CNA Chapter 8 & 9 Unit 2B

What are 4 things you can do when caring for a person who has osteoporosis?

1. Be extra gentle. 2. Encourage light exercise 3. Encourage calcium food and document 4. Observe for loss of function, swelling, and pain.

List four actions a nursing assistant can take to help promote comfort and skin healing in a person with a skin lesion:

1. Check nursing care plan 2. Choose clothing that doesn't rub/irritate the skin 3. Discourage patient from scratching 4. Observe and report changes

Name 5 signs that may indicate that a person is having a myocardial infarction:

1. Pain/Tightness chest-neck/arm 2. Excess sweating 3. Difficulty breathing 4. Pale, gray, bluish skin 5. Anxiety/indigestion/heartburn/nausea/vomiting

List 3 things that you could do to help a person with respiratory problems feel more comfortable:

1. Raise head of bed to sit up 2. Encourage fluid intake 3. Frequent oral care

Why is it important for staff and residents of long-term care facilities to receive an annual "flu shot"? A. Because influenza virus can cause serious complications in older people B. Because infection with the influenza virus can lead to a serious liver disorder C. Because the influenza virus can lead to an extremely severe form of asthma D. Because infection with the influenza virus causes the fragile walls of the alveoli to break

A. Because influenza virus can cause serious complications in older people

Why does a person find an asthma attack very frightening? A. Because the airways can narrow to the point that breathing becomes almost impossible B. Because the person may have a seizure C. Because the treatment for asthma is very painful D. Because the person must use supplemental oxygen to carry out even the simplest activities of daily living

A. Because the airways can narrow to the point that breathing becomes almost impossible

A disorder with a rapid onset and a relatively short recovery time is called a/an _______ disorder.

Acute

______ is a word used to decide a disorder with a rapid onset and a relatively short recovery time; usually unexpected

Acute

The classic chest pain felt as a result of the heart muscle being deprived of oxygen is called ________________.

Angina pectoris

______________ is an inflammation of the joints, usually associated with pain and stiffness.

Arthritis

A condition that narrows the bronchi and bronchioles of the lungs, making breathing difficult is known as _________.

Asthma

A condition in which the arteries are blocked by plaque on the inside of the vessel walls is called _________.

Atherosclerosis

A person with deep venous thrombosis is at a higher risk of developing: A. Plaque B. An embolus C. Arteriosclerosis D. Varicose Veins

B. An embolus

Which of the following are signs and symptoms of influenza? A. Fever, pain when breathing, cyanosis, productive cough B. Sore throat, dry cough, stuffy nose, headache, body aches, weakness, and fever C. Vomiting, diarrheas, and loss of appetite D. Wheezing and difficulty breathing

B. Sore throat, dry cough, stuffy nose, headache, body aches, weakness, and fever

The chest of a person with emphysema may be enlarged and rounded, also called ___________ chest.

Barrel

What is inflammation of the bronchi?

Bronchitis

Which lung disorders are described by the term chronic obstructive pumonary disease (COPD)? A. Pneumothorax and hemothorax B. Chronic bronchitis and pneumonia C. Emphysema and chronic bronchitis D. Bronchitis and asthma

C. Emphysema and chronic bronchitis

Which of the following conditions usually causes a productive cough? A. Bronchitis B. Asthma C. Pneumonia D. Emphysema

C. Pneumonia

Smoking, physical inactivity, obsesity, diet high in fat, poorly controlled hypertension, and poorly controlled diabetes are risk factors for developing heart disease the we ______ control.

CAN

Gender, Heredity, Body build, and age are risk factors for heart disease that we __________ control.

CANNOT

______ is a type of bronchitis caused by long-term irritation of the bronchi and bronchioles, such as that caused by inhalling tobacco smoke; one of two forms of chronic obstructive pumonary disease

COPD

________ is an abbraviaation of the general term used to describe two related lung disorders, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis.

COPD

Mr. Whitman recently hap a hip replacement surgery. What special considerations do you need to keep in mind when caring for Mr. Whitmen?

Can't bear weight Needs help with transfers

A disorder that is ongoing and often needs to be controlled through continuous medication or treatment is called a/an _______ disorder.

Chronic

______ is a word used to describe a disorder that is ongoing and often needs to be controlled through continuous medication or treatment.

Chronic

A person with __________________ has ongoing irritation of the bronchi, leading to the production of thick mucus, which block the flow of air through the airways.

Chronic bronchitis

Which of the following can trigger an asthma attack? A. Stress B. Exercise C. Cold weather D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Plaque can build up on the inside of the wall of an artery, causing a condition called: A. Pulmonary embolus B. Arteriosclerosis C. Venous thrombosis D. Atherosclerosis

D. Atherosclerosis

Mrs. Wells has pneumonia. What might be a nursing assistant's responsibility when caring for Mrs. Wells? A. To order oxygen therapy to help Mrs. Wells to breathe B. To diagnose which microbe is causing the pneumonia C. To give Mrs. Wells her antibiotics D. To collect a sputum specimen for analysis

D. To collect a sputum specimen for analysis

The tissues of the body wear out or break down in which disorder?

Degenerative

A/an ________ is a condition that occurs when the structure or function of an organ or organ system is abnormal.

Disease

_________ is a condition that occurs when the structure or function of an organ or organ system is abnormal

Disease

Which muscular dystrophy most often affects a person during childhood?

Duchenne's muscular dystrophy

A/an __________ is a blood clot in a vessel that breaks off and moves from one place to another.

Embolus

What disorder is caused by long-term exposure of the alveoli to toxins, such as tobacco smoke; one of two forms of chronic obstructive pumonary disease?

Emphysema

_______ is a form of COPD that results from damage to the alveoli.

Emphysema

What is an abrasion or a scraping away of the surface of the skin?

Excoiation

A person who has a chronic disease, such as diabetes or high blood pressure, is at reduced risk for developing another disease. True/False

False

A person who has broken a bone is said to have a rupture. True/False

False

A person with a case should keep it clean and moist. True/False

False

A person's emotional health does not affect his or her physical health. True/Falsee

False

Age does not influence how a person reacts to disease. True/False

False

Anginal pain is only felt in the. Center of the chest True/False

False

Coronary artery disease occurs when the coronary arteries expand. True/False

False

Sensations such as itching or aching after an amputation are caused by the healing of the bones that were cut in the process. True/False

False

The person should rinse the mouth with mouthwash before coughing up a sputum specimen. True/False

False

The person should spit into some tissue and the sputum should then be transferred from the tissue into a specimen container. True/False

False

Young people are especially at risk for fractures. True/False

False

Which type of burn involves the epidermis and dermis, the subcutaneous layer, and often underlying muscles and bones?

Full-thickness (third-degree) burns

_________ is the result of crystals formed by uric acid build-up in the joints.

Gout

What happens when the pacemaker sends electrical impulses to the heart?

Heart muscle is stimulated and contracts

What happens when the pathway that the heart uses to send the electrical impulse is blocked?

Heartblock-causes heart to slow down leading to dizziness/fainting

A disorder is something that affects the body's ability to maintain _________.

Homeostasis

The immune system does not work properly, the immune system may not be able to fight off infection, or the immune system starts to attack the body's own tissues in which disorder?

Immunologic

A person has suffered severe burns, a person is in a health care facility for treatment of injuries that have immobilized her temporarily, a person has a surgical wound, and a person has developed a pressure ulcer, are situations in which the person is at an increased risk for _____________.

Infection

Germs invade the body in which disorder?

Infectious

What is an acute respiratory infection caused by the influenza virus?

Influenza

People who have very severe osteoarthritis may need ________ surgery.

Joint replacement

The person is unable to maintain emotional balance in which disorder?

Psychiatric

What are small, pus-filled, blister-like lesions?

Pustule

What is a group of lesions?

Rash

____________ arthritis is an autoimmune disorder that can cause severe joint deformities.

Rheumatoid

What is the mucus and other respiratory secretions that are coughed up from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea?

Sputum

A condition caused by hardening of the arteries is called ___________.

Srteriosclerosis

Which type of burn is cause injurty to the outermost layer of the skin, the epidermis?

Superficial (first degree) burns

A person with chronic bronchitis could complain of _____________ in the chest.

Tightness

What is the body's ability to function is changed by an outside force?

Traumatic

A cast is applied to a fracture that is not complicated and can be corrected by aligning the broken ends. True/False

True

A complicated fracture may be corrected by surgery, using metal plates, screws, rods, pins, or wires to hold the broken ends of the bone in alignment. True/False

True

A fracture is usually caused by trauma. True/False

True

A myocardial infarction occurs due to lack of blood and oxygen supply to the heart. True/False

True

A person who is experiencing angina may feel as though he is suffocating, and he may become very anxious. True/False

True

A person with a cast should be advised against inserting objects between the cast and the skin. True/False

True

A person's living conditions and health habits play a major role in the person's overall health status. True/False

True

Amputation may become necessary because of complications related to diabetes. True/False

True

An amputation may become necessary as a result of trauma or disease. True/False

True

Observation of cyanosis, foul odor, swelling, or increased drainage on the cast should be reported immediately. True/False

True

People with angina pectoris may keep nitroglycerin pills on hand to relieve the pain when it occurs. True/False

True

Some disorders are more common in men than in women, and vice versa. True/False

True

Sputum for the specimen should be coughed up from deep down in the respiratory tract. True/False

True

The feeling that a body part is still present, after it has been surgically removed, is called phantom pain. True/False

True

The genes that we get from our parents may put us at risk for developing certain diseases. True/False

True

The part of the body that is in a cast should be elevated on a pollow for several days. True/False

True

The person should rinse the mouth with water before coughing up the sputum specimen. True/False

True

Traction is a treatment for fracture in which the ends of the broken bone are placed in the proper alignment and then weight is applied to exert a constant pull and keep the bone in alignment. True/False

True

What is a general term used to describe any break in the skin?

Lesion

What is a small, flat, reddened lesions?

Macule

The body is unable to metabolize or absorb certain nutrients, often the result of producing too much of one type of hormone, or not enough in which disorder?

Metabolic

A/an __________________ occurs when one or more of the coronary arteries become completely blocked, preventing blood from reaching the parts of the heart that are fed by the affected arteries.

Myocardial infarction

Which muscular dystrophy causes a person to have difficulty relaxing the muscles?

Myotonic muscular dystrophy

Fatty deposits that build up on the inside of the artery wall are called ________.

Plaques

__________is an inflammation og yhr lung tissue, caused by infection with a virus or bacterium.

Pneumonia

A tumor invades otherwise healthy tissues and prevents the tissue from functioning properly in which disorder?

Neoplastic

What disorder would involve a persons diet out of balance?

Nutritional

___________ usually affects weight-bearing joints, such as the knees, hips, and joints of the spine.

Osteoarthritis

What is a disorder of excessive loss of tissue?

Osteoporosis

What happens when the heart rate of a person with a pacemaker drops below a programmed rate?

Pacemaker sends electrical impulses

What are small, raised, firm bumps?

Papule

Which type of burn is to penetrate into the dermis of the skin?

Partial-thickness (second-degree) burns