CM 2112 Industrial Piping
true
As operating temperature increases above 650°F, the strength of low-carbon steel decreases, becoming significant between 950°F to 1000°F.
true
Brass loses significant strength when heated.
false
Corrosion is not a major issue for process plants
brass
Family of alloys of copper (60%-90%) and zinc (remaining portion)
true
Flammable liquid containers can build up static charges as the material is pumped in.
true
Raised face flanges use a gasket that fits inside the bolts and ring joint flanges use only a metal ring for gasketing.
true
Small pipes are commonly joined by the use of tapered pipe threads.
Austenitic (Stainless) Steels
Steel with 18 % chromium and 8% nickel that is resistance to both rusting and corrosion
false
Steels that contain 10% or more of alloying metals are called low-alloy steels.
true
Stress corrosion cracking and a high coefficient of expansion are two conditions that case stainless steel to deteriorate
design pressure
The maximum pressure that the system that can be exposed to and sets the system relief valve at the same pressure.
true
The most common composition of stainless steel is referred to as 18-8, and has 18% chromium and 8% nickel
true
The pipe wall thickness increases as the schedule number increases.
false
The strength of metals increases as temperature increases.
true
"Brass" is a term used to describe a family of alloys of copper and zinc.
ASME
(American Society of Mechanical Engineers) promotes the art, science & practice of multidisciplinary engineering around the globe.
cupronickel
70% copper, 30% nickel
true
A 3" schedule 40 pipe will have a different wall thickness than a 4" schedule 40 pipe.
female pipe thread
A National Pipe Thread Taper (NPT) subset, receives another tapered threaded connection.
false
A double-block-and-bleed system is considered a complete shutoff.
cast iron pipe
A hard, relatively brittle alloy with a higher proportion of carbon than steel has, cast in a mold and used for conveying nonflammable fluids.
ductility
A measure of a material's ability to undergo permanent deformation before breaking (e.g., stretching metal into a wire).
coefficient of expansion
A measure of a materials change in length or volume with temperature.
gasket
A mechanical seal which fills the space between two "less-than-perfect" mating surfaces by filling irregularities, generally to prevent leakage from or into the joined objects, often made from rubber or plastic.
true
A paddle blind is inserted between two flanges, with a gasket on each side, while a figure-eight blind is designed to be installed inside the piping.
Figure-eight (spectacle) blind
A permanent open spacer installed between two flanges connected to a thick plate of metal that can be rotated to stop piping flow.
false
A socket weld is made by joining the ends of two pipes together.
true
A thread compound or Teflon tape is used on screwed joints for lubrication and to aid in sealing the joint.
gauge pressure
Additional pressure in a system relative to atmospheric pressure. It is a convenient pressure measurement for most practical applications. Often expressed in units of psig.
true
Aluminum and silicon bronzes are more resistant to salt water than brass.
true
Besides affecting strength, temperature has a profound effect on corrosion rates.
true
Blocking in equipment unprotected by relief valves can exceed design conditions and cause failure
true
Brass and Bronze are from the family of copper alloys.
false
Brass is stronger than steel.
true
Brasses are widely used because of their resistance to corrosion from water containing various impurities that are corrosive to steel.
false
Bronze alloys contain 90% or more Aluminum.
true
Bronzes are from the family of copper alloys.
false
Butt welding is not often used in industrial construction.
true
Cathodic protection systems can protect equipment indefinitely as long as sacrificial anodes are replaced and current flow is open
carbon steel piping
Constitutes most piping in process units because it is economical and has a wide temperature range. Made from low-carbon steel.
ASME code section VIII
Design code that governs vessels with pressures higher than 15 psig
flange
Disc, collar, or ring that attaches to pipe with the purpose of providing increased support for strength, blocking off a pipeline, or implementing the attachment of more items.
corrosion
Electrochemical reaction between metal surfaces and fluids that results in the gradual wearing away of the metal.
copper alloys
Family of alloys that contains copper and zinc.
true
Flanges are made in various thicknesses and for various bolt sizes according to the pressure and temperature of the service.
false
In a butt weld, one pipe is inserted into a larger fitting and welded.
cathode
In a galvanic cell, the location of the positive pole to allow the circuit to be completed. In cathodic protection, this is the protected metal.
true
In addition to specifying pipe by schedule, pipe is also sometimes specified as STD, XS, or XXS, along with pipe size
hammer testing
Inspection method that uses tapping to determine metal thickness by sound and feel.
Dye penetrant testing
Inspection method to identify cracks or imperfections, which show up as a bright red line.
false
Lead is a strong material at high temperature.
embrittlement
Loss of ductility of a material, making it brittle.
false
Low carbon steel is not a very satisfactory material for most plant applications due to its high price.
ductile
Materials that can be easily molded or shaped without breaking or losing toughness (e.g., copper, iron or gold).
brittle
Materials with hardness but little tensile strength, which break without significant deformation (e.g., ceramics and glass).
hardness
Measure of how resistant a material is to permanent deformation. Test readings indicate strength and ductility.
true
Measuring wall thickness through drilled holes, called trepanning, is the most accurate method when transfer calipers cannot be used
true
Most piping used in process units is carbon steel, because it is fairly economical and has a wide temperature range.
true
Nickel Alloys are used for processes that involve acids and caustics.
false
Nominal pipe sizes are usually the same as their actual inside or outside diameters.
false
Nonferrous Alloys contain large amounts of iron
true
O.D. = I.D + 2*wall thickness
bonding
Physical connection of two objects by a copper wire to prevent fire hazards.
elbow
Pipe fitting that looks like an "L" or partial "C" and used to route piping around bends.
flat face flange
Pipe fitting used to mate against cast equipment using a gasket that covers the entire flange face.
true
Piping fitting ratings of 150lb., 300lb., and 600lb. are common in chemical plants.
true
Piping of the same size (e.g., all 4" pipe) has a constant outside diameter.
true
Piping with threaded joints is generally much less expensive and easier to install than piping with welded joints.
blind
Plate for covering or closing the end of a pipe to gain a complete shutoff in piping.
grounding
Procedure to connect an object to the earth using a copper wire and connected to a grounding rod or grounding device.
false
Process equipment is designed exactly for normal operating pressure.
false
Schedule 10 pipe is considered heavy wall pipe
true
Screwed piping is used in sizes up to 2" for handling nonhazardous materials.
true
Screwed piping joints are tapered to provide a tight fit.
true
Socket-welded fittings are usually used in 2" size and smaller; butt-welding is used in all sizes, but particularly in 2" size and larger.
true
Some low alloys (carbon-, moly-, and chrome alloys) are used in high temperature service such as furnace tubes
Fitting pressure ratings
Specified using pound ratings (or lb. ratings) - 150, 300, 600, 900, 1500 and 2500, which refers to the maximum allowable non-shock pressure (psig).
false
Stainless steel is resistant to rusting but not corrosion
caustic
Substance with a high pH (>7) capable of burning or corroding by chemical action
acid
Substance with a low pH (<7) capable of burning or corroding by chemical action
cathodic protection
Technique used to control the corrosion of a metal surface by making it the cathode of an electrochemical cell.
true
The chemical industry has two methods to prevent fire hazards from static electric sparks - bonding and grounding.
true
The materials used in piping construction are chosen to withstand the temperature, pressure, and other properties of the fluids being conveyed.
true
The weakest part of screwed piping is usually the joints.
true
To secure the strength and oxidation (rusting) resistance of low carbon steel at high temperatures, small amounts of alloying elements are added.
false
Trepanning is not used to inspect the welding on new storage tanks or similar equipment.
true
Two methods of cathodic protection are using sacrificial anodes and using impressed current anodes.
double block and bleed
Two-valve system with vent to atmosphere to stop flow.
butt-welded piping
Type of piping connection in which the parts to be joined are beveled and welded together.
gutted piping
Type of piping to keep the conveyed fluid hot in which the fluid is conveyed through the outer pipe and the heating medium is conveyed through the inner pipe.
concentric reducer
Type of reducer used to maintain a constant centerline.
chromium steel
Type of steel that has a certain quantity of chromium, which withstands corrosion very well.
true
Underground water pipes can function as a grounding device.
true
Visual inspection is the most usual method for inspection.
true
When stainless steel is heated, it expands at a rate approximately 150% of that of steel, which becomes a problem when stainless steel is used in close contact with other metals.
false
XS pipe means "extra small" pipe.
blind flange
a flange that closes the end of a pipe. There is no opening for the passage of liquid or gas.
alloy
material consisting of two or more metals or a metal and a nonmetal.
cam-profile gasket
they are typically used with a sealing layer for greater flange surface protection and improved sealing effectiveness.
