CNA Chapter 8 & 9 Unit 2B
What are 4 things you can do when caring for a person who has osteoporosis?
1. Be extra gentle. 2. Encourage light exercise 3. Encourage calcium food and document 4. Observe for loss of function, swelling, and pain.
List four actions a nursing assistant can take to help promote comfort and skin healing in a person with a skin lesion:
1. Check nursing care plan 2. Choose clothing that doesn't rub/irritate the skin 3. Discourage patient from scratching 4. Observe and report changes
Name 5 signs that may indicate that a person is having a myocardial infarction:
1. Pain/Tightness chest-neck/arm 2. Excess sweating 3. Difficulty breathing 4. Pale, gray, bluish skin 5. Anxiety/indigestion/heartburn/nausea/vomiting
List 3 things that you could do to help a person with respiratory problems feel more comfortable:
1. Raise head of bed to sit up 2. Encourage fluid intake 3. Frequent oral care
Why is it important for staff and residents of long-term care facilities to receive an annual "flu shot"? A. Because influenza virus can cause serious complications in older people B. Because infection with the influenza virus can lead to a serious liver disorder C. Because the influenza virus can lead to an extremely severe form of asthma D. Because infection with the influenza virus causes the fragile walls of the alveoli to break
A. Because influenza virus can cause serious complications in older people
Why does a person find an asthma attack very frightening? A. Because the airways can narrow to the point that breathing becomes almost impossible B. Because the person may have a seizure C. Because the treatment for asthma is very painful D. Because the person must use supplemental oxygen to carry out even the simplest activities of daily living
A. Because the airways can narrow to the point that breathing becomes almost impossible
A disorder with a rapid onset and a relatively short recovery time is called a/an _______ disorder.
Acute
______ is a word used to decide a disorder with a rapid onset and a relatively short recovery time; usually unexpected
Acute
The classic chest pain felt as a result of the heart muscle being deprived of oxygen is called ________________.
Angina pectoris
______________ is an inflammation of the joints, usually associated with pain and stiffness.
Arthritis
A condition that narrows the bronchi and bronchioles of the lungs, making breathing difficult is known as _________.
Asthma
A condition in which the arteries are blocked by plaque on the inside of the vessel walls is called _________.
Atherosclerosis
A person with deep venous thrombosis is at a higher risk of developing: A. Plaque B. An embolus C. Arteriosclerosis D. Varicose Veins
B. An embolus
Which of the following are signs and symptoms of influenza? A. Fever, pain when breathing, cyanosis, productive cough B. Sore throat, dry cough, stuffy nose, headache, body aches, weakness, and fever C. Vomiting, diarrheas, and loss of appetite D. Wheezing and difficulty breathing
B. Sore throat, dry cough, stuffy nose, headache, body aches, weakness, and fever
The chest of a person with emphysema may be enlarged and rounded, also called ___________ chest.
Barrel
What is inflammation of the bronchi?
Bronchitis
Which lung disorders are described by the term chronic obstructive pumonary disease (COPD)? A. Pneumothorax and hemothorax B. Chronic bronchitis and pneumonia C. Emphysema and chronic bronchitis D. Bronchitis and asthma
C. Emphysema and chronic bronchitis
Which of the following conditions usually causes a productive cough? A. Bronchitis B. Asthma C. Pneumonia D. Emphysema
C. Pneumonia
Smoking, physical inactivity, obsesity, diet high in fat, poorly controlled hypertension, and poorly controlled diabetes are risk factors for developing heart disease the we ______ control.
CAN
Gender, Heredity, Body build, and age are risk factors for heart disease that we __________ control.
CANNOT
______ is a type of bronchitis caused by long-term irritation of the bronchi and bronchioles, such as that caused by inhalling tobacco smoke; one of two forms of chronic obstructive pumonary disease
COPD
________ is an abbraviaation of the general term used to describe two related lung disorders, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis.
COPD
Mr. Whitman recently hap a hip replacement surgery. What special considerations do you need to keep in mind when caring for Mr. Whitmen?
Can't bear weight Needs help with transfers
A disorder that is ongoing and often needs to be controlled through continuous medication or treatment is called a/an _______ disorder.
Chronic
______ is a word used to describe a disorder that is ongoing and often needs to be controlled through continuous medication or treatment.
Chronic
A person with __________________ has ongoing irritation of the bronchi, leading to the production of thick mucus, which block the flow of air through the airways.
Chronic bronchitis
Which of the following can trigger an asthma attack? A. Stress B. Exercise C. Cold weather D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Plaque can build up on the inside of the wall of an artery, causing a condition called: A. Pulmonary embolus B. Arteriosclerosis C. Venous thrombosis D. Atherosclerosis
D. Atherosclerosis
Mrs. Wells has pneumonia. What might be a nursing assistant's responsibility when caring for Mrs. Wells? A. To order oxygen therapy to help Mrs. Wells to breathe B. To diagnose which microbe is causing the pneumonia C. To give Mrs. Wells her antibiotics D. To collect a sputum specimen for analysis
D. To collect a sputum specimen for analysis
The tissues of the body wear out or break down in which disorder?
Degenerative
A/an ________ is a condition that occurs when the structure or function of an organ or organ system is abnormal.
Disease
_________ is a condition that occurs when the structure or function of an organ or organ system is abnormal
Disease
Which muscular dystrophy most often affects a person during childhood?
Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
A/an __________ is a blood clot in a vessel that breaks off and moves from one place to another.
Embolus
What disorder is caused by long-term exposure of the alveoli to toxins, such as tobacco smoke; one of two forms of chronic obstructive pumonary disease?
Emphysema
_______ is a form of COPD that results from damage to the alveoli.
Emphysema
What is an abrasion or a scraping away of the surface of the skin?
Excoiation
A person who has a chronic disease, such as diabetes or high blood pressure, is at reduced risk for developing another disease. True/False
False
A person who has broken a bone is said to have a rupture. True/False
False
A person with a case should keep it clean and moist. True/False
False
A person's emotional health does not affect his or her physical health. True/Falsee
False
Age does not influence how a person reacts to disease. True/False
False
Anginal pain is only felt in the. Center of the chest True/False
False
Coronary artery disease occurs when the coronary arteries expand. True/False
False
Sensations such as itching or aching after an amputation are caused by the healing of the bones that were cut in the process. True/False
False
The person should rinse the mouth with mouthwash before coughing up a sputum specimen. True/False
False
The person should spit into some tissue and the sputum should then be transferred from the tissue into a specimen container. True/False
False
Young people are especially at risk for fractures. True/False
False
Which type of burn involves the epidermis and dermis, the subcutaneous layer, and often underlying muscles and bones?
Full-thickness (third-degree) burns
_________ is the result of crystals formed by uric acid build-up in the joints.
Gout
What happens when the pacemaker sends electrical impulses to the heart?
Heart muscle is stimulated and contracts
What happens when the pathway that the heart uses to send the electrical impulse is blocked?
Heartblock-causes heart to slow down leading to dizziness/fainting
A disorder is something that affects the body's ability to maintain _________.
Homeostasis
The immune system does not work properly, the immune system may not be able to fight off infection, or the immune system starts to attack the body's own tissues in which disorder?
Immunologic
A person has suffered severe burns, a person is in a health care facility for treatment of injuries that have immobilized her temporarily, a person has a surgical wound, and a person has developed a pressure ulcer, are situations in which the person is at an increased risk for _____________.
Infection
Germs invade the body in which disorder?
Infectious
What is an acute respiratory infection caused by the influenza virus?
Influenza
People who have very severe osteoarthritis may need ________ surgery.
Joint replacement
The person is unable to maintain emotional balance in which disorder?
Psychiatric
What are small, pus-filled, blister-like lesions?
Pustule
What is a group of lesions?
Rash
____________ arthritis is an autoimmune disorder that can cause severe joint deformities.
Rheumatoid
What is the mucus and other respiratory secretions that are coughed up from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea?
Sputum
A condition caused by hardening of the arteries is called ___________.
Srteriosclerosis
Which type of burn is cause injurty to the outermost layer of the skin, the epidermis?
Superficial (first degree) burns
A person with chronic bronchitis could complain of _____________ in the chest.
Tightness
What is the body's ability to function is changed by an outside force?
Traumatic
A cast is applied to a fracture that is not complicated and can be corrected by aligning the broken ends. True/False
True
A complicated fracture may be corrected by surgery, using metal plates, screws, rods, pins, or wires to hold the broken ends of the bone in alignment. True/False
True
A fracture is usually caused by trauma. True/False
True
A myocardial infarction occurs due to lack of blood and oxygen supply to the heart. True/False
True
A person who is experiencing angina may feel as though he is suffocating, and he may become very anxious. True/False
True
A person with a cast should be advised against inserting objects between the cast and the skin. True/False
True
A person's living conditions and health habits play a major role in the person's overall health status. True/False
True
Amputation may become necessary because of complications related to diabetes. True/False
True
An amputation may become necessary as a result of trauma or disease. True/False
True
Observation of cyanosis, foul odor, swelling, or increased drainage on the cast should be reported immediately. True/False
True
People with angina pectoris may keep nitroglycerin pills on hand to relieve the pain when it occurs. True/False
True
Some disorders are more common in men than in women, and vice versa. True/False
True
Sputum for the specimen should be coughed up from deep down in the respiratory tract. True/False
True
The feeling that a body part is still present, after it has been surgically removed, is called phantom pain. True/False
True
The genes that we get from our parents may put us at risk for developing certain diseases. True/False
True
The part of the body that is in a cast should be elevated on a pollow for several days. True/False
True
The person should rinse the mouth with water before coughing up the sputum specimen. True/False
True
Traction is a treatment for fracture in which the ends of the broken bone are placed in the proper alignment and then weight is applied to exert a constant pull and keep the bone in alignment. True/False
True
What is a general term used to describe any break in the skin?
Lesion
What is a small, flat, reddened lesions?
Macule
The body is unable to metabolize or absorb certain nutrients, often the result of producing too much of one type of hormone, or not enough in which disorder?
Metabolic
A/an __________________ occurs when one or more of the coronary arteries become completely blocked, preventing blood from reaching the parts of the heart that are fed by the affected arteries.
Myocardial infarction
Which muscular dystrophy causes a person to have difficulty relaxing the muscles?
Myotonic muscular dystrophy
Fatty deposits that build up on the inside of the artery wall are called ________.
Plaques
__________is an inflammation og yhr lung tissue, caused by infection with a virus or bacterium.
Pneumonia
A tumor invades otherwise healthy tissues and prevents the tissue from functioning properly in which disorder?
Neoplastic
What disorder would involve a persons diet out of balance?
Nutritional
___________ usually affects weight-bearing joints, such as the knees, hips, and joints of the spine.
Osteoarthritis
What is a disorder of excessive loss of tissue?
Osteoporosis
What happens when the heart rate of a person with a pacemaker drops below a programmed rate?
Pacemaker sends electrical impulses
What are small, raised, firm bumps?
Papule
Which type of burn is to penetrate into the dermis of the skin?
Partial-thickness (second-degree) burns
