CM 2112 Industrial Piping

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true

As operating temperature increases above 650°F, the strength of low-carbon steel decreases, becoming significant between 950°F to 1000°F.

true

Brass loses significant strength when heated.

false

Corrosion is not a major issue for process plants

brass

Family of alloys of copper (60%-90%) and zinc (remaining portion)

true

Flammable liquid containers can build up static charges as the material is pumped in.

true

Raised face flanges use a gasket that fits inside the bolts and ring joint flanges use only a metal ring for gasketing.

true

Small pipes are commonly joined by the use of tapered pipe threads.

Austenitic (Stainless) Steels

Steel with 18 % chromium and 8% nickel that is resistance to both rusting and corrosion

false

Steels that contain 10% or more of alloying metals are called low-alloy steels.

true

Stress corrosion cracking and a high coefficient of expansion are two conditions that case stainless steel to deteriorate

design pressure

The maximum pressure that the system that can be exposed to and sets the system relief valve at the same pressure.

true

The most common composition of stainless steel is referred to as 18-8, and has 18% chromium and 8% nickel

true

The pipe wall thickness increases as the schedule number increases.

false

The strength of metals increases as temperature increases.

true

"Brass" is a term used to describe a family of alloys of copper and zinc.

ASME

(American Society of Mechanical Engineers) promotes the art, science & practice of multidisciplinary engineering around the globe.

cupronickel

70% copper, 30% nickel

true

A 3" schedule 40 pipe will have a different wall thickness than a 4" schedule 40 pipe.

female pipe thread

A National Pipe Thread Taper (NPT) subset, receives another tapered threaded connection.

false

A double-block-and-bleed system is considered a complete shutoff.

cast iron pipe

A hard, relatively brittle alloy with a higher proportion of carbon than steel has, cast in a mold and used for conveying nonflammable fluids.

ductility

A measure of a material's ability to undergo permanent deformation before breaking (e.g., stretching metal into a wire).

coefficient of expansion

A measure of a materials change in length or volume with temperature.

gasket

A mechanical seal which fills the space between two "less-than-perfect" mating surfaces by filling irregularities, generally to prevent leakage from or into the joined objects, often made from rubber or plastic.

true

A paddle blind is inserted between two flanges, with a gasket on each side, while a figure-eight blind is designed to be installed inside the piping.

Figure-eight (spectacle) blind

A permanent open spacer installed between two flanges connected to a thick plate of metal that can be rotated to stop piping flow.

false

A socket weld is made by joining the ends of two pipes together.

true

A thread compound or Teflon tape is used on screwed joints for lubrication and to aid in sealing the joint.

gauge pressure

Additional pressure in a system relative to atmospheric pressure. It is a convenient pressure measurement for most practical applications. Often expressed in units of psig.

true

Aluminum and silicon bronzes are more resistant to salt water than brass.

true

Besides affecting strength, temperature has a profound effect on corrosion rates.

true

Blocking in equipment unprotected by relief valves can exceed design conditions and cause failure

true

Brass and Bronze are from the family of copper alloys.

false

Brass is stronger than steel.

true

Brasses are widely used because of their resistance to corrosion from water containing various impurities that are corrosive to steel.

false

Bronze alloys contain 90% or more Aluminum.

true

Bronzes are from the family of copper alloys.

false

Butt welding is not often used in industrial construction.

true

Cathodic protection systems can protect equipment indefinitely as long as sacrificial anodes are replaced and current flow is open

carbon steel piping

Constitutes most piping in process units because it is economical and has a wide temperature range. Made from low-carbon steel.

ASME code section VIII

Design code that governs vessels with pressures higher than 15 psig

flange

Disc, collar, or ring that attaches to pipe with the purpose of providing increased support for strength, blocking off a pipeline, or implementing the attachment of more items.

corrosion

Electrochemical reaction between metal surfaces and fluids that results in the gradual wearing away of the metal.

copper alloys

Family of alloys that contains copper and zinc.

true

Flanges are made in various thicknesses and for various bolt sizes according to the pressure and temperature of the service.

false

In a butt weld, one pipe is inserted into a larger fitting and welded.

cathode

In a galvanic cell, the location of the positive pole to allow the circuit to be completed. In cathodic protection, this is the protected metal.

true

In addition to specifying pipe by schedule, pipe is also sometimes specified as STD, XS, or XXS, along with pipe size

hammer testing

Inspection method that uses tapping to determine metal thickness by sound and feel.

Dye penetrant testing

Inspection method to identify cracks or imperfections, which show up as a bright red line.

false

Lead is a strong material at high temperature.

embrittlement

Loss of ductility of a material, making it brittle.

false

Low carbon steel is not a very satisfactory material for most plant applications due to its high price.

ductile

Materials that can be easily molded or shaped without breaking or losing toughness (e.g., copper, iron or gold).

brittle

Materials with hardness but little tensile strength, which break without significant deformation (e.g., ceramics and glass).

hardness

Measure of how resistant a material is to permanent deformation. Test readings indicate strength and ductility.

true

Measuring wall thickness through drilled holes, called trepanning, is the most accurate method when transfer calipers cannot be used

true

Most piping used in process units is carbon steel, because it is fairly economical and has a wide temperature range.

true

Nickel Alloys are used for processes that involve acids and caustics.

false

Nominal pipe sizes are usually the same as their actual inside or outside diameters.

false

Nonferrous Alloys contain large amounts of iron

true

O.D. = I.D + 2*wall thickness

bonding

Physical connection of two objects by a copper wire to prevent fire hazards.

elbow

Pipe fitting that looks like an "L" or partial "C" and used to route piping around bends.

flat face flange

Pipe fitting used to mate against cast equipment using a gasket that covers the entire flange face.

true

Piping fitting ratings of 150lb., 300lb., and 600lb. are common in chemical plants.

true

Piping of the same size (e.g., all 4" pipe) has a constant outside diameter.

true

Piping with threaded joints is generally much less expensive and easier to install than piping with welded joints.

blind

Plate for covering or closing the end of a pipe to gain a complete shutoff in piping.

grounding

Procedure to connect an object to the earth using a copper wire and connected to a grounding rod or grounding device.

false

Process equipment is designed exactly for normal operating pressure.

false

Schedule 10 pipe is considered heavy wall pipe

true

Screwed piping is used in sizes up to 2" for handling nonhazardous materials.

true

Screwed piping joints are tapered to provide a tight fit.

true

Socket-welded fittings are usually used in 2" size and smaller; butt-welding is used in all sizes, but particularly in 2" size and larger.

true

Some low alloys (carbon-, moly-, and chrome alloys) are used in high temperature service such as furnace tubes

Fitting pressure ratings

Specified using pound ratings (or lb. ratings) - 150, 300, 600, 900, 1500 and 2500, which refers to the maximum allowable non-shock pressure (psig).

false

Stainless steel is resistant to rusting but not corrosion

caustic

Substance with a high pH (>7) capable of burning or corroding by chemical action

acid

Substance with a low pH (<7) capable of burning or corroding by chemical action

cathodic protection

Technique used to control the corrosion of a metal surface by making it the cathode of an electrochemical cell.

true

The chemical industry has two methods to prevent fire hazards from static electric sparks - bonding and grounding.

true

The materials used in piping construction are chosen to withstand the temperature, pressure, and other properties of the fluids being conveyed.

true

The weakest part of screwed piping is usually the joints.

true

To secure the strength and oxidation (rusting) resistance of low carbon steel at high temperatures, small amounts of alloying elements are added.

false

Trepanning is not used to inspect the welding on new storage tanks or similar equipment.

true

Two methods of cathodic protection are using sacrificial anodes and using impressed current anodes.

double block and bleed

Two-valve system with vent to atmosphere to stop flow.

butt-welded piping

Type of piping connection in which the parts to be joined are beveled and welded together.

gutted piping

Type of piping to keep the conveyed fluid hot in which the fluid is conveyed through the outer pipe and the heating medium is conveyed through the inner pipe.

concentric reducer

Type of reducer used to maintain a constant centerline.

chromium steel

Type of steel that has a certain quantity of chromium, which withstands corrosion very well.

true

Underground water pipes can function as a grounding device.

true

Visual inspection is the most usual method for inspection.

true

When stainless steel is heated, it expands at a rate approximately 150% of that of steel, which becomes a problem when stainless steel is used in close contact with other metals.

false

XS pipe means "extra small" pipe.

blind flange

a flange that closes the end of a pipe. There is no opening for the passage of liquid or gas.

alloy

material consisting of two or more metals or a metal and a nonmetal.

cam-profile gasket

they are typically used with a sealing layer for greater flange surface protection and improved sealing effectiveness.


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