CNM 232 final review

Know/recognize CentOS 7 execute bit for SUID and owner

SUID: The execute bit for SUID is represented by the number 4. Owner: The execute bit for the owner is represented by the number 1 The first digit (4) indicates that the SUID bit is set. The second digit (7) represents the owner's permissions, which are read (4), write (2), and execute (1) - adding up to 7. The third digit (5) represents the group's permissions, which are read (4) and execute (1) - adding up to 5. The fourth digit (5) represents the permissions for others, which are read (4) and execute (1) - adding up to 5.

Know/recognize what happens to files when moved between these partitions FAT16,FAT32,NTFS

Moving from FAT16/FAT32 to NTFS: The file will be converted to the NTFS format Changes to the file's metadata (name, creation date, attributes) may occur Features such as file and folder permissions, encryption, and auditing may be added to the file Moving from NTFS to FAT16/FAT32: The file will be converted to the FAT format Changes to the file's metadata may occur Features such as file permissions, encryption, and auditing may be lost

Know/recognize chmod, while, if

chmod: "chmod" is a command used to change the permissions of files and directories in Linux and Unix systems. The basic syntax of the command is:chmod [options] mode file

Know/recognize the following commands fsck, FINDSTR, and echo, find, tree, deltree, diruse,dsquery , less,set,cut,sort, mkdir,mount,fdisk,mkfs, FORMAT, CMD /F:ON, CD, CMD /F:,XCOPY, DIR, FIND, top

fsck: A command used to check and repair file system inconsistencies on Unix and Linux systems. It is similar to the chkdsk command on Windows systems. FINDSTR: A command used to search for strings or patterns within files or command output on Windows systems. It can be used with regular expressions and has several search options. echo: A command used to display text on the command line or to redirect text to a file on Windows and Unix/Linux systems. It is often used to create batch files or to display messages to the user. find: A command used to search for files or directories on Unix/Linux systems. It can search for files by name, type, size, and other criteria. tree: A command used to display the directory tree of a specified path on Windows and Unix/Linux systems. It displays all the subdirectories and files in a hierarchical structure. deltree: A command used to delete a directory and all its contents on Windows systems. It is no longer available in modern versions of Windows and has been replaced by the rmdir command. diruse: A command used to display disk usage information for a specified directory and its subdirectories on Windows systems. It displays the size of each subdirectory and its contents. dsquery: A command used to query Active Directory objects on Windows systems. It can be used to search for users, groups, computers, and other objects in a domain. less: A command used to display the contents of a file on Unix/Linux systems. It allows the user to scroll through the file and search for text. set: A command used to set environment variables on Windows and Unix/Linux systems. Environment variables are used to store system or user-specific values that can be accessed by other programs. cut: A command used to extract specific columns or fields from a file or command output on Unix/Linux systems. It can be used to manipulate text data in a file or to filter out unwanted information. sort: A command used to sort the lines of a file or command output on Unix/Linux and Windows systems. It can sort the lines alphabetically, numerically, or based on other criteria. mkdir: A command used to create a new directory on Windows and Unix/Linux systems. It can create a single directory or a series of nested directories. mount: A command used to mount a file system or network share on Unix/Linux systems. It allows the user to access files and directories on the mounted device or share. fdisk: A command used to create and manage disk partitions on Unix/Linux and Windows systems. It allows the user to create, delete, and modify disk partitions. mkfs: A command used to create a file system on a disk partition on Unix/Linux systems. It prepares the partition for use and creates the necessary structures for the file system. FORMAT: A command used to format a disk partition on Windows systems. It prepares the partition for use and creates the necessary structures for the file system. CMD /F:ON: A command used to enable or disable the command-line auto-complete feature on Windows systems. When enabled, it suggests command or file names as the user types. CD: A command used to change the current working directory on Windows and Unix/Linux systems. It allows the user to navigate the directory structure

Know/recognize how to view any hidden files in Linux and Windows

ls -a for linux dis /aor Get-ChildItem -Force for windows

Know/Recognize which command is used to access a network share from the Windows 10 command prompt

net use [drive letter:] \\computername\sharename [/user: username] [password]

Know/Recognize what to type at a command prompt to see the shares that another computer is offering

net view \\computername

Know/recognize how to stop a process while using the processes tab in Task Manager

right click on the task and click end task

Know/Recognize the feature in PowerShell that indicates the flow of statements in an executed script

script debugging

Know/recognize in CentOS 7 how to control the order in which items appear in a list. And how to report the process status, memory consumption, paging activity, I/O operations, and CPU usage

sort,ls,r for controlling the order of a list ps,vmstat,iostat,top,free for checking everything else

Know/recognize how the ISE works, and which PowerShell script runs automatically each time the ISE starts, the default PowerShell execution policy

the profile.ps1 script runs automatically when the ISE starts, the default policy is Restricted

Know/Recognize the Help files you use to reference commands in CentOS 7

you can access them by using the man command

Know/recognize the OSI model

1.Physical Layer: The physical layer is responsible for the transmission of raw data over a physical medium, such as cables, fibers, or wireless. 2.Data Link Layer: The data link layer is responsible for the reliable transfer of data between adjacent nodes on a network. It provides error detection and correction, flow control, and access to the physical medium. MAC adresses 3.Network Layer: The network layer is responsible for the routing of data between different networks. IP addresses 4.Transport Layer: The transport layer is responsible for the end-to-end delivery of data between applications on different hosts. 5.Session Layer: The session layer is responsible for establishing and maintaining communication sessions between applications on different hosts. 6.Presentation Layer: The presentation layer is responsible for the presentation of data in a format that can be understood by the application layer. It handles data encryption, compression, and other data formatting tasks. 7.Application Layer: The application layer is responsible for providing services to end-users and applications, such as email, file transfer, and remote login.

Know/recognize the CLI command in CentOS 7 and Windows to help you to see every "hop" that a connection makes

CentOS 7: traceroute: Helps to identify the path taken by packets across an IP network by showing every "hop" that a connection makes.Syntax: traceroute [host or IP address]Example: traceroute www.google.com Windows: tracert: Performs a similar function to traceroute on Windows, helping to identify the path taken by packets across an IP network.Syntax: tracert [host or IP address]Example: tracert www.google.com

Know/recognize the NTFS use for managing access to files in Windows 10

File and folder permissions: NTFS allows you to set permissions on files and folders, which determine who can access them and what actions they can perform. There are several levels of permissions, including Read, Write, and Execute, and you can assign permissions to individual users or groups. Encryption: NTFS supports encryption, which allows you to protect sensitive files by encrypting them so that they can only be accessed by users who have the encryption key. Auditing: NTFS allows you to audit file and folder access, which means you can track who has accessed a file or folder, when they accessed it, and what they did with it. Quotas: NTFS supports disk quotas, which allow you to limit the amount of disk space that a user or group can use. This can be useful for preventing users from filling up the hard drive with unnecessary files.

Know/recognize the type of file compression is most commonly used in Linux distributions and Windows

Linux: Gzip (.gz) Bzip2 (.bz2) Tar (.tar) Xz (.xz) Windows: RAR (.rar) 7-Zip (.7z) Gzip (.gz) Bzip2 (.bz2) Tar (.tar

Know/recognize the commands that copy files to a disk or a usb

Linux: cp: A command used to copy files and directories from one location to another on Linux systems. It can be used to copy files to a USB drive or external disk. dd: A command used to copy and convert data from one location to another on Linux systems. It can be used to create a bootable USB drive or to clone a disk or partition. rsync: A command used to synchronize files and directories between different locations on Linux systems. It can be used to copy files to a USB drive or external disk while preserving file attributes and permissions. scp: A command used to securely copy files and directories between different locations on Linux systems. It can be used to copy files to a remote server or to a USB drive or external disk. Windows: copy: A command used to copy files and directories from one location to another on Windows systems. It can be used to copy files to a USB drive or external disk. xcopy: A command used to copy files and directories from one location to another on Windows systems. It can be used to copy files to a USB drive or external disk while preserving file attributes and permissions. robocopy: A command used to synchronize files and directories between different locations on Windows systems. It can be used to copy files to a USB drive or external disk while preserving file attributes and permissions. drag-and-drop: A graphical method to copy files and directories by dragging them from one location to another on Windows systems. It can be used to copy files to a USB drive or external disk by dragging them to the destination folder.

Know/recognize the type of environment variables are established at login

USER,HOME,PATHLANG,SHELL,TERM,DISPLAY,LOGNAME,MAIL,HOSTNAME

Know/recognize the kill command, the vmstat

Windows- taskkill Linux- kill vmstat-displays a table that has Procs, Memory,Swap,Io, and System

Know/recognize the syntax of the general commands for Windows and Linux based operating systems

Windows: cd: Syntax: cd [drive:][path] Example: cd C:\Users dir: Syntax: dir [path] [options] Example: dir /w C:\Users copy: Syntax: copy [source] [destination] Example: copy C:\file.txt D:\backup\file.txt xcopy: Syntax: xcopy [source] [destination] [options] Example: xcopy C:\data D:\backup /E /H /C /I move: Syntax: move [source] [destination] Example: move C:\file.txt D:\backup\file.txt del: Syntax: del [file(s)] [options] Example: del C:\file.txt md: Syntax: md [directory] Example: md C:\new_folder Linux: cd: Syntax: cd [directory] Example: cd /home/user ls: Syntax: ls [path] [options] Example: ls -la /home/user cp: Syntax: cp [source] [destination] Example: cp /home/user/file.txt /media/usb/ mv: Syntax: mv [source] [destination] Example: mv /home/user/file.txt /home/user/documents/ rm: Syntax: rm [file(s)] [options] Example: rm /home/user/file.txt mkdir: Syntax: mkdir [directory] Example: mkdir /home/user/new_folder

Know/recognize Windows and Linux command prompt which will allow you to view file contents

Windows: type: Views the contents of a file in the command prompt.Syntax: type [filename]Example: type file.txt Linux: cat: Views the contents of a file in the command prompt.Syntax: cat [filename]Example: cat file.txt less: Views the contents of a file one screen at a time, allowing you to scroll through the file.Syntax: less [filename]Example: less file.txt more: Views the contents of a file one screen at a time, similar to less.Syntax: more [filename]Example: more file.txt