HISTORY OF SETTLEMENT
Miletus
(ancient Greek city) 3 sections: for artisans,farmers, and the military
Neopolis and Paleopolis
(new and old cities)
2000-4000 B.C.
- Cities in the Fertile Crescent -Eridu -Babylon
Yellow River Valley of China
-"land within the passes".
Jericho: early settlement in Israel - 9000b.c.
-A well-organized community of about 3000 people -Built around a reliable source of freshwater -Only 3 hectares and enclosed with a circular stone wall -Overrun in about 6500 b.c., rectangular layouts followed
Tel-el-Amarna
-An example of a typical Egyptian city with the following: 1. Central Area 2. North Suburb 3. South City 4. Custom's House 5. Worker's Village
Catalhoyuk: early settlement in Turkey (Asia Minor)
-Circa 7000 b.c. -Largest neolithic city 13 hectares; 10,000 people -An intricately assembled complex without streets -Included shrines and quarters for specialized crafts, production of paintings, textile, metal, etc. -Rested on a new rationale for the city at that time- trade
3000 B.C.
-Cities of Thebes and Memphis along the Nile Valley - characterized by monumental architecture -cities had monumental avenues, colossal temple plazas and tombs cut from rock -worker's communities were built in cells along narrow roads
B.C-A.D.
-Elaborate network of cities in Mesoamerica were built by the Zapotecs, Mextecs, and Aztecs in rough rugged land. -Teotijuacan and Dzibilchatun
Khirokitia: early settlement in Cyprus - 5500 b.c
-First documented settlement with streets -The main street heading uphill was narrow but had a wider terminal, which may have been a social spot
Aegean Region
-Greek cities spread through this -westward to France and Spain
2500 B.C.
-Indus Valley (present day Pakistan) - Cities of Mohenjo - Daro and Harrapa: -administrative-religious centers with 40,000 inhabitants -archeological evidence indicates an advanced civilization lived here as there were housing variations, sanitary and sewage systems, etc.
7000 - 9000 b.c. NEOLITHIC CITIES
-Jericho: early settlement in Israel - 9000b.c. -Khirokitia: early settlement in Cyprus - 5500 b.c
Acropolis
-a religious and defensive structure up on the hills, with no definite geometrical plan -most famous
Roman Forums
-the Republican and Imperial Forum -Romans as engineers- built aqueducts, public baths, utility systems, fountains, -Developed housing variations and other spaces:
-Cities in the Fertile Crescent
-were formed by the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys of Mesopotamia.
INSULAE
3 to 6- storey apartments with storefronts
800 B.C.
Beijing
700 B.C.
GREEK CLASSICAL CITIES
Aegean Region
Greek cities spread through this
400 B.C.
Hippodamus
Ancient Times
Natural factors that affect the development and growth of urban areas: - Potential for natural calamities (fire, flood, volcano eruptions, etc.) -presence of fertile soil, bodies of water, and other natural resources - slope and terrain and other forms of natural defenses - climate - Innovations that influenced the development of the earliest cities - The plow and rectilinear farming. -Circular and radiocentric planning -for herding and eventually for defense -Catalhoyuk: early settlement in Turkey (Asia Minor)
1900 B.C.
Yellow River Valley of China Anyang
Eridu
acknowledged as the oldest city.
Roman Cities
adopted Greek forms but with different scale- monumental, had a social hierarchy
BASILICA
covered markets; later, law courts
"Polis"
defined as a "city-state"
Beijing
founded in approximately same location it's in today -present form originated in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)
Anyang
largest city of the Yellow River Valley
Damascus
oldest continually inhabited city
Hippodamus
the first noted urban planner. Introduced the grid system and the Agora (public marketplace)
Sparta and Athens
the largest cities (100-150T)
Babylon
the largest city with 80,000 inhabitants
CURIA
the local meeting hall; later, the capitol
DOMUS
traditional Roman house; with a central atrium
Teotijuacan and Dzibilchatun
were the largest cities.
