CLP1006 midterm

Name three cultural differences in proxemics, the way of relating to personal space.

Americans need more personal space to feel comfortable. Europeans need less personal space to feel comfortable. Europeans stand closer when talking, while Americans stand farther apart.

Which of the following is true about anger? Anger is always bad for you. Anger is a risk factor for heart attacks. A good way to release anger is to immediately express it. Anger has no survival value.

Anger is a risk factor for heart attacks.

Which of the following is not true about brain neuroplasticity?

As we age, our brain's networks become fixed.

Which of the following statements is true? Independence is always superior to interdependence. In order to be interdependent you must be co-dependent. Healthy marriages reflect interdependence. In order to be co-dependent you must first be independent

Independence is always superior to interdependence.

Which of the following statements is true regarding personal space? The closer the better to show that you are friendly. The farther the better to put people at ease. Cultural factors are very important as to what determines a comfortable zone of personal space. Standing too far from a person can be perceived as an invasion of personal space.

Cultural factors are very important as to what determines a comfortable zone of personal space.

Which of the following statements about assertiveness is true? Assertiveness and aggressiveness are often the same. Research fails to support the superiority of assertiveness over passive-aggressiveness. When asserting yourself it is important to inhibit all of your gestures. None of the above.

None of the above.

When a worker is overly influenced by the demands and expectations of others, he or she is likely to spend too much time engaged in __________ activities.

QIII

Which of the following statements is true about falling asleep? Sleep comes when you really try hard to fall asleep. Sleep comes after 15 minutes no matter what you do. Sleep comes when you let go and stop trying to fall asleep. Sleep is not really necessary, it is just a habit.

Sleep comes when you let go and stop trying to fall asleep.

When is it advisable to not try for a win-win outcome?

when you are in the wrong when you are very short of time for negotiations

Taylor's research on gender difference in stress responses suggests that the "tend and befriend" stress response in women is likely due to

female hormones like oxytocin

Research has shown that procrastinators

have higher levels of stress and poorer physical health than those who do not procrastinate

Peterson defines four routes to happiness, which are as follows:

hedonism; eudaemonia; engagement; and victory

Three facts about Positive emotions:

help us achieve effectiveness serve an evolutionary purpose are related to longevity

All decisions are made on the basis of __________ information, therefore __________ are inevitable.

insufficient; mistakes

The fight/flight response

is an ancient survival mechanism

Helpful feedback

is immediate, honest and supportive

The value of self-awareness is that

it helps us realize that we have a choice regarding how we react to stressors

Which of the following is characteristic of the permissive-indifferent parenting style?

lack of involvement in the child's life

If you want to facilitate creative problem solving in yourself or in others, research suggests which of the following will be most helpful?

laughter

Self-efficacy is

learned through modeling or copying others

Massage has been shown to reduce

levels of the stress hormone cortisol

When proactive interference occurs

old learning interferes with new learning

In Positive Psychology, flourishing refers to...

optimal functioning

What 3 strategies are strongly associated with effectiveness?

optimism the ability to delay gratification proactivity

Throughout U.S. history, the most __________Presidential candidates typically win the general election.

optimistic

Rage reactions are more likely to occur if

our bodies are already in a state of heightened arousal

Our beliefs can have a powerful effect on

our health and bodies

According to Thomas Kuhn, all major scientific discoveries are preceded by a

paradigm shift

Visualization to enhance sports performance should include what type of imagery?

participant

Seligman divides positive emotions into three temporal categories including

past, present and future

Good listeners

pay close attention to the non-verbal as well as the verbal message

How you evaluate your past experiences reflects an average of the high and low points combined with your assessment of how it was just before it ended, according to

peak end theory

The practice of laughter yoga in India involves

people gathering in groups and for 15 to 20 minutes pretending to laugh until they genuinely do so

Hyperventilation is often a symptom as well as a cause of panic attacks, which are nothing more than a severe form of the fight/flight response. It follows then that an effective natural antidote would be to

practice diaphragmatic breathing

As Barbara was speaking, Juan was thinking about his response to her comments. This is a block to listening referred to in your textbook as

rehearsing

Giving up being right

requires looking for win-win outcomes

Some children raised in highly dysfunctional homes manage to develop high self-esteem despite difficult circumstances. These children could be described as

resilient

Body armoring occurs when

a person crosses his arms over his body because he feels threatened in some way

Passive-aggression is

an indirect form of aggressiveness where we get back at someone, not by what we directly do or say, but by what we fail to do or say

The only component of the Type A personality that is correlated with cardiac problems is

anger

Which of the following are risk factors for future violent acting out? a previous history of violent behavior having been physically abused as a child brain damage which can interfere with the brain's inhibitory mechanisms all of the above

aota

Current research indicates that cathartic expressions of anger

are likely to reinforce the anger.

Effective individuals

are willing to give up being right

Most heart attacks occur

around 9:00 a.m. on Monday mornings

Proactivity can be best defined as the fact that

as humans we are able to choose our response to life events

Lisa's boss asked her to work overtime over the weekend to cover for another employee who was sick. Even though it was inconvenient for her, she agreed to work eight extra hours to help out. When payday arrived Lisa noticed that her paycheck did not include the extra hours she had worked. This situation calls for what type of response?

assertive

For individuals who are anxious about outcomes in their future, it appears that it is more effective for them to engage in a strategy of

defensive pessimism

If you want to be happier, it is recommended that you

develop your friendships

Thought stopping is a technique for

disrupting angry, irrational self talk

If what you are doing is not working, you are advised by your textbook to

do something different

To become more optimistic

challenge pessimistic thoughts

The second step in cognitive restructuring is to

challenge the irrational belief

The most important aspect of optimistic thinking involves

challenging negative, irrational thoughts and substituting rational thoughts

An inferiority complex refers to an individual with

chronically low self-esteem

One way of combating the tyranny of the shoulds is to use

cognitive restructuring

Irrational beliefs can be modified using

cognitive restructuring techniques

Which of the following theories is not found on the deterministic end of the continuum?

cognitive-behavioral

To facilitate decision-making on important matters, it is recommended that you

compare each option with your goals before comparing the options to each other

Which of the following is not a component of reflective listening?

critiquing

A newer field in psychology, emphasizing the study of optimal functioning, effectiveness and mental health is called

Positive Psychology

Name three of the recommended strategies for successful time management?

Develop and use timetables. Focus on one thing at a time. Do it when you think of it.

brain neuroplasticity facts

-Our brains never stop changing and adjusting. -Our brain has the capacity to change its internal structure by reorganizing neural pathways based on new experiences. -Exercising or stimulating your brain helps build up brain reserve.

The ten year rule refers to the fact that

-To achieve true mastery in a discipline you have to put in your 10,000 hours, which ends up taking about ten years. -It takes your brain that long to assimilate all that it needs to learn in order to achieve true mastery.

Your expectations, preconceived notions and beliefs influence

-how you perceive any event in your life -your paradigms about the world -selective perception

According to most stress researchers, you can lessen anxiety and tension by

According to most stress researchers, you can lessen anxiety and tension by

Long term stress can make your body more vulnerable to fight/flight activation. This is the result of

stress sensitization

Which of the following is not one of the recommended strategies for successful time management?

Do high priority items last so you can really focus fully on them.

Which of the following statements is true? Effectiveness is primarily about efficiency. Making "Things to Do" lists is a waste of time. Essential activities and central concerns should comprise your high priority tasks. Tasks that other people think are important should always be designated as your high priority items.

Essential activities and central concerns should comprise your high priority tasks.

Which of the following is not true about representational systems? There are five—one for each sense. Each individual has one that tends to be dominant. We use these systems to encode information. It is impossible to bridge from one sensory system to another.

It is impossible to bridge from one sensory system to another.

Why is it recommended that you distribute learning sessions while studying?

It minimizes proactive interference. It minimizes retroactive interference.

Which of the following is important to avoid when paraphrasing? Restate in your own words what you think has been said Highlight the main points or summarize Parrot every word and detail you heard spoken Refrain from making judgmental statements

Parrot every word and detail you heard spoken

In general, in terms of our ability to estimate how long our future feelings will last

People tend to overestimate how long pleasurable feeling will last.

When going through the various stages of the process of forgiveness, you eventually pass from __________ to __________.

victim; survivor

Which statement are true about students with an internal locus of control?

They recognize the connection between their efforts and their grades. They are self-motivated and optimistic.

Which of the following theories are found on the deterministic end of the continuum?

behaviorist psychoanalytic biological/genetic

Which of the following is not a component of wellness? satisfaction with your career a good social support network being independently wealthy being physically fit

being independently wealthy

The malevolent attitude refers to

believing you are surrounded by enemies

David was valedictorian of his high school graduation class and also near the top of his class in college, but never lived up to his potential after that. His personality was such that he often alienated people, leading to four failed marriages and trouble holding down a job for any length of time. It is likely that he had a low level of

emotional intelligence

A sure fire way to make meaningful deposits in the emotional bank account of another person is to practice

empathic listening

If someone's words and non-verbal behaviors are not congruent (i.e. do not match), the best rule of thumb is to

look for clarification to resolve the incongruity

To foster happiness in the present moment, Seligman recommends that you put your primary focus on

maximizing your pleasures

The neurological basis for the empathic response has been linked to

mirror neurons

The Positive Psychology panel identified six core virtues. Which of the following was not one of the six that were identified?

obedience

The low incidence of cardiovascular disease among the inhabitants of the small town of Roseta, Pennsylvania, a village filled with the descendants of Italian immigrants, has been linked to

social support

Humans have tendencies to sometimes perceive relationships between variables that really do not exist. In the psychology literature this is referred to as

spurious correlation

What are three useful practices for goal setting?

stating and describing your goals in specific, positive terms making sure your goals are compatible with each other setting up benchmarks so you will know if you are making progress towards your goals

Paraphrasing involves

stating in your own words what you think someone has just said

Two interdependent individuals can achieve more than the sum of their individual accomplishments due to

synergy

The success of observational learning, even when done through a visualization process, can be partially explained by

the presence of mirror neurons in the brain

The last stage of the GAS (General Adaptation Syndrome) is

the stage of exhaustion

The balance in the emotional bank account is a good measure of

the strength of your relationship

The hedonic treadmill refers to

the tendency for humans to adapt to fortunate circumstances and take them for granted

Studies of lottery winners one year after their windfall typically find that

their happiness level has returned to whatever level it was at prior to the lottery win

Cognitive distortions refer to our tendency

to look for verification to support our existing opinion of ourselves.

Sports are based on __________ outcomes

win-lose

The Positive Psychology panel identified six core virtues. name three.

wisdom and knowledge temperance transcendence

PNI research reveals that besides the fight/flight reaction, there is another potential stress reaction where people

withdraw to conserve energy

Which strategy is recommended for devising a plan to reach a long term goal?

working backwards

Your frames of reference are shaped by

your learning history

Assertiveness contributes to effectiveness by increasing the likelihood that

your needs and the needs of others will be met