CMPE187 Exam 1 Study Guide

How many views of software quality are there? a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5

5

Which of the following is an example of closed boundary? A. x = 6 B. x+y > 18 C. x <= 9 D. A & B E. A & C

A & C

A mutant is said to be _______ when a test case causes a mutant to fail. a.Killed b.Non-killable c.Mutated d.Equivalent

Killed

All of these are approaches to debugging except: a. Brute Force b. Backtracking c. Sidestepping d. Cause Elimination

Sidestepping

The concept of a _____________ is used to model a program variable to identify data flow anomaly a. State-transition diagram b. State diagram c. UML diagram d. Class diagram

State-transition diagram

TRUE or FALSE: Mutation testing should be used to supplement traditional unit testing strategies and is not a testing strategy like control flow, data flow, or domain testing

TRUE

True​ or False? Verification means that the product is built correctly.

True

Choose all that you can do static testing on a) Pseudo Code b) API docs c) CPU d) Designs

a) Pseudo Code b) API docs d) Designs

Select all that are conceptual types of Data Flow Testing? a) Black Box b) Static c) White Box d) Dynamic e) Path f) Branch

b) Static d) Dynamic

Mutation score can be calculated by the equation: a.Total # of mutations / # of mutations detected b.# of mutations detected / Total # of mutations c.# of mutations detected / total # of tests d.Total # of tests / total # of mutations

# of mutations detected / Total # of mutations

How do you calculate the mutation score? a. # of mutations discovered / total # of mutations b. Total # of mutations / # of mutations discovered c. # of mutations discovered ^ total # of mutations

# of mutations discovered / total # of mutations

What is mutation? A. a small change in a program B. model to detect low level defect in the process of coding systems. C. model to detect high level defect in the process of coding systems. D. A & B E. B & C

A & B

What is a defect? a. A bug b. Mechanism that verifies the correctness of program inputs c. Valid/Invalid inputs d. State of the system; could lead to a failure

A bug

Which of the following about the presence of a data flow anomaly in a program is true? a.A data flow anomaly simply means that the program will fail, and therefore the programmer must fix the cause of the anomaly. b.A data flow anomaly simply means that the program may fail, and therefore the programmer must investigate the cause of the anomaly. c.A data flow anomaly simply means that the program would behave differently but not fail,therefore the programmer must expect the anomalous behavior.

A data flow anomaly simply means that the program may fail, and therefore the programmer must investigate the cause of the anomaly.

A domain error is caused by a) A data input causes the correct path but the output path is wrong b) A data input causes the incorrect but desired path c) A data input causes the incorrect path but the output path is right d) A data input causes the incorrect but undesired path

A data input causes the incorrect but undesired path

What is a control flow graph? a. A sequence of statements from entry to exit b. A graphical representation of a program's control structure c. A collection of all data entities read by routine whose values must be fixed priorto entering routine d. A set of predicates associated with a path

A graphical representation of a program's control structure

What is a test oracle? a.A means to determine correctness of a program's outputs. b.A means to predict what tests the program should have. c.A means to test a program's predictive capability.

A means to determine correctness of a program's outputs.

What is a predicate? A. A predicate is a logical function evaluated at a decision point B. Found or base something on. C. Input arguments to the routine D. Files

A predicate is a logical function evaluated at a decision point

What is a test driver? a. A program that invokes the unit under test b. A person that tests your code before sending it out to production c. A program that creates tests for your code d. A program that tests your source code for errors

A program that invokes the unit under test

What is a Unit? a) A segment of code defined by the developer b) The smallest piece of the code c) A and B d) None

A segment of code defined by the developer

In static unit testing an inspection is : a) A review where the author leads the team through a manual or simulated execution through predefined scenarios b) A superior member of the team looking through the source code c) A step-by-step peer group review of a work product, with each step checked against predetermined criteria d) A unit under test is taken out of the actual execution environment

A step-by-step peer group review of a work product, with each step checked against predetermined criteria

What is a mutation? a. A very simple change introduced in the system to see the robustness of the product b. Fully rewritten source code to improve logic of the program c. The changing of an IDE to prevent cross-platform errors d. An assumption made by the compiler to catch and test the program

A very simple change introduced in the system to see the robustness of the product

What is true of the relationship between static and dynamic testing? a) Static unit testing is not an alternative to dynamic unit testing b) Static and Dynamic analysis are complementary in nature c) They are performed concurrently with each other d) A and B e) A, B, and C

A, B, and C

Which of these tests is NOT apart of regression testing? a. Unit testing b. Integration testing c. System testing d. Acceptance testing

Acceptance testing

What is dynamic analysis? a. Actual program execution to expose possible program failure b. Examining code and figure out what might arise during run time c. Writing pseudo code d. Fixing syntax errors

Actual program execution to expose possible program failure

Which of the following is not one of the properties of a domain's boundaries? a. Extreme point b. Closed domain c. Adjacent boundary d. Open boundary

Adjacent Boundary

Which of these are NOT people involved during static testing? a) Moderator b) Administrator c) Author d) Record Keeper

Administrator

1. Which of the followings about Unit Testing are true? A. Static unit testing is not an alternative to dynamic unit testing B. Static and Dynamic analysis are complementary in nature C. In practice, partial dynamic unit testing is performed concurrently with static unit testing D. In practice, partial dynamic unit testing is performed concurrently with static unit testing E. All of above

All of above

Advantages of selecting paths based on defined criteria: A. Ensure that all program constructs are executed at least once B. Repeated selection of the same path is avoided. C. One can easily identify what features have been tested and what not. D. All of the Above

All of the Above

What is Complete Testing? A. Execute every path from entry to exit B. Execute every statement from entry to exit C. Execute every condition from entry to exit D. All of the Above

All of the Above

A common approach to debugging is: a.Backtracking b.Cause elimination c.Brute force d.All of the above

All of the above

An oracle is ___. a) What our expected output and actual output looks like b) Information about environment c) Should be the first thing to be created when testing d) Includes test cases e) All of the above

All of the above

Select all that are part of the software development cycle. a) Testing and integration b) Design c) Planning d) All of the above e) None of the above

All of the above

Static Testing can be performed on which of the following? A. Source code B. Pseudocode C. Backlogs D. All of the above

All of the above

What are the main objectives of testing? a. Success b. Reduce the risk of failures c. Reduce the cost d. All of the above

All of the above

Which is an approach to debugging a) Brute Force b) Cause Elimination c) Backtracking d) All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following are apart of Dynamic Unit Testing? a.Domain Testing b.Functional Program Testing c.Data Flow Testing d.All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following are objectives of testing: A. Reducing the risk of failure B. Reducing costs C. Checking if the software works well D. All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following criteria are from Static Unit Testing? a.Completeness b.Readability c.Minimal Functionality d.All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following represents a behavioral characteristic of a system: A. Efficiency B. Correctness C. Reliability D. All of the above

All of the above

Which one is an example of Static Analysis? A. Code Review B. Inspection C. Algorithm Analysis D. All of the above

All of the above

Check the following statements that are true about test drivers: a. They should have the capability to automatically check the success or failure of the unit being tested for each input test data b. They should check for memory leaks & problems in allocation and deallocation of memory if appropriate c. They should check that files opened/closed remain in the expected state after each test if the module opened/closed any files d. They are tightly coupled with the unit under test e. All of them

All of them

Which of the following are objectives of testing: a. Determine the software works b. Reduce the risk of failure c. All of these d. Reduce the cost of testing

All of these

Which of the following are objectives of testing? a. Determine the software works b. Reduce risk of failure c. Reduce Cost of Testing d. All of These

All of these

Which of the following are objectives of testing? a. Determine the software works b. Reduce risk of failure c. Reduce cost of testing d. All of these

All of these

Which of the following are unit testing frameworks? a. JUnit b. NUnit c. PyUnit d. All of these

All of these

Which of the following criteria are used during Static Unit Testing? a. Completeness b. Readability c. Minimal Functionality d. All of These

All of these

Which of these should be used during coding to prevent errors: a. Instrumentation b. Standard Controls c. Assertions d. All of these

All of these

In Path Coverage testing, which paths are executed at least once? A. Paths that are listed in a test oracle. B. Paths covered by both Branch Coverage testing and Statement Coverage testing. C. Paths not covered by Branch Coverage testing or Statement Coverage testing. D. All paths

All paths

When is 100% statement coverage achieved? a. All statements executed at least once. b. All statements executed twice. c. Main statements executed twice. d. Main statements executed at least once.

All statements executed at least once.

What does 100% statement coverage refer to? a. All paths have been completed b. ALL branches have been covered c. All statements have been ran at least once d. All test statements are correct

All statements have been ran at least once

The main reason for testing is? a. Reducing failure rate b. Checking the work of software. c. Avoiding extra d. All the above

All the above

Which of the following should be used while developing a software (code) in order to reduce error? a. Quality work b. Instrumentation c. Time management d. All the above

All the above

Which of these are NOT part of the Data Flow Testing Criteria a. All-p-uses/some-c-uses b. All-c-uses/some-p-uses c. All-e-uses d. All-du-paths

All-e-uses

Which is not part of the data flow testing criteria? a) All p-uses b) All-definitions c) All c-uses d) All-undefinition

All-undefinition

When does a shifted-boundary error occur? a. Boundary is open when it was intended for it to be closed b. Coefficients of the variables defining the boundary take up incorrect values c. An implemented boundary is parallel to intended boundary d. The first predicate uses ">" and the second predicate uses "<" c. An implemented boundary is parallel to intended boundary

An implemented boundary is parallel to intended boundary

What is a branch in CFG? A. An outgoing edge from a node B. An upward edge C. A node with no children D. None of the above

An outgoing edge from a node

What is the main idea in control flow testing? a. Carefully diagnose the selected paths through inputs that are generated randomly. b.Appropriately select a few paths in a program unit and observe outcomes of selected paths. c.Plan out the paths to be tested and rigorously test with test cases to try to break the program.

Appropriately select a few paths in a program unit and observe outcomes of selected paths.

Security Tests must verify that the system meets these security requirements: a. Scalability, Authenticity, Availability b. Availability, Confidentiality, Integrity c. Robustness, Integrity, Ease-of-use d. None of the above

Availability, Confidentiality, Integrity

Which of the following is not a testing level? a. Unit testing b. Integration testing c. System testing d. Acceptance testing e. Backlog testing

Backlog testing

What metrics can be recorded to for performance testing? a. CPU time, network connection time, bandwidth use b. Network connection time, waiting time, memory use c. CPU time, waiting time, network connection time d. Bandwidth use, memory use, CPU time

Bandwidth use, memory use, CPU time

Which system integration approach tests all modules individually and then does integration testing after integrating those individually tested modules? a. Big Bang b. Sandwich c. Top Down d. Bottom Up

Big Bang

You agreed to test Instagram's Story feature and have been given a beta version to run. This is an example of: a. White-box Testing b. Black-box Testing c. Dynamic Testing d. Static Testing

Black-box Testing

From a geometrical perspective, a domain is defined by a set of constraints called a. Boundary inequalities b. Constraints c. Edges d. Domain

Boundary inequalities

Executing every condition from entry to exit is known as: a. Path Coverage b. Statement Coverage c. Branch Coverage d. Complete Coverage

Branch Coverage

When implementing Control Flow Testing, If your test cases cover all outgoing edges of each rectangular node in the control flow graph, what path selection criterion have you achieved? a. Statement Coverage b. Branch Coverage c. All-Path Coverage d. Insurance Coverage e. Predicate Coverage

Branch Coverage

What is Validation? a. Build the right product b. Product is built in the right way

Build the right product

What is validation? A. Building the product correctly B. Building the right product C. Building software D. A and B

Building the right product

The variable y has been used to compute a value of x as: x = y +100. This is an example of: a. P-use b. C-use c. Definition d. None of the above

C-use

A Change Request (CR) of Static Unit Testing does NOT includes which following detail: a. Give a brief description of the issue b. CR resolved order based on issued timeline c. Assign a person to follow it up d. Set a deadline for addressing a CR

CR resolved order based on issued timeline

A point is said to be ______ if the points on the boundary are included in the domain of interest a. Closed b. Open

Closed

Implementing a conditional with a < instead of a ≤ is seen as a a) Shifted-Boundary Error b) Closure Error c) Tilted-Boundary Error d) Off By One Error

Closure Error

You are given a C++ routine that controls the iRobot Roomba and asked to check each step using criteria written in a coding style guide. This is an example of: A. Blackbox Testing B. Code Review C. Validation D. Walkthrough

Code Review

_________ is an example of static analysis a. Code analysis b. Running the program c. Running test cases.

Code analysis

Mutation testing makes two major assumptions a. Competent Programmer hypothesis & Coupling effects b. Arithmetic operator replacement and Relational operator replacement c. Statement deletion and return statement replacement

Competent Programmer hypothesis & Coupling effects

Which one is not a type of a program fault? A. Mission Control Flow Paths B. Logic fault C. Performance Fault D. Compiler Fault

Compiler Fault

A __________ occurs when a specific input data causes the correct path to execute but the output value is wrong. a. Computation error b. Domain error c. Processing error d. Output error

Computation error

What terms can be used to classify all programming statements? A. Return statements, Conditional Statements, Assignment Statements, Declaration statements. B. Conditional Statements and Assignment Statements C. Predicate Statements and Declarative Statements. D. Conditional Statements, Declarative Statements, Assignment Statements, Iterative Statements. E. Return statements, Conditional Statements, Assignment Statements, Declaration statements, and Iterative Statements.

Conditional Statements and Assignment Statements

Which is not one of the views of Software quality: a) Transcendental view b) User's view c) Manufacturing view d) Product view e) Consumer view

Consumer view

Successive execution of program statements is viewed as: a. Data Flow b. Path Flow c. Control Flow d. Execution Flow

Control Flow

A graphical representation of program execution flow is called a: A. Execution Flow Diagram B. Data Flow Diagram C. Control Flow Diagram D. Work Flow Diagram

Control Flow Diagram

______ is a graphical representation of program statement execution. a. Flow Chart b. Data Flow Diagram c. Execution Chart d. Control Flow Diagram

Control Flow Diagram

What is/are some technique(s) of structural testing? a. Control Flow Testing b. Mutation Testing c. Data Flow Testing d. Control Flow and Data Flow Testing

Control Flow and Data Flow Testing

Dynamic data flow testing bears similarity with a. Control flow testing b. Unit testing c. Static testing d. Domain testing

Control flow testing

Choose the types of expenses NOT associated with a testing process. a. Cost of designing, maintaining and executing test cases. b. Cost of analyzing the result of executing each test case. c. Cost of producing the bare minimum number of arbitrary test cases. d. Cost of documenting test cases e. Cost of executing the system and documenting it.

Cost of producing the bare minimum number of arbitrary test cases.

The motivation for verifying the correctness of data values "defined" -observe that all the "uses" of the value produce the desired results is of what type of testing? a. Control flow testing b. Mutation c. Data flow testing d. Domain testing

Data Flow Testing

Which of the following is not part of complete testing? a. Path coverage b. Branch coverage c. Statement coverage d. ​Data coverage

Data coverage

Which of these are not a path coverage? a. Statement coverage b. Branch coverage c. Data coverage d. Predicate coverage

Data coverage

What can the idea of program instrumentation detect? a. Bugs in code b. Compilation errors c. Data flow anomaly d. Incorrect types

Data flow anomaly

The process of determining cause of a failure is: a. Mutant b. Dynamic Unit Testing c. Debugging d. Test Driving

Debugging

The process of determining the cause of a failure is known as a.​​Testing b.​​Mutation c.​​Unit Testing d.​​Debugging

Debugging

Which of the following symbols in the a control flow graph creates a conditional statement where control can diverge? A. Decision point B. Process block C. Junction point D. None of the above

Decision point

Which of the following is not a key element of Total Quality Control (TQC)? a. Quality comes first, not short term profits b. The customer comes first, not the producer c. Decisions are not made on facts and data d. Management is participatory of all employees e. Manage is driven by cross-functional committees

Decisions are not made on facts and data

Which of the following is NOT a type of basic program statement? a.Conditional Statements b.Assignment Statements c.Declaration Statements

Declaration Statements

What is an advantage of conducting system integration testing? A. Makes the system entirely bug and error free B. Defects are detected early C. It would not be necessary to conduct unit testing D. Test cases do not have to be executed

Defects are detected early

What is an example of a type 1 anomaly? a. Defined and then defined again b. Undefined but referenced c. Defined but not referenced d. An abnormal way of doing something

Defined and then defined again

What are the three types of abnormal situations? a. Defined and then defined again Undefined but referenced Defined but not referenced b. Defined and then defined again Undefined and not referenced Defined but not referenced c. Defined and referenced Undefined but referenced Defined but not referenced d. Defined and referenced Undefined but referenced Defined and not used

Defined and then defined again Undefined but referenced Defined but not referenced

Which of these situations is a valid state of data flow? a. Defined and then defined again. b. Undefined, but referenced. c. Defined, but not referred, d. Defined and then referenced.

Defined and then referenced.

Which is not an abnormal situation when using variables? a) Defined and then defined again b) Undefined but referenced c) Defined but not referenced d) Defined and then undefined

Defined and then undefined

A Data Flow Diagram is a: A. Multi-​directional Graph B. Loop Free Graph C. Undirected Graph D. Directed Graph

Directed Graph

A data flow graph is a _________ a. Undirected graph b. Directed graph c. Endless graph d. Multi-dimensional graph

Directed Graph

Which of the following is NOT a good guideline to follow in defect prevention? a. Validate input data, such as the arguments, passed to a function b. Use assertions to detect impossible conditions, undefined uses of data, and undesirable program behavior c. Provide good error messages to help users resolve the problem d. Do not check for logic errors in order to reduce time spent writing the code

Do not check for logic errors in order to reduce time spent writing the code

Which of the following adheres to Static Data Flow Testing: a.Do not execute the code b.Execute the code c.Ignore potential defects d.Ignore potential defects and analyze the code

Do not execute the code

An incorrect assignment which affects a variable used in the predicate would cause which type of error? a. Closure error b. Shifted-boundary error c. Tilted-boundary error d. Domain error

Domain Error

A _______ occurs when a specific input data causes the program to execute a wrong path a. Domain error b. Computation error c. User error d. Exception

Domain error

What is the first step of creating a data flow graph? A. Write out pseudo code for the entire source code B. Draw nodes for sequence of definitions and c-uses is associated with each node C. Identify the used variables D. Identify p-uses, c-uses and def-users of all variables.

Draw nodes for sequence of definitions and c-uses is associated with each node

Who is responsible for Quality? a. Everybody is responsible for quality b. The programmers c. The users

Everybody is responsible for quality

Who is responsible for quality? a. The developer b. The customer c. The project manager d. Everyone

Everyone

Who is responsible for the software quality testing? a. Project Manager b. QA Engineer c. Software developer d. Everyone

Everyone

Which of the following adheres to Dynamic Data Flow Testing: a.Do not execute the code b.Execute the code c.Ignore paths d.Calculate paths in a matrix

Execute the code

Which of the following in known as​ ​Branch Coverage? A. Executing every path from entry to exit B. Executing every statement from entry to exit C. Executing every condition from entry to exit D. None of the Above

Executing every condition from entry to exit

Which of the following is NOT apart of Static Unit Testing? a.Readiness b.Preparation c.Examination d.Execution

Execution

TRUE or FALSE: A mutant is said to be killed when the execution of a test case causes it to succeed and the mutant is considered to be dead

FALSE

TRUE or FALSE: Statement coverage is one of the strongest coverage criterion in program testing

FALSE

______ is said to occur whenever the external behavior of a system does not conform to that prescribed in the system specification a. Error b. Failure c. Fault d. Defect

Failure

A computational error executes the wrong path because of a fault in the assignment statement True or False

False

A mutant is called immortal or stubborn if the existing set of test cases is insufficient to kill it. (True/False)

False

Comparing of two Data Flow Testing criteria c1 and c2. If c1 includes c2, then c1 must strictly includes c2. a.True b.False

False

During the course of code check both the writer of the code as well as the code itself is evaluated? a. True b. False

False

Dynamic Analysis consists of code review, walkthrough and algorithm analysis. a. True b. False

False

Global variables can be eliminated by a process called symbolic execution True or False

False

If all possible combinations of truth values of the conditions affecting a path have been explored under some tests, predicate coverage has not been achieved. True or False

False

Only source code can be inspected during a code review? a. True b. False

False

Static and Dynamic Analysis are not complementary. a. True b. False

False

Static testing requires the problem to be executed a) True b) False

False

Stress tests put a system under stress in order to determine the limitations of a system and, when it fails, to determine the manner in which the failure occurs. a. True b. False

False

The development for a system is a form of validation. a) True b) False

False

True or ​false​? Black box testing is known as structural testing.

False

​True or ​false​? White box testing is known as functional testing.

False

In software testing, what is the sequential order in which these take place? a.Fault -> Error -> Failure b.Error -! Fault -! Failure c.Fault -! Failure -! Error

Fault -> Error -> Failure

Implanting a certain number of defects, during testing, into a program is known as: a.Program Mutation b.Fault Seeding c.Program Seeding d.Fault Mutation

Fault Seeding

What are two methods for evaluating test adequacy? a.Fault Seeding and Program Mutation b.Enhancement increase and Speed enforcers c.Unit Testing and Debugging d.Criteria and Roles

Fault Seeding and Program Mutation

In which of the techniques below, Input/output domains are defined to compute the input values that will cause the unit to produce expected output values? A. Control flow testing B. Functional program testing C. Data flow testing D. Data testing

Functional program testing

Which of the following tests provide comprehensive testing over the full range of requirements, within the capabilities of the system. A. Performance Tests B. Functionality Tests C. Reliability Tests D. Scalability Tests

Functionality Tests

The test level for a system requires what type of development before deployment? a) Coding b) Detailed design c) High-level design d) Requirements

High-level design

What is an infeasible path? a.If there exists an input data which causes the program to execute that path and throw an exception. b.If there exists an input data which causes the program to infinitely execute that path. c.If there is no input data that exists which causes the program to execute that path.

If there is no input data that exists which causes the program to execute that path.

When there is no input to execute the path, this is a: a. Executable Path b. Infeasible Path c. Complete Path d. Process Block

Infeasible Path

A programmer manipulates data in several different ways: a. Sanitization, assignment, initialization, using in a computation b. Deletion, initialization, assignment, using in a condition c. Transferring, deletion, using in a computation, initialization d. Initialization, assignment, using in a computation, using in a condition

Initialization, assignment, using in a computation, using in a condition

What is an input value that is valid, but not properly timed? a. Inopportune b. Valid c. Late d. Invalid

Inopportune

The set of all possible input to a program unit is known as an: A. Input Domain B. Input Vector C. Input Dataset D. Input Data Domain

Input Domain

The set of all possible input to a program unit is known as an: A. Input Data Domain B. Input Domain C. Input Dataset D. Input Vector

Input Domain

A test case is simple pair of what? A. Input, Actual output B. Expected output, Actual output C. Input, Expected output D. None of the above

Input, Expected output

In an open domain where should an OFF point reside? a. On the boundary of the domain b. There are no OFF points in an open domain c. Inside of the domain d. Outside of the domain

Inside of the domain

What are the two techniques applied during static unit testing? a. Inspection and Walkthrough b. Compiling and Running the Code c. Inspection and Testing d. Compiling and Inspection of Results

Inspection and Walkthrough

What is instrumentation code? a.Internal diagnostic tools that are built into units. b.Internal diagnostic tools that are imported from libraries. c.Internal diagnostic tools that are built from scratch.

Internal diagnostic tools that are built into units.

Which type of integration testing tests interactions between independent systems? a. Intersystem testing b. Intrasystem testing c. Pairwise testing d. None of these

Intersystem testing

Select all that describes c-use (it can be one) a) It directly affects the computation being performed b) It is abbreviation for commercial-use c) It refers to the use of a variable in a predicate controlling the flow execution d) It is part of the flow-diagram

It directly affects the computation being performed

Which of the following describes p-use? a) It refers to the use of a variable in a predicate controlling the flow execution b) It directly affects the computation being performed c) It is abbreviation for precious-use d) None of the above

It refers to the use of a variable in a predicate controlling the flow execution

When a test case fails it is then called as? a. Mutated b. Killed c. Prosecuted d. Assassinated

Killed

Which of the following is a path in which all nodes are distinct. A. Simple path B. Loop-free path C. Complete path D. Du-path

Loop-free path

In unit testing, which of the following is NOT considered a role for code review? A. Manager B. Presenter C. Observer D. Moderator

Manager

In unit testing, which tool can be used for detecting the following: - Illegal read - Access/reads to memory which hasn't been initialized or allocated - Dynamic memory overwrites to a memory location that has not been allocated to the application a. Bound Checker b. Memory Leak Detectors c. Code Auditor d. Interactive Debugger

Memory Leak Detectors

If all the path in a Control Flow Graph are selected, then one can detect all faults, except those due to _________ errors. a) Missing Path b) Missing Flow c) Segmentation Fault d) Missing Branch

Missing Path

What is meant by the term "Equivalent" in the domain of testing? A. Test fails with mutant B. Program with fault introduced in it C. Test case is able to discover the fault D. Mutant passes the test suite

Mutant passes the test suite

Which is ​NOT​ a type of system test? A. Stress B. Mutation C. Documentation D. Reliability

Mutation

The process of finding the cause of a failure and avoiding them is called? a. Mutating b. Root cause c. Fault finding d. None of the above

None of the above

What is not a type of mutation? a) Changing the order of parameters in a call b) Relational operator replacement c) Statement deletion d) Removing an overloading method e) None of the above

None of the above

Which of these test determine that the system remains stable as it cycles through the integration of other subsystems and through maintenance tasks a. Reliability tests b. Load and Stability c. Documentation tests d. None of the above

None of the above

The process of discovering the causes of a failure and eliminating them is called: A. Mutating B. Root Cause Analysis C. None of these D. Fault finding

None of these

What does a low mutation score for an Oracle indicate? A. Effective B. Not Effective C. Not a feasible D. B and C

Not Effective

How do you determine the mutation score for mutation testing? A.Total number of mutations divided by the number of mutations score B.The sum of all mutations discovered C.Total number of mutations divided by the number of lines of code in the program D.Number of mutations discovered divided by the total number of mutations

Number of mutations discovered divided by the total number of mutations

Consider the boundary x + 7*y >= 6. The point (-1,1) is an: a. ON point b. OFF point c. None of the above d. Indeterminate

ON point

Which of the following is not one of the views of Software Quality? a. Manufacturing View b. User's View c. Owner's View d. Product View e. Value-based View

Owner's View

Executing every path from entry to exit is known as: a. Path Coverage b. Statement Coverage c. Branch Coverage d. Complete Coverage

Path Coverage

Executing individual program statements and observing the output is known as: a. Path Coverage b. Branch Coverage c. Program Coverage d. Full Coverage

Path Coverage

What is Complete Path (Entry - Exit Path) in control flow testing? a) Testing all inputs and associated outputs of the program b) Path starts at the entry of a routine and ends at its exit c) Path starts at the first line of the program and ends at the last line d) The complete path is found in the test Oracle

Path starts at the entry of a routine and ends at its exit

4 p's of software engineering? a. Product, process, proposal, project b. People, product, project, process c. Project, process, product, purpose d. Process, project, product, pros

People, product, project, process

Which of the following is NOT a logic fault? A. Requirement fault B. Construction fault C. Performance fault D. Design Fault

Performance fault

What is Verification? a. Build the right product b. Product is built in the right way

Product is built in the right way

Making a small change to a program for testing purposes is known as: a. Program Culmination b. Program Mutation c. Program Contamination d. Structural Change

Program Mutation

Minor change made to program during the testing is? a. Program Culmination b. Program Mutation c. Structural Change d. Program Contamination

Program Mutation

In the case of mutations, what is a mutant? a. Program with a fault introduced b. Result of program execution c. Syntax error d. Runtime error

Program with a fault introduced

Which of these are key elements of Total Quality Control/ a. Quality and Customer come first b. Profits are the most important c. Decisions are based on manager's whim d. Management is centralized

Quality and Customer come first

In what way to test reliability? a. Unit Testing b. White Box Testing c. Random Testing

Random testing

Reliability can be tested via? a. Long term testing b. Modularized testing c. Random testing d. Normal testing

Random testing

What is the order of code review? a) Readiness, Preparation, Examination, Re-work, Validation, Exit b) Readiness, Examination, Preparation, Re-work, Validation, Exit c) Readiness, Examination, Preparation, Validation, Re-work, Exit d) Readiness, Preparation, Examination, Validation, Re-work, Exit

Readiness, Preparation, Examination, Re-work, Validation, Exit

What are the steps for static unit testing? a) Readiness, preparation, examination, re-work, validation b) Requirements, functional specification, high-level design, low-level design, code c) Draw, select, identify, derive, solve d) Create plan, define requirements, create test specifications, test, revise

Readiness, preparation, examination, re-work, validation

All of the following are mutations ​except​: a.Removing an overriding function b.Changing the order of parameters in a function call c.Refactoring a method d.Changing an attribute from public to private

Refactoring a method

What action would cause a type 2 anomaly? a. Redefining a variable without using the initial value b. Introducing a fault into the initialization of a variable c. Referencing an undefined variable d. Defining a variable but not referencing it

Referencing an undefined variable

Which of the following techniques isn't used to uncover faults in unit testing? a) Data Flow Testing b) Regression Fault Testing c) Domain Testing d) Functional Program Testing

Regression Fault Testing

___________ is one of the characteristics of quality where the program behaves consistently a. Reliability b. Extensibility c. Robustness d. Understandability

Reliability

What is the correct software life cycle? A. Requirement -> Analysis-> Design-> Coding-> Testing-> Deployment B. Requirement -> Deployment-> Analysis-> Design-> Testing C. Coding-> Requirement -> Analysis-> Design->Testing-> Deployment D. Analysis-> Design-> Coding-> Testing-> Deployment-> Requirement

Requirement -> Analysis-> Design-> Coding-> Testing-> Deployment

A test that determines the ability for a system to take faulty input and other failure situations is a a) Functionality Test b) Performance Test c) Stress Test d) Robustness Test

Robustness Test

Which examines the code and reasons overall behaviors that might arise during run time? a. Role of Testing b. Software Quality c. Objectives of Testing d. Concept of Complete Testing

Role of Testing

Advantages of selecting paths based on defined criteria: a. Ensure that all program constructs are executed at least once. b. Save testing needed resources. c. Repeated selection of the same path is avoided. d. One can easily identify what features have been tested and what not.

Save testing needed resources.

Two modules that share blocks of memory and can read/write them have implemented a a) Shared Memory Interface b) Procedure Call Interface c) Message Passing Interface d) Pointer Sharing Interface

Shared Memory Interface

Which is a Type of Domain Errors occurs when the implemented boundary is parallel to the intended boundary a. Shifted-boundary error b. Tilted-boundary error c. Closure error d. Open boundary

Shifted-boundary error

What is mutation? a) Simple changes in the program b) Combination of conditionals and statements c) Code Review d) Debugging

Simple changes in the program

You CAN'T do static testing on: a) Psuedo code b) Backlog c) Software d) API docs e) Design

Software

What is an error? a. A bug b. When the external behavior does not conform to the system specification c.Something that could lead to a failure

Something that could lead to a failure

Can your program containing a data flow anomaly execute? a. No, compilation error b. No, runtime error c. Sometimes d. Yes

Sometimes

Static data flow testing is performed by analyzing the _________ a) Source code b) Documentation c) Data Flow Diagram d) Reference types

Source code

Which of the following is a static testing? a. Verification b. Validation c. Spell checking d. Load testing

Spell checking

All of the following are true EXCEPT: a. Statement coverage covers all nodes in a CFG at least once b. Branch coverage covers all edges of all nodes in a CFG at least once c. Predicate coverage covers all different combinations of evaluation inputs and outputs at decision nodes in a CFG at least once d. Statement coverage includes branch coverage

Statement coverage includes branch coverage

What are all the coverage metrics for control flow testing? A. Statement coverage, branch coverage, and predicate coverage​. B. Path coverage and condition coverage C. Program and execution coverage D. All of the above

Statement coverage, branch coverage, and predicate coverage​.

What is a Process Block? a) A place where control can diverge b) Where control flow merges c) Statements uninterrupted by decisions or junctions d) The code inside of a loop

Statements uninterrupted by decisions or junctions

This term describes the process of code being reviewed by applying techniques such as inspection and walkthrough. A. Static Unit Testing B. Dynamic Unit Testing C. Control Flow Testing D. Data Flow Testing

Static Unit Testing

Data flow testing can be a. Dynamic and Erroneous b. Static and Rustic c. Static and Dynamic d. Erroneous and Rustic

Static and Dynamic

Data flow testing can be performed at what two conceptual levels? a. Static and Dynamic b. Upper and lower c. Black and Gray d. Left and right

Static and Dynamic

What is the main difference between dynamic and static testing? A. Static testing does not test every single path B. Dynamic testing tests units whereas static testing tests pseudo code C. Static testing review code but does not run code D. Dynamic testing uses different inputs to test each unit

Static testing review code but does not run code

What are three types of system tests? a. Stress, performance, scalability b. Stress, flexibility, robustness c. Robustness, verification, performance d. Flexibility, scalability, stress

Stress, performance, scalability

What is control flow? a. Successive execution of program statements b. Methods c. Loops

Successive execution of program statements

Which type of testing uses common approaches such as Sandwich, Top-down, Big-bang,...? a. System Integration Testing b. Domain Testing c. Data Flow Testing d. None of the above

System Integration Testing

TRUE or FALSE: In a control flow diagram, rectangles are used to represent sequential computation(s), each one corresponding to one statement in the source code

TRUE

TRUE or FALSE: The test driver and stubs together are referred to as scaffolding

TRUE

Which of the following describes Oracle? a) Condition that causes the software to fail to perform its required. b) State of system c) Tells us what is our inputs and what is our outputs look like as well as testing d) the inability of a system or component to perform required function.

Tells us what is our inputs and what is our outputs look like as well as testing

In dynamic unit testing the caller unit is called : a) Stubs b) Unit Under Test c) Caller Unit d) Test Driver

Test Driver

Which of the following are typically involved in a test automation framework? a. Test Plan b. JUnit Test c. PyUnit Test d. All of these

Test Plan

What is static unit testing? a. Testing code when a milestone has been completed b. Writing complete program then testing it c. Testing the backend database d. A unity is taken out of its actual execution environment and tested

Testing code when a milestone has been completed

What is Static Unit Testing? a. Testing that involves examining the code for all behaviors. b.Testing that involves executing the code and observing its behavior. c.Testing that involves modifying then executing the code in order to see what breaks.

Testing that involves examining the code for all behaviors.

What is Dynamic Unit Testing? a. Testing that involves examining the code for all behaviors. b. Testing that involves executing the code and observing its behavior. c. Testing that involves modifying then executing the code in order to see what breaks.

Testing that involves executing the code and observing its behavior.

What is Static Testing? a) Testing the code using the same environment b) Testing the code without running it c) Using static methods to test the code d) Using a testing method that doesn't change

Testing the code without running it

What is Black Box Testing? a) Unit Testing b) Testing without looking at the internal code structure c) In house testing

Testing without looking at the internal code structure.

What is a fault? a. Something that could lead to a failure b. The adjudged cause of an error c. When the external behavior does not conform to the system specification

The adjudged cause of an error

What is a Fault? a) The cause of an error; a bug in the system b) State of the system c) When the output does not meet expectations d) When the code crashes or quits unexpectedly

The cause of an error; a bug in the system

How do we determine the state of the program? A. The current values of all the global variables. B. The current values of all variables. C. The current values of all variables and statements executed. D. The current values of all variables and predicate statements executed.

The current values of all the global variables.

What is the definition of scope? a. Measuring the "defect revealing ability" of test suite b. Examining source code with a focus on control flow and data flow c. Set of ideas, facts, or circumstances within d. The domain or extent of the test activities

The domain or extent of the test activities

A mutation is considered killed if: a. The mutation is not detected by the testing oracle b. The mutation changes the input values of the testing oracle c. The mutation is equivalent to another mutation d. The mutation results in a test failure

The mutation results in a test failure

The term "defect density" can be best described as: A. The number of failures in a given time B. The number of errors in a given time C. The number of faults in a given time D. The number of mutations in a given time

The number of failures in a given time

The term "defect rate" can be best described as: A. The probability of escapes in a mutation test B. The probability of failure in a given time C. The probability of run time error in a program D. The probability of faults appearing in a program

The probability of failure in a given time

Input domain is a) All data that a function can take b) The set of all input data to the program c) The upper and lower bound of data for a CFG graph path d) A point of interest for a program

The set of all input data to the program

What is the incremental technique of testing? a. Program is looked back on and modules are created b. The system is built as a succession of layers c. Top-down and bottom-up approaches used d. Adding boughten code and utilizing it, then testing

The system is built as a succession of layers

Complete or exhaustive testing means a)​​There are undisclosed faults at the end of test phase b)​​There are no undisclosed faults at the end of test phase c)​​The domain of possible inputs of a program is too large d)​​All of the above

There are no undisclosed faults at the end of test phase

Which is not a Control Flow Assumption? a) There are still bugs in the code b) We have correct specifications c) Data can be accessed correctly d) Definitions of data are correct

There are still bugs in the code

What do condition do? a. To alter the flow of the program b. To create only one path c. System requirements

To alter the flow of the program

What are the 5 views of software quality? a) Employee, User's, Transcendental, Product, Manufacturing b) Transcendental, User's, Manufacturing, Product, Value-based c) Transcendental, Value-based, Profit-based, Product, User's d) Manufacturing, Software, Hardware, Product, Profit

Transcendental, User's, Manufacturing, Product, Value-based

100% Statement Coverage means it implies 100% Branch Coverage True or False

True

100% branch coverage means selecting a set of paths such that each branch is included on some path. a)​​True b)​​False

True

100% branch coverage means selecting a set of paths such that each branch is included on some path. a. True b. False

True

100% path coverage may be impractical True or False

True

A quality criterion is an attribute of a quality factor that is related to software development. (True/False)

True

A quality factor represents behavioral characteristic of a system.(True/False)

True

A simple path is a path in which all nodes, except possibly the first and the last, are distinct. (True/False)

True

Assertion help detect impossible conditions? a. True b. False

True

Modules are assembled to construct larger subsystem and tested that called Integration testing. (True/False)

True

Program Path is a sequence of statements from entry to exit. A. True B. False

True

Static Testing and Dynamic Testing are mutually complementary? a. True b. False

True

Testing can reveal the presence of faults, but not their absence: a. True b. False

True

Testing can reveal the presence of faults, but not their absence? a. True b. False

True

Unit testing is individual program units, such as a procedure, methods in isolation. (True/False)

True

Verification allows the system to integrated to any external or third party systems defined in the requirements. (True/False)

True

Verification means building the product correctly, whereas validation means building the correct product a. True b. False

True

​True​ or False? Validation means that the correct product is built.

True

How many kinds of programming statements are there? A. One B. Two C. Three D. Five

Two

______________ is one of the 3 types of anomalies in Data Flow Testing a. Undefined but Referenced b. Defined and Referenced c. Undeclared and Uninstantiated d. Declared and Used

Undefined but Referenced

What is a unit in unit testing? a) Unit is anything you want to test. You need to define it. b) Specific function c) Specific variable d) A whole program

Unit is anything you want to test. You need to define it.

How should do you test modules? a. Print statements b. Unit testing c. System testing d. Code review

Unit testing

Which is not part of a complete testing for control flow testing? a) Statement testing b) Unit testing c) Path testing d) Branch testing

Unit testing

When the system satisfies the contractual acceptance criteria, this is: a. User Acceptance Testing b. Business Acceptance Testing c. Integration Testing d. Unit Testing

User Acceptance Testing

"Build the right product" is an example of: a) Unit Testing b) Verification c) Validation d) Static Testing

Validation

Activities of this kind help us in confirming that a product meets its intended use. ______ activities aim at confirming that a product meets its customer's expectations. In other words, ______ activities focus on the final product, which is extensively tested from the customer point of view. ______ establishes whether the product meets overall expectations of the users. A. Verification B. Confirmation C. Validation D. Testing

Validation

Are we building the right product? a. Verification b. Validation c. Confusion d. None of the above

Validation

________ Is building the right product a. Validation b. Verification

Validation

Which of these is NOT a software module? a. Collection b. Function c. Variable d. Class

Variable

Are we building the product right? a. Checking b. Verification c. Validation d. Evaluation

Verification

In the story of the three little pigs, the first two pass: A. Verification B. Static Testing C. Robustness Testing D. Validation

Verification

This kind of activity helps us in evaluating a software system by determining whether the product of a given development phase satisfies requirements established before the start of that phase. ______ activities check the correctness of a development phase. A. Validation B. Evaluation C. Verification D. Checking

Verification

_________ is building the product right a. Verification b. Validation

Verification

In the story of the 3 little pigs, the brick house passed: a. Verification and Validation b. Verification c. Validation d. Building Inspection

Verification and Validation

What are the main things we test for when testing for quality assurance? a. Verification and Validation b. Verification and Verbalization c. Valuation and Variation d. Validation and Visualization

Verification and Validation

What is a domain error? a. When specific input data causes the program to execute a wrong, undesired path in the program, and the output value is wrong b. When specific input data causes the program to execute a correct, desired path in the program, but the output value is wrong c. When input data is not provided d. None of the above

When specific input data causes the program to execute a wrong, undesired path

When do we stop analyzing? a. When we breakdown the problem into units. b. When the programmer cannot find more errors c. When the code reviewers are tired.

When we breakdown the problem into units.

What is the decision point in Software testing? A. Where control can diverge B. Statements uninterrupted by decisions or junctions C. Where control flow merges D. When outside method is called

Where control can diverge

A test oracle is ________. A. an outcome of program execution B. a mechanism that verifies the correctness of program outputs C. a sequence of values which must be interpreted together for the outcome to be valid D. the domain of possible inputs of a program

a mechanism that verifies the correctness of program outputs

Pick the limitations of testing. a. Confirming program correctness b. Takes too long c. We don't know the expected output d. Test-fix-retest cycles

a. Confirming program correctness c. We don't know the expected output

Assignment and Conditional statements are the two basic kinds of program statements. a. True b. False

a. True

What is the relationship between a test drive rand a stub? a. A stub is a program that invokes the unit under test. A test driver is a "dummy subprogram" that replaces a unit that is called by another unit under test b. A test driver is a program that invokes the unit under test. A stub is a "dummy subprogram" that replaces a unit that is called by another unit under test c. They are interchangeable terms d. They are completely unrelated

b. A test driver is a program that invokes the unit under test. A stub is a "dummy

100% path coverage is the most practical way to execute Control Flow Testing, regardless of the program. a. True b. False

b. False

Static unit testing can completely replace dynamic unit testing. a. True b. False

b. False

During mutant testing, the team was able to kill 9 mutants out of 12 total. What was the corresponding mutation score? a. 90% b. 10% c. 75% d. 25%

c. 75%

A boundary is said to be closed if _______ a. the points of the boundary do not belong to the domain of interest b. it contains a point where two or more boundaries cross c. the points on the boundary are included in the domain of interest d. it is part of a closed domain

c. the points on the boundary are included in the domain of interest

Which one of the following could not be an outcome of program execution? a. values produced by the program b. state change c. a sequence or set of values d. control flow

control flow

Which of the following are said to be interface errors? a. Misuse of interface b. Timing/performance problems c. Inadequate error processing d All of the above e. None of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following could be considered Data Flow anomalies? a. A variable being defined and then defined again b. A variable being undefined but referenced c. A variable being defined but not referenced d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following is ​not​ one of the Five Views of Software Engineering? a. Transcendental view b. User's view c. Manufacturing view d. Engineering view

d. Engineering view

Code reviews involve people with different roles to participate. Which one of the following roles selects the reviewers, schedules, the review meetings, and guides the place of the review process? a. Record Keeper b. Presenter c. Author d. Moderator

d. Moderator

Which of the following are not classes of program error? a. Computation error- b. Domain error c. All of the above d. None of the above

d. None of the above

Which of the following is ​not​ an approach for system integration testing? a. Incremental b. Top-down c. Sandwich d. Big-bang e. These are all approaches to system integration testing

e. These are all approaches to system integration testing

The mutant is killed if a. the test is fails with the mutant b. the test passes c. Fault is undiscovered d. Mutant passes test suite

the test is fails with the mutant

2. The purpose of test planning and design is ________. A. to get ready and organized for test execution B. to increase productivity of the testers C. to reduce durations of the testing phases D. to retain test engineers management

to get ready and organized for test execution

​​In which path is all nodes, except possibly the first and the last, are distinct. a)​​Complete path b)​​Loop-free paths c)​​Simple path d)​​All the above

​​Simple path