CMPE187 Exam 1 Study Guide
How many views of software quality are there? a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5
5
Which of the following is an example of closed boundary? A. x = 6 B. x+y > 18 C. x <= 9 D. A & B E. A & C
A & C
A mutant is said to be _______ when a test case causes a mutant to fail. a.Killed b.Non-killable c.Mutated d.Equivalent
Killed
All of these are approaches to debugging except: a. Brute Force b. Backtracking c. Sidestepping d. Cause Elimination
Sidestepping
The concept of a _____________ is used to model a program variable to identify data flow anomaly a. State-transition diagram b. State diagram c. UML diagram d. Class diagram
State-transition diagram
TRUE or FALSE: Mutation testing should be used to supplement traditional unit testing strategies and is not a testing strategy like control flow, data flow, or domain testing
TRUE
True or False? Verification means that the product is built correctly.
True
Choose all that you can do static testing on a) Pseudo Code b) API docs c) CPU d) Designs
a) Pseudo Code b) API docs d) Designs
Select all that are conceptual types of Data Flow Testing? a) Black Box b) Static c) White Box d) Dynamic e) Path f) Branch
b) Static d) Dynamic
Mutation score can be calculated by the equation: a.Total # of mutations / # of mutations detected b.# of mutations detected / Total # of mutations c.# of mutations detected / total # of tests d.Total # of tests / total # of mutations
# of mutations detected / Total # of mutations
How do you calculate the mutation score? a. # of mutations discovered / total # of mutations b. Total # of mutations / # of mutations discovered c. # of mutations discovered ^ total # of mutations
# of mutations discovered / total # of mutations
What is mutation? A. a small change in a program B. model to detect low level defect in the process of coding systems. C. model to detect high level defect in the process of coding systems. D. A & B E. B & C
A & B
What is a defect? a. A bug b. Mechanism that verifies the correctness of program inputs c. Valid/Invalid inputs d. State of the system; could lead to a failure
A bug
Which of the following about the presence of a data flow anomaly in a program is true? a.A data flow anomaly simply means that the program will fail, and therefore the programmer must fix the cause of the anomaly. b.A data flow anomaly simply means that the program may fail, and therefore the programmer must investigate the cause of the anomaly. c.A data flow anomaly simply means that the program would behave differently but not fail,therefore the programmer must expect the anomalous behavior.
A data flow anomaly simply means that the program may fail, and therefore the programmer must investigate the cause of the anomaly.
A domain error is caused by a) A data input causes the correct path but the output path is wrong b) A data input causes the incorrect but desired path c) A data input causes the incorrect path but the output path is right d) A data input causes the incorrect but undesired path
A data input causes the incorrect but undesired path
What is a control flow graph? a. A sequence of statements from entry to exit b. A graphical representation of a program's control structure c. A collection of all data entities read by routine whose values must be fixed priorto entering routine d. A set of predicates associated with a path
A graphical representation of a program's control structure
What is a test oracle? a.A means to determine correctness of a program's outputs. b.A means to predict what tests the program should have. c.A means to test a program's predictive capability.
A means to determine correctness of a program's outputs.
What is a predicate? A. A predicate is a logical function evaluated at a decision point B. Found or base something on. C. Input arguments to the routine D. Files
A predicate is a logical function evaluated at a decision point
What is a test driver? a. A program that invokes the unit under test b. A person that tests your code before sending it out to production c. A program that creates tests for your code d. A program that tests your source code for errors
A program that invokes the unit under test
What is a Unit? a) A segment of code defined by the developer b) The smallest piece of the code c) A and B d) None
A segment of code defined by the developer
In static unit testing an inspection is : a) A review where the author leads the team through a manual or simulated execution through predefined scenarios b) A superior member of the team looking through the source code c) A step-by-step peer group review of a work product, with each step checked against predetermined criteria d) A unit under test is taken out of the actual execution environment
A step-by-step peer group review of a work product, with each step checked against predetermined criteria
What is a mutation? a. A very simple change introduced in the system to see the robustness of the product b. Fully rewritten source code to improve logic of the program c. The changing of an IDE to prevent cross-platform errors d. An assumption made by the compiler to catch and test the program
A very simple change introduced in the system to see the robustness of the product
What is true of the relationship between static and dynamic testing? a) Static unit testing is not an alternative to dynamic unit testing b) Static and Dynamic analysis are complementary in nature c) They are performed concurrently with each other d) A and B e) A, B, and C
A, B, and C
Which of these tests is NOT apart of regression testing? a. Unit testing b. Integration testing c. System testing d. Acceptance testing
Acceptance testing
What is dynamic analysis? a. Actual program execution to expose possible program failure b. Examining code and figure out what might arise during run time c. Writing pseudo code d. Fixing syntax errors
Actual program execution to expose possible program failure
Which of the following is not one of the properties of a domain's boundaries? a. Extreme point b. Closed domain c. Adjacent boundary d. Open boundary
Adjacent Boundary
Which of these are NOT people involved during static testing? a) Moderator b) Administrator c) Author d) Record Keeper
Administrator
1. Which of the followings about Unit Testing are true? A. Static unit testing is not an alternative to dynamic unit testing B. Static and Dynamic analysis are complementary in nature C. In practice, partial dynamic unit testing is performed concurrently with static unit testing D. In practice, partial dynamic unit testing is performed concurrently with static unit testing E. All of above
All of above
Advantages of selecting paths based on defined criteria: A. Ensure that all program constructs are executed at least once B. Repeated selection of the same path is avoided. C. One can easily identify what features have been tested and what not. D. All of the Above
All of the Above
What is Complete Testing? A. Execute every path from entry to exit B. Execute every statement from entry to exit C. Execute every condition from entry to exit D. All of the Above
All of the Above
A common approach to debugging is: a.Backtracking b.Cause elimination c.Brute force d.All of the above
All of the above
An oracle is ___. a) What our expected output and actual output looks like b) Information about environment c) Should be the first thing to be created when testing d) Includes test cases e) All of the above
All of the above
Select all that are part of the software development cycle. a) Testing and integration b) Design c) Planning d) All of the above e) None of the above
All of the above
Static Testing can be performed on which of the following? A. Source code B. Pseudocode C. Backlogs D. All of the above
All of the above
What are the main objectives of testing? a. Success b. Reduce the risk of failures c. Reduce the cost d. All of the above
All of the above
Which is an approach to debugging a) Brute Force b) Cause Elimination c) Backtracking d) All of the above
All of the above
Which of the following are apart of Dynamic Unit Testing? a.Domain Testing b.Functional Program Testing c.Data Flow Testing d.All of the above
All of the above
Which of the following are objectives of testing: A. Reducing the risk of failure B. Reducing costs C. Checking if the software works well D. All of the above
All of the above
Which of the following criteria are from Static Unit Testing? a.Completeness b.Readability c.Minimal Functionality d.All of the above
All of the above
Which of the following represents a behavioral characteristic of a system: A. Efficiency B. Correctness C. Reliability D. All of the above
All of the above
Which one is an example of Static Analysis? A. Code Review B. Inspection C. Algorithm Analysis D. All of the above
All of the above
Check the following statements that are true about test drivers: a. They should have the capability to automatically check the success or failure of the unit being tested for each input test data b. They should check for memory leaks & problems in allocation and deallocation of memory if appropriate c. They should check that files opened/closed remain in the expected state after each test if the module opened/closed any files d. They are tightly coupled with the unit under test e. All of them
All of them
Which of the following are objectives of testing: a. Determine the software works b. Reduce the risk of failure c. All of these d. Reduce the cost of testing
All of these
Which of the following are objectives of testing? a. Determine the software works b. Reduce risk of failure c. Reduce Cost of Testing d. All of These
All of these
Which of the following are objectives of testing? a. Determine the software works b. Reduce risk of failure c. Reduce cost of testing d. All of these
All of these
Which of the following are unit testing frameworks? a. JUnit b. NUnit c. PyUnit d. All of these
All of these
Which of the following criteria are used during Static Unit Testing? a. Completeness b. Readability c. Minimal Functionality d. All of These
All of these
Which of these should be used during coding to prevent errors: a. Instrumentation b. Standard Controls c. Assertions d. All of these
All of these
In Path Coverage testing, which paths are executed at least once? A. Paths that are listed in a test oracle. B. Paths covered by both Branch Coverage testing and Statement Coverage testing. C. Paths not covered by Branch Coverage testing or Statement Coverage testing. D. All paths
All paths
When is 100% statement coverage achieved? a. All statements executed at least once. b. All statements executed twice. c. Main statements executed twice. d. Main statements executed at least once.
All statements executed at least once.
What does 100% statement coverage refer to? a. All paths have been completed b. ALL branches have been covered c. All statements have been ran at least once d. All test statements are correct
All statements have been ran at least once
The main reason for testing is? a. Reducing failure rate b. Checking the work of software. c. Avoiding extra d. All the above
All the above
Which of the following should be used while developing a software (code) in order to reduce error? a. Quality work b. Instrumentation c. Time management d. All the above
All the above
Which of these are NOT part of the Data Flow Testing Criteria a. All-p-uses/some-c-uses b. All-c-uses/some-p-uses c. All-e-uses d. All-du-paths
All-e-uses
Which is not part of the data flow testing criteria? a) All p-uses b) All-definitions c) All c-uses d) All-undefinition
All-undefinition
When does a shifted-boundary error occur? a. Boundary is open when it was intended for it to be closed b. Coefficients of the variables defining the boundary take up incorrect values c. An implemented boundary is parallel to intended boundary d. The first predicate uses ">" and the second predicate uses "<" c. An implemented boundary is parallel to intended boundary
An implemented boundary is parallel to intended boundary
What is a branch in CFG? A. An outgoing edge from a node B. An upward edge C. A node with no children D. None of the above
An outgoing edge from a node
What is the main idea in control flow testing? a. Carefully diagnose the selected paths through inputs that are generated randomly. b.Appropriately select a few paths in a program unit and observe outcomes of selected paths. c.Plan out the paths to be tested and rigorously test with test cases to try to break the program.
Appropriately select a few paths in a program unit and observe outcomes of selected paths.
Security Tests must verify that the system meets these security requirements: a. Scalability, Authenticity, Availability b. Availability, Confidentiality, Integrity c. Robustness, Integrity, Ease-of-use d. None of the above
Availability, Confidentiality, Integrity
Which of the following is not a testing level? a. Unit testing b. Integration testing c. System testing d. Acceptance testing e. Backlog testing
Backlog testing
What metrics can be recorded to for performance testing? a. CPU time, network connection time, bandwidth use b. Network connection time, waiting time, memory use c. CPU time, waiting time, network connection time d. Bandwidth use, memory use, CPU time
Bandwidth use, memory use, CPU time
Which system integration approach tests all modules individually and then does integration testing after integrating those individually tested modules? a. Big Bang b. Sandwich c. Top Down d. Bottom Up
Big Bang
You agreed to test Instagram's Story feature and have been given a beta version to run. This is an example of: a. White-box Testing b. Black-box Testing c. Dynamic Testing d. Static Testing
Black-box Testing
From a geometrical perspective, a domain is defined by a set of constraints called a. Boundary inequalities b. Constraints c. Edges d. Domain
Boundary inequalities
Executing every condition from entry to exit is known as: a. Path Coverage b. Statement Coverage c. Branch Coverage d. Complete Coverage
Branch Coverage
When implementing Control Flow Testing, If your test cases cover all outgoing edges of each rectangular node in the control flow graph, what path selection criterion have you achieved? a. Statement Coverage b. Branch Coverage c. All-Path Coverage d. Insurance Coverage e. Predicate Coverage
Branch Coverage
What is Validation? a. Build the right product b. Product is built in the right way
Build the right product
What is validation? A. Building the product correctly B. Building the right product C. Building software D. A and B
Building the right product
The variable y has been used to compute a value of x as: x = y +100. This is an example of: a. P-use b. C-use c. Definition d. None of the above
C-use
A Change Request (CR) of Static Unit Testing does NOT includes which following detail: a. Give a brief description of the issue b. CR resolved order based on issued timeline c. Assign a person to follow it up d. Set a deadline for addressing a CR
CR resolved order based on issued timeline
A point is said to be ______ if the points on the boundary are included in the domain of interest a. Closed b. Open
Closed
Implementing a conditional with a < instead of a ≤ is seen as a a) Shifted-Boundary Error b) Closure Error c) Tilted-Boundary Error d) Off By One Error
Closure Error
You are given a C++ routine that controls the iRobot Roomba and asked to check each step using criteria written in a coding style guide. This is an example of: A. Blackbox Testing B. Code Review C. Validation D. Walkthrough
Code Review
_________ is an example of static analysis a. Code analysis b. Running the program c. Running test cases.
Code analysis
Mutation testing makes two major assumptions a. Competent Programmer hypothesis & Coupling effects b. Arithmetic operator replacement and Relational operator replacement c. Statement deletion and return statement replacement
Competent Programmer hypothesis & Coupling effects
Which one is not a type of a program fault? A. Mission Control Flow Paths B. Logic fault C. Performance Fault D. Compiler Fault
Compiler Fault
A __________ occurs when a specific input data causes the correct path to execute but the output value is wrong. a. Computation error b. Domain error c. Processing error d. Output error
Computation error
What terms can be used to classify all programming statements? A. Return statements, Conditional Statements, Assignment Statements, Declaration statements. B. Conditional Statements and Assignment Statements C. Predicate Statements and Declarative Statements. D. Conditional Statements, Declarative Statements, Assignment Statements, Iterative Statements. E. Return statements, Conditional Statements, Assignment Statements, Declaration statements, and Iterative Statements.
Conditional Statements and Assignment Statements
Which is not one of the views of Software quality: a) Transcendental view b) User's view c) Manufacturing view d) Product view e) Consumer view
Consumer view
Successive execution of program statements is viewed as: a. Data Flow b. Path Flow c. Control Flow d. Execution Flow
Control Flow
A graphical representation of program execution flow is called a: A. Execution Flow Diagram B. Data Flow Diagram C. Control Flow Diagram D. Work Flow Diagram
Control Flow Diagram
______ is a graphical representation of program statement execution. a. Flow Chart b. Data Flow Diagram c. Execution Chart d. Control Flow Diagram
Control Flow Diagram
What is/are some technique(s) of structural testing? a. Control Flow Testing b. Mutation Testing c. Data Flow Testing d. Control Flow and Data Flow Testing
Control Flow and Data Flow Testing
Dynamic data flow testing bears similarity with a. Control flow testing b. Unit testing c. Static testing d. Domain testing
Control flow testing
Choose the types of expenses NOT associated with a testing process. a. Cost of designing, maintaining and executing test cases. b. Cost of analyzing the result of executing each test case. c. Cost of producing the bare minimum number of arbitrary test cases. d. Cost of documenting test cases e. Cost of executing the system and documenting it.
Cost of producing the bare minimum number of arbitrary test cases.
The motivation for verifying the correctness of data values "defined" -observe that all the "uses" of the value produce the desired results is of what type of testing? a. Control flow testing b. Mutation c. Data flow testing d. Domain testing
Data Flow Testing
Which of the following is not part of complete testing? a. Path coverage b. Branch coverage c. Statement coverage d. Data coverage
Data coverage
Which of these are not a path coverage? a. Statement coverage b. Branch coverage c. Data coverage d. Predicate coverage
Data coverage
What can the idea of program instrumentation detect? a. Bugs in code b. Compilation errors c. Data flow anomaly d. Incorrect types
Data flow anomaly
The process of determining cause of a failure is: a. Mutant b. Dynamic Unit Testing c. Debugging d. Test Driving
Debugging
The process of determining the cause of a failure is known as a.Testing b.Mutation c.Unit Testing d.Debugging
Debugging
Which of the following symbols in the a control flow graph creates a conditional statement where control can diverge? A. Decision point B. Process block C. Junction point D. None of the above
Decision point
Which of the following is not a key element of Total Quality Control (TQC)? a. Quality comes first, not short term profits b. The customer comes first, not the producer c. Decisions are not made on facts and data d. Management is participatory of all employees e. Manage is driven by cross-functional committees
Decisions are not made on facts and data
Which of the following is NOT a type of basic program statement? a.Conditional Statements b.Assignment Statements c.Declaration Statements
Declaration Statements
What is an advantage of conducting system integration testing? A. Makes the system entirely bug and error free B. Defects are detected early C. It would not be necessary to conduct unit testing D. Test cases do not have to be executed
Defects are detected early
What is an example of a type 1 anomaly? a. Defined and then defined again b. Undefined but referenced c. Defined but not referenced d. An abnormal way of doing something
Defined and then defined again
What are the three types of abnormal situations? a. Defined and then defined again Undefined but referenced Defined but not referenced b. Defined and then defined again Undefined and not referenced Defined but not referenced c. Defined and referenced Undefined but referenced Defined but not referenced d. Defined and referenced Undefined but referenced Defined and not used
Defined and then defined again Undefined but referenced Defined but not referenced
Which of these situations is a valid state of data flow? a. Defined and then defined again. b. Undefined, but referenced. c. Defined, but not referred, d. Defined and then referenced.
Defined and then referenced.
Which is not an abnormal situation when using variables? a) Defined and then defined again b) Undefined but referenced c) Defined but not referenced d) Defined and then undefined
Defined and then undefined
A Data Flow Diagram is a: A. Multi-directional Graph B. Loop Free Graph C. Undirected Graph D. Directed Graph
Directed Graph
A data flow graph is a _________ a. Undirected graph b. Directed graph c. Endless graph d. Multi-dimensional graph
Directed Graph
Which of the following is NOT a good guideline to follow in defect prevention? a. Validate input data, such as the arguments, passed to a function b. Use assertions to detect impossible conditions, undefined uses of data, and undesirable program behavior c. Provide good error messages to help users resolve the problem d. Do not check for logic errors in order to reduce time spent writing the code
Do not check for logic errors in order to reduce time spent writing the code
Which of the following adheres to Static Data Flow Testing: a.Do not execute the code b.Execute the code c.Ignore potential defects d.Ignore potential defects and analyze the code
Do not execute the code
An incorrect assignment which affects a variable used in the predicate would cause which type of error? a. Closure error b. Shifted-boundary error c. Tilted-boundary error d. Domain error
Domain Error
A _______ occurs when a specific input data causes the program to execute a wrong path a. Domain error b. Computation error c. User error d. Exception
Domain error
What is the first step of creating a data flow graph? A. Write out pseudo code for the entire source code B. Draw nodes for sequence of definitions and c-uses is associated with each node C. Identify the used variables D. Identify p-uses, c-uses and def-users of all variables.
Draw nodes for sequence of definitions and c-uses is associated with each node
Who is responsible for Quality? a. Everybody is responsible for quality b. The programmers c. The users
Everybody is responsible for quality
Who is responsible for quality? a. The developer b. The customer c. The project manager d. Everyone
Everyone
Who is responsible for the software quality testing? a. Project Manager b. QA Engineer c. Software developer d. Everyone
Everyone
Which of the following adheres to Dynamic Data Flow Testing: a.Do not execute the code b.Execute the code c.Ignore paths d.Calculate paths in a matrix
Execute the code
Which of the following in known as Branch Coverage? A. Executing every path from entry to exit B. Executing every statement from entry to exit C. Executing every condition from entry to exit D. None of the Above
Executing every condition from entry to exit
Which of the following is NOT apart of Static Unit Testing? a.Readiness b.Preparation c.Examination d.Execution
Execution
TRUE or FALSE: A mutant is said to be killed when the execution of a test case causes it to succeed and the mutant is considered to be dead
FALSE
TRUE or FALSE: Statement coverage is one of the strongest coverage criterion in program testing
FALSE
______ is said to occur whenever the external behavior of a system does not conform to that prescribed in the system specification a. Error b. Failure c. Fault d. Defect
Failure
A computational error executes the wrong path because of a fault in the assignment statement True or False
False
A mutant is called immortal or stubborn if the existing set of test cases is insufficient to kill it. (True/False)
False
Comparing of two Data Flow Testing criteria c1 and c2. If c1 includes c2, then c1 must strictly includes c2. a.True b.False
False
During the course of code check both the writer of the code as well as the code itself is evaluated? a. True b. False
False
Dynamic Analysis consists of code review, walkthrough and algorithm analysis. a. True b. False
False
Global variables can be eliminated by a process called symbolic execution True or False
False
If all possible combinations of truth values of the conditions affecting a path have been explored under some tests, predicate coverage has not been achieved. True or False
False
Only source code can be inspected during a code review? a. True b. False
False
Static and Dynamic Analysis are not complementary. a. True b. False
False
Static testing requires the problem to be executed a) True b) False
False
Stress tests put a system under stress in order to determine the limitations of a system and, when it fails, to determine the manner in which the failure occurs. a. True b. False
False
The development for a system is a form of validation. a) True b) False
False
True or false? Black box testing is known as structural testing.
False
True or false? White box testing is known as functional testing.
False
In software testing, what is the sequential order in which these take place? a.Fault -> Error -> Failure b.Error -! Fault -! Failure c.Fault -! Failure -! Error
Fault -> Error -> Failure
Implanting a certain number of defects, during testing, into a program is known as: a.Program Mutation b.Fault Seeding c.Program Seeding d.Fault Mutation
Fault Seeding
What are two methods for evaluating test adequacy? a.Fault Seeding and Program Mutation b.Enhancement increase and Speed enforcers c.Unit Testing and Debugging d.Criteria and Roles
Fault Seeding and Program Mutation
In which of the techniques below, Input/output domains are defined to compute the input values that will cause the unit to produce expected output values? A. Control flow testing B. Functional program testing C. Data flow testing D. Data testing
Functional program testing
Which of the following tests provide comprehensive testing over the full range of requirements, within the capabilities of the system. A. Performance Tests B. Functionality Tests C. Reliability Tests D. Scalability Tests
Functionality Tests
The test level for a system requires what type of development before deployment? a) Coding b) Detailed design c) High-level design d) Requirements
High-level design
What is an infeasible path? a.If there exists an input data which causes the program to execute that path and throw an exception. b.If there exists an input data which causes the program to infinitely execute that path. c.If there is no input data that exists which causes the program to execute that path.
If there is no input data that exists which causes the program to execute that path.
When there is no input to execute the path, this is a: a. Executable Path b. Infeasible Path c. Complete Path d. Process Block
Infeasible Path
A programmer manipulates data in several different ways: a. Sanitization, assignment, initialization, using in a computation b. Deletion, initialization, assignment, using in a condition c. Transferring, deletion, using in a computation, initialization d. Initialization, assignment, using in a computation, using in a condition
Initialization, assignment, using in a computation, using in a condition
What is an input value that is valid, but not properly timed? a. Inopportune b. Valid c. Late d. Invalid
Inopportune
The set of all possible input to a program unit is known as an: A. Input Domain B. Input Vector C. Input Dataset D. Input Data Domain
Input Domain
The set of all possible input to a program unit is known as an: A. Input Data Domain B. Input Domain C. Input Dataset D. Input Vector
Input Domain
A test case is simple pair of what? A. Input, Actual output B. Expected output, Actual output C. Input, Expected output D. None of the above
Input, Expected output
In an open domain where should an OFF point reside? a. On the boundary of the domain b. There are no OFF points in an open domain c. Inside of the domain d. Outside of the domain
Inside of the domain
What are the two techniques applied during static unit testing? a. Inspection and Walkthrough b. Compiling and Running the Code c. Inspection and Testing d. Compiling and Inspection of Results
Inspection and Walkthrough
What is instrumentation code? a.Internal diagnostic tools that are built into units. b.Internal diagnostic tools that are imported from libraries. c.Internal diagnostic tools that are built from scratch.
Internal diagnostic tools that are built into units.
Which type of integration testing tests interactions between independent systems? a. Intersystem testing b. Intrasystem testing c. Pairwise testing d. None of these
Intersystem testing
Select all that describes c-use (it can be one) a) It directly affects the computation being performed b) It is abbreviation for commercial-use c) It refers to the use of a variable in a predicate controlling the flow execution d) It is part of the flow-diagram
It directly affects the computation being performed
Which of the following describes p-use? a) It refers to the use of a variable in a predicate controlling the flow execution b) It directly affects the computation being performed c) It is abbreviation for precious-use d) None of the above
It refers to the use of a variable in a predicate controlling the flow execution
When a test case fails it is then called as? a. Mutated b. Killed c. Prosecuted d. Assassinated
Killed
Which of the following is a path in which all nodes are distinct. A. Simple path B. Loop-free path C. Complete path D. Du-path
Loop-free path
In unit testing, which of the following is NOT considered a role for code review? A. Manager B. Presenter C. Observer D. Moderator
Manager
In unit testing, which tool can be used for detecting the following: - Illegal read - Access/reads to memory which hasn't been initialized or allocated - Dynamic memory overwrites to a memory location that has not been allocated to the application a. Bound Checker b. Memory Leak Detectors c. Code Auditor d. Interactive Debugger
Memory Leak Detectors
If all the path in a Control Flow Graph are selected, then one can detect all faults, except those due to _________ errors. a) Missing Path b) Missing Flow c) Segmentation Fault d) Missing Branch
Missing Path
What is meant by the term "Equivalent" in the domain of testing? A. Test fails with mutant B. Program with fault introduced in it C. Test case is able to discover the fault D. Mutant passes the test suite
Mutant passes the test suite
Which is NOT a type of system test? A. Stress B. Mutation C. Documentation D. Reliability
Mutation
The process of finding the cause of a failure and avoiding them is called? a. Mutating b. Root cause c. Fault finding d. None of the above
None of the above
What is not a type of mutation? a) Changing the order of parameters in a call b) Relational operator replacement c) Statement deletion d) Removing an overloading method e) None of the above
None of the above
Which of these test determine that the system remains stable as it cycles through the integration of other subsystems and through maintenance tasks a. Reliability tests b. Load and Stability c. Documentation tests d. None of the above
None of the above
The process of discovering the causes of a failure and eliminating them is called: A. Mutating B. Root Cause Analysis C. None of these D. Fault finding
None of these
What does a low mutation score for an Oracle indicate? A. Effective B. Not Effective C. Not a feasible D. B and C
Not Effective
How do you determine the mutation score for mutation testing? A.Total number of mutations divided by the number of mutations score B.The sum of all mutations discovered C.Total number of mutations divided by the number of lines of code in the program D.Number of mutations discovered divided by the total number of mutations
Number of mutations discovered divided by the total number of mutations
Consider the boundary x + 7*y >= 6. The point (-1,1) is an: a. ON point b. OFF point c. None of the above d. Indeterminate
ON point
Which of the following is not one of the views of Software Quality? a. Manufacturing View b. User's View c. Owner's View d. Product View e. Value-based View
Owner's View
Executing every path from entry to exit is known as: a. Path Coverage b. Statement Coverage c. Branch Coverage d. Complete Coverage
Path Coverage
Executing individual program statements and observing the output is known as: a. Path Coverage b. Branch Coverage c. Program Coverage d. Full Coverage
Path Coverage
What is Complete Path (Entry - Exit Path) in control flow testing? a) Testing all inputs and associated outputs of the program b) Path starts at the entry of a routine and ends at its exit c) Path starts at the first line of the program and ends at the last line d) The complete path is found in the test Oracle
Path starts at the entry of a routine and ends at its exit
4 p's of software engineering? a. Product, process, proposal, project b. People, product, project, process c. Project, process, product, purpose d. Process, project, product, pros
People, product, project, process
Which of the following is NOT a logic fault? A. Requirement fault B. Construction fault C. Performance fault D. Design Fault
Performance fault
What is Verification? a. Build the right product b. Product is built in the right way
Product is built in the right way
Making a small change to a program for testing purposes is known as: a. Program Culmination b. Program Mutation c. Program Contamination d. Structural Change
Program Mutation
Minor change made to program during the testing is? a. Program Culmination b. Program Mutation c. Structural Change d. Program Contamination
Program Mutation
In the case of mutations, what is a mutant? a. Program with a fault introduced b. Result of program execution c. Syntax error d. Runtime error
Program with a fault introduced
Which of these are key elements of Total Quality Control/ a. Quality and Customer come first b. Profits are the most important c. Decisions are based on manager's whim d. Management is centralized
Quality and Customer come first
In what way to test reliability? a. Unit Testing b. White Box Testing c. Random Testing
Random testing
Reliability can be tested via? a. Long term testing b. Modularized testing c. Random testing d. Normal testing
Random testing
What is the order of code review? a) Readiness, Preparation, Examination, Re-work, Validation, Exit b) Readiness, Examination, Preparation, Re-work, Validation, Exit c) Readiness, Examination, Preparation, Validation, Re-work, Exit d) Readiness, Preparation, Examination, Validation, Re-work, Exit
Readiness, Preparation, Examination, Re-work, Validation, Exit
What are the steps for static unit testing? a) Readiness, preparation, examination, re-work, validation b) Requirements, functional specification, high-level design, low-level design, code c) Draw, select, identify, derive, solve d) Create plan, define requirements, create test specifications, test, revise
Readiness, preparation, examination, re-work, validation
All of the following are mutations except: a.Removing an overriding function b.Changing the order of parameters in a function call c.Refactoring a method d.Changing an attribute from public to private
Refactoring a method
What action would cause a type 2 anomaly? a. Redefining a variable without using the initial value b. Introducing a fault into the initialization of a variable c. Referencing an undefined variable d. Defining a variable but not referencing it
Referencing an undefined variable
Which of the following techniques isn't used to uncover faults in unit testing? a) Data Flow Testing b) Regression Fault Testing c) Domain Testing d) Functional Program Testing
Regression Fault Testing
___________ is one of the characteristics of quality where the program behaves consistently a. Reliability b. Extensibility c. Robustness d. Understandability
Reliability
What is the correct software life cycle? A. Requirement -> Analysis-> Design-> Coding-> Testing-> Deployment B. Requirement -> Deployment-> Analysis-> Design-> Testing C. Coding-> Requirement -> Analysis-> Design->Testing-> Deployment D. Analysis-> Design-> Coding-> Testing-> Deployment-> Requirement
Requirement -> Analysis-> Design-> Coding-> Testing-> Deployment
A test that determines the ability for a system to take faulty input and other failure situations is a a) Functionality Test b) Performance Test c) Stress Test d) Robustness Test
Robustness Test
Which examines the code and reasons overall behaviors that might arise during run time? a. Role of Testing b. Software Quality c. Objectives of Testing d. Concept of Complete Testing
Role of Testing
Advantages of selecting paths based on defined criteria: a. Ensure that all program constructs are executed at least once. b. Save testing needed resources. c. Repeated selection of the same path is avoided. d. One can easily identify what features have been tested and what not.
Save testing needed resources.
Two modules that share blocks of memory and can read/write them have implemented a a) Shared Memory Interface b) Procedure Call Interface c) Message Passing Interface d) Pointer Sharing Interface
Shared Memory Interface
Which is a Type of Domain Errors occurs when the implemented boundary is parallel to the intended boundary a. Shifted-boundary error b. Tilted-boundary error c. Closure error d. Open boundary
Shifted-boundary error
What is mutation? a) Simple changes in the program b) Combination of conditionals and statements c) Code Review d) Debugging
Simple changes in the program
You CAN'T do static testing on: a) Psuedo code b) Backlog c) Software d) API docs e) Design
Software
What is an error? a. A bug b. When the external behavior does not conform to the system specification c.Something that could lead to a failure
Something that could lead to a failure
Can your program containing a data flow anomaly execute? a. No, compilation error b. No, runtime error c. Sometimes d. Yes
Sometimes
Static data flow testing is performed by analyzing the _________ a) Source code b) Documentation c) Data Flow Diagram d) Reference types
Source code
Which of the following is a static testing? a. Verification b. Validation c. Spell checking d. Load testing
Spell checking
All of the following are true EXCEPT: a. Statement coverage covers all nodes in a CFG at least once b. Branch coverage covers all edges of all nodes in a CFG at least once c. Predicate coverage covers all different combinations of evaluation inputs and outputs at decision nodes in a CFG at least once d. Statement coverage includes branch coverage
Statement coverage includes branch coverage
What are all the coverage metrics for control flow testing? A. Statement coverage, branch coverage, and predicate coverage. B. Path coverage and condition coverage C. Program and execution coverage D. All of the above
Statement coverage, branch coverage, and predicate coverage.
What is a Process Block? a) A place where control can diverge b) Where control flow merges c) Statements uninterrupted by decisions or junctions d) The code inside of a loop
Statements uninterrupted by decisions or junctions
This term describes the process of code being reviewed by applying techniques such as inspection and walkthrough. A. Static Unit Testing B. Dynamic Unit Testing C. Control Flow Testing D. Data Flow Testing
Static Unit Testing
Data flow testing can be a. Dynamic and Erroneous b. Static and Rustic c. Static and Dynamic d. Erroneous and Rustic
Static and Dynamic
Data flow testing can be performed at what two conceptual levels? a. Static and Dynamic b. Upper and lower c. Black and Gray d. Left and right
Static and Dynamic
What is the main difference between dynamic and static testing? A. Static testing does not test every single path B. Dynamic testing tests units whereas static testing tests pseudo code C. Static testing review code but does not run code D. Dynamic testing uses different inputs to test each unit
Static testing review code but does not run code
What are three types of system tests? a. Stress, performance, scalability b. Stress, flexibility, robustness c. Robustness, verification, performance d. Flexibility, scalability, stress
Stress, performance, scalability
What is control flow? a. Successive execution of program statements b. Methods c. Loops
Successive execution of program statements
Which type of testing uses common approaches such as Sandwich, Top-down, Big-bang,...? a. System Integration Testing b. Domain Testing c. Data Flow Testing d. None of the above
System Integration Testing
TRUE or FALSE: In a control flow diagram, rectangles are used to represent sequential computation(s), each one corresponding to one statement in the source code
TRUE
TRUE or FALSE: The test driver and stubs together are referred to as scaffolding
TRUE
Which of the following describes Oracle? a) Condition that causes the software to fail to perform its required. b) State of system c) Tells us what is our inputs and what is our outputs look like as well as testing d) the inability of a system or component to perform required function.
Tells us what is our inputs and what is our outputs look like as well as testing
In dynamic unit testing the caller unit is called : a) Stubs b) Unit Under Test c) Caller Unit d) Test Driver
Test Driver
Which of the following are typically involved in a test automation framework? a. Test Plan b. JUnit Test c. PyUnit Test d. All of these
Test Plan
What is static unit testing? a. Testing code when a milestone has been completed b. Writing complete program then testing it c. Testing the backend database d. A unity is taken out of its actual execution environment and tested
Testing code when a milestone has been completed
What is Static Unit Testing? a. Testing that involves examining the code for all behaviors. b.Testing that involves executing the code and observing its behavior. c.Testing that involves modifying then executing the code in order to see what breaks.
Testing that involves examining the code for all behaviors.
What is Dynamic Unit Testing? a. Testing that involves examining the code for all behaviors. b. Testing that involves executing the code and observing its behavior. c. Testing that involves modifying then executing the code in order to see what breaks.
Testing that involves executing the code and observing its behavior.
What is Static Testing? a) Testing the code using the same environment b) Testing the code without running it c) Using static methods to test the code d) Using a testing method that doesn't change
Testing the code without running it
What is Black Box Testing? a) Unit Testing b) Testing without looking at the internal code structure c) In house testing
Testing without looking at the internal code structure.
What is a fault? a. Something that could lead to a failure b. The adjudged cause of an error c. When the external behavior does not conform to the system specification
The adjudged cause of an error
What is a Fault? a) The cause of an error; a bug in the system b) State of the system c) When the output does not meet expectations d) When the code crashes or quits unexpectedly
The cause of an error; a bug in the system
How do we determine the state of the program? A. The current values of all the global variables. B. The current values of all variables. C. The current values of all variables and statements executed. D. The current values of all variables and predicate statements executed.
The current values of all the global variables.
What is the definition of scope? a. Measuring the "defect revealing ability" of test suite b. Examining source code with a focus on control flow and data flow c. Set of ideas, facts, or circumstances within d. The domain or extent of the test activities
The domain or extent of the test activities
A mutation is considered killed if: a. The mutation is not detected by the testing oracle b. The mutation changes the input values of the testing oracle c. The mutation is equivalent to another mutation d. The mutation results in a test failure
The mutation results in a test failure
The term "defect density" can be best described as: A. The number of failures in a given time B. The number of errors in a given time C. The number of faults in a given time D. The number of mutations in a given time
The number of failures in a given time
The term "defect rate" can be best described as: A. The probability of escapes in a mutation test B. The probability of failure in a given time C. The probability of run time error in a program D. The probability of faults appearing in a program
The probability of failure in a given time
Input domain is a) All data that a function can take b) The set of all input data to the program c) The upper and lower bound of data for a CFG graph path d) A point of interest for a program
The set of all input data to the program
What is the incremental technique of testing? a. Program is looked back on and modules are created b. The system is built as a succession of layers c. Top-down and bottom-up approaches used d. Adding boughten code and utilizing it, then testing
The system is built as a succession of layers
Complete or exhaustive testing means a)There are undisclosed faults at the end of test phase b)There are no undisclosed faults at the end of test phase c)The domain of possible inputs of a program is too large d)All of the above
There are no undisclosed faults at the end of test phase
Which is not a Control Flow Assumption? a) There are still bugs in the code b) We have correct specifications c) Data can be accessed correctly d) Definitions of data are correct
There are still bugs in the code
What do condition do? a. To alter the flow of the program b. To create only one path c. System requirements
To alter the flow of the program
What are the 5 views of software quality? a) Employee, User's, Transcendental, Product, Manufacturing b) Transcendental, User's, Manufacturing, Product, Value-based c) Transcendental, Value-based, Profit-based, Product, User's d) Manufacturing, Software, Hardware, Product, Profit
Transcendental, User's, Manufacturing, Product, Value-based
100% Statement Coverage means it implies 100% Branch Coverage True or False
True
100% branch coverage means selecting a set of paths such that each branch is included on some path. a)True b)False
True
100% branch coverage means selecting a set of paths such that each branch is included on some path. a. True b. False
True
100% path coverage may be impractical True or False
True
A quality criterion is an attribute of a quality factor that is related to software development. (True/False)
True
A quality factor represents behavioral characteristic of a system.(True/False)
True
A simple path is a path in which all nodes, except possibly the first and the last, are distinct. (True/False)
True
Assertion help detect impossible conditions? a. True b. False
True
Modules are assembled to construct larger subsystem and tested that called Integration testing. (True/False)
True
Program Path is a sequence of statements from entry to exit. A. True B. False
True
Static Testing and Dynamic Testing are mutually complementary? a. True b. False
True
Testing can reveal the presence of faults, but not their absence: a. True b. False
True
Testing can reveal the presence of faults, but not their absence? a. True b. False
True
Unit testing is individual program units, such as a procedure, methods in isolation. (True/False)
True
Verification allows the system to integrated to any external or third party systems defined in the requirements. (True/False)
True
Verification means building the product correctly, whereas validation means building the correct product a. True b. False
True
True or False? Validation means that the correct product is built.
True
How many kinds of programming statements are there? A. One B. Two C. Three D. Five
Two
______________ is one of the 3 types of anomalies in Data Flow Testing a. Undefined but Referenced b. Defined and Referenced c. Undeclared and Uninstantiated d. Declared and Used
Undefined but Referenced
What is a unit in unit testing? a) Unit is anything you want to test. You need to define it. b) Specific function c) Specific variable d) A whole program
Unit is anything you want to test. You need to define it.
How should do you test modules? a. Print statements b. Unit testing c. System testing d. Code review
Unit testing
Which is not part of a complete testing for control flow testing? a) Statement testing b) Unit testing c) Path testing d) Branch testing
Unit testing
When the system satisfies the contractual acceptance criteria, this is: a. User Acceptance Testing b. Business Acceptance Testing c. Integration Testing d. Unit Testing
User Acceptance Testing
"Build the right product" is an example of: a) Unit Testing b) Verification c) Validation d) Static Testing
Validation
Activities of this kind help us in confirming that a product meets its intended use. ______ activities aim at confirming that a product meets its customer's expectations. In other words, ______ activities focus on the final product, which is extensively tested from the customer point of view. ______ establishes whether the product meets overall expectations of the users. A. Verification B. Confirmation C. Validation D. Testing
Validation
Are we building the right product? a. Verification b. Validation c. Confusion d. None of the above
Validation
________ Is building the right product a. Validation b. Verification
Validation
Which of these is NOT a software module? a. Collection b. Function c. Variable d. Class
Variable
Are we building the product right? a. Checking b. Verification c. Validation d. Evaluation
Verification
In the story of the three little pigs, the first two pass: A. Verification B. Static Testing C. Robustness Testing D. Validation
Verification
This kind of activity helps us in evaluating a software system by determining whether the product of a given development phase satisfies requirements established before the start of that phase. ______ activities check the correctness of a development phase. A. Validation B. Evaluation C. Verification D. Checking
Verification
_________ is building the product right a. Verification b. Validation
Verification
In the story of the 3 little pigs, the brick house passed: a. Verification and Validation b. Verification c. Validation d. Building Inspection
Verification and Validation
What are the main things we test for when testing for quality assurance? a. Verification and Validation b. Verification and Verbalization c. Valuation and Variation d. Validation and Visualization
Verification and Validation
What is a domain error? a. When specific input data causes the program to execute a wrong, undesired path in the program, and the output value is wrong b. When specific input data causes the program to execute a correct, desired path in the program, but the output value is wrong c. When input data is not provided d. None of the above
When specific input data causes the program to execute a wrong, undesired path
When do we stop analyzing? a. When we breakdown the problem into units. b. When the programmer cannot find more errors c. When the code reviewers are tired.
When we breakdown the problem into units.
What is the decision point in Software testing? A. Where control can diverge B. Statements uninterrupted by decisions or junctions C. Where control flow merges D. When outside method is called
Where control can diverge
A test oracle is ________. A. an outcome of program execution B. a mechanism that verifies the correctness of program outputs C. a sequence of values which must be interpreted together for the outcome to be valid D. the domain of possible inputs of a program
a mechanism that verifies the correctness of program outputs
Pick the limitations of testing. a. Confirming program correctness b. Takes too long c. We don't know the expected output d. Test-fix-retest cycles
a. Confirming program correctness c. We don't know the expected output
Assignment and Conditional statements are the two basic kinds of program statements. a. True b. False
a. True
What is the relationship between a test drive rand a stub? a. A stub is a program that invokes the unit under test. A test driver is a "dummy subprogram" that replaces a unit that is called by another unit under test b. A test driver is a program that invokes the unit under test. A stub is a "dummy subprogram" that replaces a unit that is called by another unit under test c. They are interchangeable terms d. They are completely unrelated
b. A test driver is a program that invokes the unit under test. A stub is a "dummy
100% path coverage is the most practical way to execute Control Flow Testing, regardless of the program. a. True b. False
b. False
Static unit testing can completely replace dynamic unit testing. a. True b. False
b. False
During mutant testing, the team was able to kill 9 mutants out of 12 total. What was the corresponding mutation score? a. 90% b. 10% c. 75% d. 25%
c. 75%
A boundary is said to be closed if _______ a. the points of the boundary do not belong to the domain of interest b. it contains a point where two or more boundaries cross c. the points on the boundary are included in the domain of interest d. it is part of a closed domain
c. the points on the boundary are included in the domain of interest
Which one of the following could not be an outcome of program execution? a. values produced by the program b. state change c. a sequence or set of values d. control flow
control flow
Which of the following are said to be interface errors? a. Misuse of interface b. Timing/performance problems c. Inadequate error processing d All of the above e. None of the above
d. All of the above
Which of the following could be considered Data Flow anomalies? a. A variable being defined and then defined again b. A variable being undefined but referenced c. A variable being defined but not referenced d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Which of the following is not one of the Five Views of Software Engineering? a. Transcendental view b. User's view c. Manufacturing view d. Engineering view
d. Engineering view
Code reviews involve people with different roles to participate. Which one of the following roles selects the reviewers, schedules, the review meetings, and guides the place of the review process? a. Record Keeper b. Presenter c. Author d. Moderator
d. Moderator
Which of the following are not classes of program error? a. Computation error- b. Domain error c. All of the above d. None of the above
d. None of the above
Which of the following is not an approach for system integration testing? a. Incremental b. Top-down c. Sandwich d. Big-bang e. These are all approaches to system integration testing
e. These are all approaches to system integration testing
The mutant is killed if a. the test is fails with the mutant b. the test passes c. Fault is undiscovered d. Mutant passes test suite
the test is fails with the mutant
2. The purpose of test planning and design is ________. A. to get ready and organized for test execution B. to increase productivity of the testers C. to reduce durations of the testing phases D. to retain test engineers management
to get ready and organized for test execution
In which path is all nodes, except possibly the first and the last, are distinct. a)Complete path b)Loop-free paths c)Simple path d)All the above
Simple path