Layer:

Passes data on to media

Session

SDP, SOCKS, NetBIOS

Application Layer:

Talks to application software

Presentation

Telnet

Storage capacity Data protection Storage provisioning

The following challenges are faced by data centers when they start supporting cloud computing:

Removal of broadcasting, which reduces network congestion Improved routing speed Automatically generated host identifier that eliminates the possibility of IP address conflict Increased address availability

The improvements of IPv6 over IPv4 are as follows:

Select a machine image to run, select security credentials, and select the size of the virtual machine.

There are three key elements for creating a virtual server. From the list below, select the one that contains the correct three elements in the correct sequence.

National Institute of Standards and Technology:

This group addresses cloud computing standards in its Special Publications 500 series.

Cloud Security Alliance:

This group focuses on audit and security standards for cloud computing.

Cloud Standards Customer Council:

This group influences standards development based on cloud user requirements.

Distributed Management Task Force:

This group is involved in developing standards for management interfaces, interoperability, and virtualization.

IEEE Standards Association:

This group is involved in development of cloud computing standards, covering topics, such as portability and federation.

Provisioning policies:

Used to automatically increase storage capacity when needed

Data-Link, Network

VXLAN provides virtual _______ layer connections across ________ layer networks.

Vendor lock-in

Vendor lock-in, or proprietary lock-in, is a situation in which an organization must continue to use a specific set of technologies or products from a specific vendor to avoid significant costs for transferring to alternative equivalents.

The ability for services running in different clouds to access a common set of data or share information The ability to move resources, such as applications, between service providers The ability to use a common set of management tools with services from multiple providers

Which of the following is a definition for cloud interoperability?

Managed cloud storage

Which of the following is provisioned and provided as a raw disk?

Orchestration services

Which of the following is responsible for starting and stopping application server clusters?

Automation

Which of the following reduces human errors?

Automation

Which of the following reduces the manual intervention required for deploying and managing IT services?

It facilitates movement from one provider to another.

Why is standardization of data formats important?

federation

With regard to cloud services, _____ refers to the collection of multiple cloud resource pools into a single manageable whole.

Federated

__________ cloud services can provide interconnections between cloud functioning, allowing multiple clouds to be managed as a single cloud resource pool.