CNIT 480 Final Exam
False
"Dummy" lines are illustrated as dashed lines on an AOA diagram and their activities have resources and time allocated to them.
Glass's
"For every 25% increase in the connections of a system, there is a 100% increase in the complexity of the system." This is referred to as ___ Law.
Matrix
A ______ organizational structure combines the benefits of the functional structure and the benefits of the projects structure for an organization.
death march
A ______ project is described as a project that never ends, everyone is afraid to cancel it.
False
A project buffer is created just prior to a task in case a task lasts longer than it was scheduled. TRUE or FALSE.
Project-Based
A project manager holds the most amount of authority in a ______ organization structure.
-Manage the project scope -Manage human resources -Manage Quality -Manage communications
A project manager must be able to perform which of the following well in order to run successful projects
False
A project's quality management plan includes information on when and how to prepare and distribute written reports to team members and stakeholders.
False
A quantitative model that calculates the expected net monetary gain or loss from an investment by discounting all future costs and benefits to the present time is called the payback period. TRUE or FALSE.
averter
A risk ____________ organization is only comfortable doing projects with small amounts of risk.
-25
A rough order of magnituted (ROM) estimate can contain as much as -25 percent to +75 percent variance. -75 -50 -25 0
True
A tool used to aid an organization in the building of their strategic plan and possibly in building a business case is called a SWOT analysis. TRUE or FALSE
Relationship with supervisor
According to Frederick Herzberg's Motivational Hygiene Theory, which of the following is a factor that leads to dissatisfaction? -Relationship with supervisor -Responsibility -Work itself -Achievement
True
According to Shacklett, when project managers perform risk management, they should implement guidelines concerning employee dating and employees' spouses so it doesn't affect the project when things go wrong. TRUE or FALSE
True
According to work by Meredith and Mantel (2003), building and using scheduling techniques can help identify resource availability and show which tasks can or are being done in parallel. TRUE or FALSE
open system
An _____ is not a self-defining; to understand it, you must also understand its environment
The Value technique
Based on the reading, which of the following is NOT a technique used to develop the WBS: -The analogy technique -The Top-down technique -The Value Technique -The Bottom-up technique -All of the above techniques are used to create the WBS
CPM
Calculating slack is a crucial part of which schedule developing technique: -PERT -PMI -CPM
Work Breakdown Structure
Comparable to the syllabus for a class, the ______ defines each deliverable that is required to build the project. -Work Breakdown Structure -Communication Management Plan -Scope Statement Quality Management Plan
False
Compromise is an example of a strategy for handling conflict and would be classified as a win-win solution. TRUE or FALSE
outsourcing and offshoring
Creating and signing contracts with organizations outside the project team's company is referred to as [Answer1], and if the seller is located in another country, it is referred to as [Answer2].
True
Every IT project, regardless of size, complexity, location, or organization, contains some measure of risk, so it is extremely important that a formal risk management process be followed on every project.
True
Every documented requested change must be either accepted or rejected by an authority from the project management team; the proper authority is called a change advisory board (CAB) or change control board (CCB). TRUE or FALSE
constraints
Every system has limitations forced on it from internal forces or external forces, and sometimes the limits are self-controlled. These limits are referred to as____.
False
From the text, McConnell (1998) states that errors found "upstream" during the planning phase cost on the order of 100 times less to fix than errors found "downstream" TRUE or FALSE
False
In project management, elements could be defined as budgets, schedules, and activities or tasks. TRUE or FALSE
True
Outsourcing work as part of an agile approach methodology can result in a successful project but requires a modified approach as compared to a traditional process.TRUE or FALSE
True
The United States federal government formally recognizes the work that project managers do and their contributions to the economy. TRUE or FALSE
project charter
The ____ formally authorizes a project to being. This deliverable is created during Integration Management.
Weighted Scoring Model
The ______ attempts to remove human bias in the project selection process. It is used to evaluate all projects on an equal basis.
True
The activity definition process identifies the lowest level of work on the WBS, called work packages, that needs to be performed to create the finished product deliverable. TRUE or FALSE
-Ability to make decisions more quickly due to roles being clearly spelled out -Ability to gain commitment from all -The potential to see and deal with conflict early -Better communication with stakeholders and team members
The benefits associated with having a roles and responsibility matrix (aka RACI) include: -Ability to make decisions more quickly due to roles being clearly spelled out -Ability to gain commitment from all -The potential to see and deal with conflict early -Better communication with stakeholders and team members
True
The cost of nonconformance is the total cost incurred by an organization because the product does not meet user requirements. TRUE or FALSE
Internal failure costs
The costs that are associated with system defects before a system is fully deployed are called ______. -Internal failure costs -External failure costs
stage gates
The gaps between phases in a project's life cycle are a good place for the project manager to get a look at how the project is performing thus far. These gaps are often called?
Execution
The highest percentage of time on a project - hours worked - occurs during the project ____________ phase, as work begins on building the product or service. -Initiaion -Planning -Execution -Closeout
risk management
The identification of project risk occurs in the ______ knowledge area during the planning phase (process group).
True
The key goal of the procurement planning process is to determine which project needs can best be met by sellers or vendors outside the project team. TRUE or FALSE
True
The objective of a quality audit is to find non-value-added processes or inefficient processes and procedures with a project. Eliminating non-value-added processes or inefficient procedures should increase the overall quality of the project and product deliverables. TRUE or FALSE
False
The planning phase (process group) is completed once the executing phase has begun. TRUE or FALSE
False
The project manager should never communicate the procurement proposal evaluation criteria to potential sellers. TRUE or FALSE
make or buy analysis
The project team performs a __________________ in order to determine if a project needs to procure something.
True
The rapid change of technology is a primary reason for the complexity of IT projects. TRUE or FALSE
True
The requirements trace ability matrix (RTM) is used to document the links between the requirements for the product that is being built and the artifacts developed to implement and verify those requirements. TRUE or FALSE.
False
The risk register is the main deliverable from the risk identification process and should not be updated as the project progresses. TRUE or FALSE
False
The stakeholders formally accepting the product and documenting lessons learned occurs in the Integration Management knowledge area during the planning phase (process group). TRUE or FALSE
True
The systems approach suggests that a project should b e viewed from not only within the requirements gathered but from the entire environment, inside and outside the organization. TRUE or FALSE
True
The team responsible for putting together the business case should be representative of all affected stakeholders. TRUE or FALSE
uniqueness
The technique used to create the WBS depends on the existence of a similar project, experience level of the project manager/team and the ____ of the product or process.
All requirements must be known and defined upfront
What is a downside of the Waterfall model? -All requirements must be known and defined upfront -Does not work with large, complex applications -It requires experienced IT personnel -It is not easy to manage
20%
What percent of time will a project manager spend dealing with some sort of conflict? -20% -30% -40% -50%
Strategic planning
Which is NOT one of the 4 key issues that Andriole (2001) identified as key issues that must be considered in order to understand the bigger organizational picture. -Risk -Business Value -Technology -Strategic Planning
Systems Philosophy
Which is NOT one of the three interrelated components that make up the systems approach? -Systems Analysis -Systems Theory -Systems Philosophy -Systems Management
All of the above
Which is a common IT project-related problem encountered during the execution phase? -Unmanaged/uncontrolled conflict -Overly optimistic schedules -Poor management of stakeholders -Human Resource problems, such as lacking needed skills -All of the above
None of the above
Which of following are not techniques used in identifying project risks? -Analogy approach -Brainstorming -SWOT analysis -Interviews -None of the above
-Use meaningful metrics that are aligned to the true goal. -Establish daily short stand-up meetings. -Empower the team and do not micromanage the developer teams. -Build software iteratively and incrementally.
Which of the following are agile techniques that can be used to help during the project execution phase? -Use meaningful metrics that are aligned to the true goal. -Establish daily short stand-up meetings. -Empower the team and do not micromanage the developer teams. -Build software iteratively and incrementally.
-Labor costs -Cost to prepare and maintain all product artifacts -Opportunity costs
Which of the following are cost considerations for the 'make' decision in a make-or-buy analysis? -Labor costs -Cost to prepare and maintain all product artifacts -Opportunity costs -Cost associated with the procurement process
-Company politics -Excessive levels of review -Vague goals and objectives - Working on underfunded projects
Which of the following are examples of time robbers: -Company politics -Excessive levels of review -Vague goals and objectives - Working on underfunded projects
-It can be difficult to organize the process into logical steps or phases. -The team needs to ensure that objectives are not forgotten. -It is difficult to retain the focus of the big picture. -It is difficult to generate a complete list of tasks.
Which of the following are listed as issues when using the bottom-up technique: -It can be difficult to organize the process into logical steps or phases. -The team needs to ensure that objectives are not forgotten. -It is difficult to retain the focus of the big picture. -Does not promote stakeholder participation in the planning phase of the project. -It is difficult to generate a complete list of tasks.
Security
Which of the following are not considered part of the triple constraint? -Scope -Time -Cost -Security
-Involve people -Take a systems approach -Keep a customer focus -Encourage continual improvement -Provide leadership
Which of the following are part of the 8 ISO created quality management principles? -Involve people -Take a systems approach -Keep a customer focus -Encourage continual improvement -Provide leadership -Communicate results
-Start-Start -Finish-Start -Finish-Finish
Which of the following does the PDM illustrate as time-based dependencies between activities: -Start-Start -Start-End -Finish-Start -End-Start -Finish-Finish
Easily defined
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a project? -Unique -Progressively elaborate -Easily defined -Temporary
Progress is made even when requirements are not stable
Which of the following is a strength of the Scrum approach? -Progress is made even when requirements are not stable -Does not require constant monitoring -Works well with large teams -Experienced developers are not required
Team building activites
Which of the following is not a reason for scope changes on a project? -New mandates -Evolving knowledge of the project environment -Human Resource issues -Technology changes -Team building activities
Risk management guarantees project success
Which of the following is not a reason to perform risk management according to the text? -Risk management guarantees project success -Risk management makes aggressive risk-taking possible -Risk management can save part of a failed effort -Risk management focuses attention where it is needed
Percent complete
Which of the following is not found on the risk register? -Trigger event -Probability -Consequence -Percent complete
-Determine interests, expectations, and influence for each -Build a stakeholder assessment matrix -Analyze appropriate stakeholder approach strategies and update the matrix -Update throughout project
Which of the following steps are included in the stakeholder analysis process: -Determine interests, expectations, and influence for each -Build a stakeholder assessment matrix -Analyze appropriate stakeholder approach strategies and update the matrix -Update throughout project
Realistic Goal setting
Which of the following was not identified by Albert Einsiedel (1987) as one of the 5 characteristics closely associated with effective project leaders? -Flexible management style -Tolerance for ambiguity -Realistic goal setting -Credibility
Risk avoidance
Which risk strategy entails eliminating a specific threat or risk, usually by eliminating its causes, making a change in the design, making a change in the requirements, or changing technology to remove the risk entirely? -Risk acceptance -Risk mitigation -Risk transference -Risk avoidance
time and material contracts
Which type of contract presents the highest level of risk to the buyer? -cost-reimbursable contracts -fixed-price contracts -time and material contracts -high-level work contracts
fixed-price contracts
Which type of contract presents the highest level of risk to the seller? -cost-reimbursable contracts -fixed-price contracts -time and material contracts -high-level work contracts
ISTJ
With respect to the Meyers Briggs Type Indicator test, IT workers tend to be categorized as ____________. -MBTI -INTP -ENFP -ISTJ
approval
Within the project charter, the ____ section requires a list of names and signatures of people who agree with the stated objectives and critical success factors and who authorize the start of the project
Watts S. Humphrey
_____ is often referred to as the "Father of software quality". He led many efforts, most critical may be the creation of the Capability Maturity Model (CMM). -Philip Crosby -W. Edwards Deming -Joseph Juran -Watts S. Humphrey
Return on Investment
_____ provides the percentage return expected over the lifetime of the project.
total quality
______ describes the culture, attitude, and organization of a company that strives to provide customers (internal and external) with products and services that satisfy their needs.
Quality Management
______ describes the processes and methods required to ensure that the project delivers the stated and implied needs for which it was designed. -Stakeholder Management -Resource Management -Quality Management -Communication Management
Philip Crosby
______ is best known for the phrases "zero defects" and "doing it right the first time". he wrote many books, the most famous of which is Quality is Free. -Philip Crosby -W. Edwards Deming -Joseph Juran -Watts S. Humphrey
burden rate
______ is the cost of a human resource, and it takes into consideration more than just a person's salary or hourly rate, including benefits, vacation, holidays, and so on.
Cost of quality
______ is the total cost incurred by an organization to prevent a faulty product or development of a system that does not meet system requirements. -Prevention costs -Cost of quality -Appraisal costs -Cost of nonconformance
Communications Management
_______ describes the processes and methods required to create, collect, disseminate, and store information about the project.
Scope Management
_______ describes the processes and methods required to ensure that the project delivers exactly what the customer requested and only what the customer requested to create a successful project. - Risk Management -Quality Management -Stakeholder Management -Scope Management
just look at the picture
could not add the picture.... see CH 5 Question 6.
look at CH 10 Q7
look at CH 10 Q7
identifying
The PMBOK defines Risk Management as "the systematic process of _____________, analyzing, and responding to project risk".
True
The PMBOK defines leadership as "focusing the efforts of a group of people toward a common goal and enabling them to work as a team." TRUE or FALSE
True
Risks, key objectives, quantitative models, and consequences if the project is not completed are all key parts that may be included in a business case. TRUE or FALSE
True
Statement of Work (SOW), Request for Proposal (RFP), and Request for Quote (RFQ) are all documents created in the procurement process. TRUE or FALSE
Qualitative Models
Subject matter expert (SME) judgments and "sacred cow" decisions are examples of ____? -Qualitative models -Quantitative models
True
Systems analysis is a problem-solving technique the decomposes a system into its component pieces for the purpose of studying how well those component parts work and interact to accomplish their purpose.
True
The Ishikawa diagram is a cause-and-effect tool that helps workers discover the true root cause of quality issues. It is also commonly referred to as the fishbone diagram.
100
The work breakdown structure (WBS) represents ____ percent of the work required to produce the product. -50 -75 -100 -25
True
Theory X workers dislike work and avoid it whenever possible. Theory Y workers are the opposite: They enjoy work and can be trusted to work efficiently without direct supervision. TRUE or FALSE
False
There are ten process groups according to the PMBOK. TRUE or FALSE
statement of work (SOW)
This document describes the procurement item in sufficient detail to allow prospective sellers to determine if they are capable of providing the item and potentially at what cost.
Execution
This group deals with coordinating all resources (people and material) during the implementation of the project
An element
This is the smallest part of a system that needs to be defined. -An element -Project boundary -Organizational boundary -Subsystem
Joseph Juran
This pioneer in quality, started out as an engineer in the 1920s. He has often been credited with adding the human element to quality control, as well as statistical methods. In 1951 he published the Quality Control Handbook. -Philip Crosby -W. Edwards Deming -Joseph Juran -Watts S. Humphrey
True
Time is estimated in two dimensions: effort and duration. TRUE or FALSE
