CNSL 5303

What components of content should the multicultural curriculum include?

(a) a consciousness‐raising component (b) an affective/experiential component (c) a knowledge component (d) a skills component.

,

,

.

,

Which of the following are components of White culture?

-Individual is primary unit-Individual has primary responsibility-Independence and autonomy (independence or freedom, as of the will or one's actions) highly valued and rewarded-Individual can control environment

.

.

Preparing counselors with multicultural expertise means

1. Revamping our training programs to include accurate and realistic multicultural content and experiences 2. Developing multicultural competencies as core standards for our profession 3. Providing continuing education for our current service providers All of the above

W

2

By the year 2030, what percentage of the U.S. population is expected to be over the age of 65?

20 percent

D

3

D

7

Approximately _____ of students enrolled in postsecondary educational institutions have some form of disability

9 percent

Which gesture or body movement type in the culture indicated is INCORRECT?

A French person who lifts her chin when speaking is seen as poised and polite.

The Autonomy ego status is represented by which of the following?

A person is knowledgeable about racial differences, values diversity, and no longer fearful of the experiential reality of race.

Social justice counseling/therapy has which of the following goals?

ALL: a. aims to produce conditions that allow for equal access and opportunityb. reduces or eliminates disparities in education, health care, employment and other areas that lower the quality of life for affected populationsc. encourages mental health professionals to consider micro, meso and macro levels in the assessment, diagnosis and treatment of clients and client systemsd. broadens the role of the helping professional to include not only counselor/therapist but advocate, consultant, psychoeducator, change agent, community worker and so on.

Incorporating tribal practices and rituals into an aspect of a cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) treatment for an American Indian represents

An empirically supported treatment, and a cultural adaptation

The author asserts that it is important to understand indigenous healing practices in order to

Anticipate potential conflicts in belief systems that might hinder the ability to be therapeutically effective Begin to use them to replace current methods that deal with racial minorities Fully understand the worldview of culturally different clients

What has been found regarding nonverbal communication?

Avoidance of eye contact is often interpreted negatively.

Which term BEST describes the situation where both the client and the therapist are embedded in systems such as family, work, and culture?

Contextual Viewpoint

A

D

C

D

Which are NOT one of the stages of the Sue 8th edition) descriptive model of White racial identity development?

Denial phase

In which stage does the person of color realize racism exists?

Dissonance Stage

The expectation of hopelessness is characterized in which constellation?

EC-ER

Which is an example of the historical manifestation of ethnocentric monoculturalism?

European immigrants escaping persecution did not recognize their role in the oppression of American Indians.

________________ interventions are increasingly promoted in social work, school psychology, clinical psychology, counseling, and psychiatry.

Evidence Based

"

F

G

F

S

F

T

F

U

F

W

F

A typical outcome of the unrealistic "thin ideal" results in healthy eating patterns for women.

False

According to the authors, minority therapists working with white clients should avoid acknowledging their racial differences because it can cause tension and division

False

Accurate assessment, diagnosis, and case conceptualization is dependent on the characteristics, values, and worldviews of the therapist.

False

Bisexual individuals are more likely to say that their sexual orientation is a big part of who they are than gay and lesbian individuals.

False

Cognitive and behavioral distancing are techniques that those living in poverty subconsciously live by to try and forget they are poor. It is a form of denial and happens at the preconscious level.

False

Cognitive-behavioral therapy, but not psychodynamic therapy includes many components of White culture.

False

Findings from qualitative research can inform an empirically supported treatment.

False

Fortunately for women, many of the counseling theories and practices are gender-neutral

False

In Asian psychology, the shamanic drumming circle is the most widely used form of therapy to reach enlightenment and liberation.

False

In order to be a culturally competent therapist, one should avoid personal feelings and previous experiences with race, culture and gender and therefore be free to explore the client's experience with prejudices or racism

False

Individuals with physical disabilities have the highest rates of unemployment of all disability groups.

False

Minority clients most likely terminate prematurely from therapy sessions because they realize they actually do not need the help.

False

Modern homonegativity refers to an antigay sentiment that is based on religious or moral condemnation.

False

Most of the mental health disorders in the DSM-5 are transcultural, meaning the symptoms manifest with similar presentations across cultures, making diagnosing more systematic.

False

Most therapists are concerned with whether communication appropriate rather than accurate.

False

Religion and spirituality are generally not connected with increased life satisfaction and functional ability for individuals with traumatic brain injuries because oftentimes these individuals are angry with God.

False

Research suggests that it is possible for people to avoid inheriting the racial biases, prejudices, misinformation, deficit portrayals, and stereotypes of their forebears if they are exposed to various and diverse cultures before entering formal schooling.

False

Some African Americans tend to feel it is more important to listen to what a White person has to say than to pay attention to nonverbal behavior.

False

The effectiveness of White therapists is related to their ability to overcome sociocultural conditioning and to make their Whiteness invisible.

False

The four students reading the textbook all reacted in relatively similar fashion to the material, indicating the authors were successful in producing a politically correct textbook without "tiptoeing" around the emotionally charged topics.

False

The indigenous African approach teaches that human beings should be oriented toward individual survival.

False

The number of uninsured in America is on the increase due to rapidly rising health care costs and disparities in the health care delivery system.

False

The opening question, "How can I help you?" may feel like a top-down hierarchal approach that may offend some cultural groups.

False

The ratio of men to women decreases with age.

False

The study of kinesics refers to perception and use of personal and interpersonal space.

False

When counselors explore their own emotional reactions to race and culture, feelings such as defensiveness and anger can be destructive and are better left untouched

False

Microaggressions can

Have a detrimental impact upon marginalized groups Make clients feel uncomfortable and assail their identity Make clients feel they are not accepted unless they conform to other's standards Invalidate the client's experiential reality

The view that a "bad" child was destined to be that way is most likely to be found among

Hispanic Americans

At each level of racial identity, which is NOT one of the four corresponding beliefs and attitudes?

How the person views society

Y

I

Pride in one's racial and cultural identity is most likely to be accepted by an

IC-ER person

During which ego status is an individual likely to state, "I don't even know if my ancestors owned slaves, but I know that because I am White, I continue to benefit from a racist system that stems from the slavery era"?

Immersion/emersion

Counselors' acceptance of potential benefits of spirituality as a means of coping with hopelessness, powerlessness, and identity issues is

Increasing

According to Kiselica (1999, as cited in Sue 8th edition), White psychologists avoid topics of race because

It may reveal their own prejudices and biases They are racked with guilt over the way people of color have been treated They are fearful of being labeled a racist or blamed for the oppression

With regard to cultural competence, greater emphasis has been placed on the education of White trainees because

Most theories and practices in psychology arise from a White, Western perspective

W

O

According to Helms, the Contact ego status is supported by what characterization?

Obliviousness

A

P

Which of the following refers to the Native Hawaiian termination ritual in which food is offered to the gods and the participants?

Pani

What type of orientation has characterized counseling practice?

Person-centered

W

R

Which of the following statements is NOT true about racism?

Racism was eliminated with the social acceptance and legal codification of the goals and values of the civil rights movement.

What happens to a White person who is in Sue and Sue's (1990, as cited in Sue 8th edition) Dissonance Stage?

Realizations occur that one is biased and that EuroAmerican society does play a part in oppressing people of color

Feelings of being brainwashed by the forces of White society would most likely be found in what stage of the REC identity developmental model?

Resistance and Immersion Stage

A

T

E

T

T

T

Which of the following statements is INACCURATE regarding proxemics?

The factor of personal space has minor implications for how furniture is arranged or where the seats are located.

What is true regarding the case of Vang?

The shaman attributed the symptoms to spirits.

The sociopolitical identity transformations experienced by Asian Americans, Latina/os, and American Indians in the last few decades with the awareness of cultural oppression as the common unifying force is known as what?

Third World consciousness

"Professionally sanctioned stereotyping" happens when cultural attributes are given primary consideration rather than a focus on the understanding of the uniqueness and life circumstances of each client.

True

A person is more likely to engage in overt discrimination when their anonymity is ensured.

True

Asian psychologies focus on enlightenment and ideal mental health rather than psychopathology.

True

Assertiveness training represents the White cultural value of emotional and behavioral expressiveness

True

Being White may serve as a barrier to an effective therapeutic process.

True

Displaying sexually suggestive pictures and/or telling sexist jokes would be considered sexual harassment.

True

During the resistance and immersion stage, the three most active types of affective feelings are guilt, shame, and anger.

True

In the United States, the rates of disability are higher among African Americans as compared to non-Hispanic Whites or American Indian and Alaska Native groups.

True

It is easier to integrate multicultural sensitivity with evidence-based practice than with empirically supported treatments

True

Most non-Western indigenous forms of healing take a holistic outlook on well-being.

True

Research findings indicate that children raised by LGBT couples are as mentally healthy as children with heterosexual parents.

True

Shame is an emotion felt at the group level, whereas guilt is an individual emotion.

True

Teachers are often unaware that they may be promoting sexism by providing differential responses to male and female students.

True

The authors contend that there is a denial associated with being White, and it is related to the denial of White privilege.

True

The inferior status of minorities is constantly reinforced and perpetuated by the media (or mass media).

True

The largest percentage of religious harassment and civil rights violations in America are committed against Jewish and Muslim individuals.

True

There are typically higher levels of racism among those least aware of their White identity.

True

There is optimism about the convergence of multicultural psychology and evidence-based practices, however, there is still resistance to evidence-based practices among some individuals in the field.

True

When counselors remain unaware of their own biases, their nonverbal behaviors are likely to reveal their true feelings.

True

While a Black American therapist may value sitting close to an Asian American client in therapy, this client may feel the close conversing distance to be an intrusion of personal space.

True

Women often experience role overload and exhaustion due to disproportionate responsibility for child care, housework, and care of elders.

True

Inheriting negative feelings and beliefs about members of marginalized groups is

Unavoidable and inevitable due to the socialization process in the US

Which of the following is considered a shortcoming of empirically supported treatments?

Very few minority groups are included in clinical trials.

Which of the following is NOT a relevant question for counselors to ask?

What explains the perseverance of the belief among members of certain sociodemographic categories that they are undergoing oppression in the United States?

The statement that clients are responsible for their own actions and predicaments represents

White middle-class values

Rushing to help a disabled person onto public transportation could potentially signal to them that

You believe they cannot help themselves. You see them as chronically dependent.

A

a

E

a

M

a

W

a

The author states as a "people of color" he directs his anger not at White Americans or the country but rather at

a and d: White Supremacy and ethnocentrism

Familismo refers to

a high value placed on family loyalty and unity

The stage of Integrative Awareness is exemplified by which of the following?

a strong sense of self-worth

Espiritismo refers to

a world where spirits reside and impact people in the physical world

Which are some possible psychological reactions that might result from living in poverty

a) PTSD b) depression c) substance abuse d) academic difficulties e) aggression f) all of the above

I

a.

W

a.

Cultural adaptations can include factors such as

a. matching language, racial, or ethnic backgrounds of client and therapist b. incorporating cultural values in the specific treatment strategies c. utilizing cultural sayings or metaphors in treatment d. considering the impact of environmental variables, such as acculturation conflicts, discrimination, and income status e. All the above are correct

Counselors who believe that direct eye contact is a positive indicator of mental health may

a. perceive African American clients negatively. b. believe that Asian American clients are pathological. c perceive Whites as healthier than people of color. d. All of the choices are correct.

Which are some of the results of coming out for a LGBT youth?

a. rejection, anger, grief b. decrease in life satisfaction c. decrease in self-esteem d. negative reactions from other e. decrease in happiness f. All the above

Which of the following are things to remember when interacting with an individual who has a speech impediment?

a. Allow the individual to finish speaking before you speak. b. Face the individual and give full eye contact.

What might be some effects of intimate partner violence and/or sexual victimization?

a. Chronic headaches b. Pelvic pain c. Gastrointestinal distress d. Emotional symptoms such as anxiety, depression, disordered eating, and posttraumatic stress disorder e. All the above

What may occur when females are exposed to stereotypical societal messages about women.

a. believe that their primary value comes from being attractive b. define themselves according to media-influenced body standards c. see themselves as sexualized objects d. All the above

Which of the following items should be considered during a culturally sensitive intake interview?

a. dentifying information and presenting information b. history of presenting problem c. psychosocial history d. abuse history e. strengths f. medical history g. substance abuse history h. risk of harm of self or others i. all of the above

Counselors can address their discomfort with disabilities in clients by

a. emphasizing the individual rather than the limitation b. getting specific information about disabilities through many resources c. avoiding the use of phrases such as "afflicted with" or "a victim of" d. All of the choices are correct.

Which of the following is an empirically supported relationship variable?

a. strong interpersonal bond b. effective management of countertransference c. strong therapeutic alliance d. All of the choices are correct.

The career self-efficacy of women is increased by having them

a. understand the impact of gender socialization on career choice and development. b. learn about the career paths of successful women. c. observe successful women and interviewing them about their career decision-making processes and insights. d. promote skills to manage anxiety through relaxation and adaptive self-talk. e. identify and challenge self-defeating thoughts. f. All are correct.

Those behaviors that occur less frequently is the definition of __________________________________

abnormality

Which of the following are examples of cultural syndromes?

amok ataque de nervios brain fag koro ghost sickness

Most of the articles in the field of psychology that focus on interracial interactions between Asian, Black, Native, and Latino/a Americans concentrate mainly on

b. historical interracial conflict

Homo sapiens share many similarities such as (select all that fit)

biological factors, physical similarities,common life experiences such as birth, death, love, sadness, self-awareness,the ability to use symbols such as language

W

c

Which age group most likely to live in poverty with a rate of 18 percent is one of the highest in the developed world?

children

Your client, a 5-year-old White male, does not have access to a reputable public school in his neighborhood. Your client is likely experiencing

classism

The three types of resistance that are often encountered by students studying diversity training are: _______________, __________________, ________________.

cognitive, emotional and behavioral

Which stage has the most profound negative impact on nearly all people of color?

conformity stage

The term ___________ ___________is the ability to engage in actions or create conditions that maximize the optimal development of client and client systems.

cultural competence

When counselors unwittingly impose monocultural standards without regard for differences in race, culture, gender, and sexual orientation, they may be engaging in:

cultural oppression

The authors believe that what occurs through a combination of evidence-based guidelines for assessment and a cultural competency framework?

culturally responsive assessment

Communication styles are

d. All of the choices are correct. a. strongly correlated with race, culture, and ethnicity b. strongly influenced by gender c. often more dependent on nonverbal than verbal communication

What is the key element that can destroy trustworthiness within a helping relationship?

defensiveness

A

e

Early research indicates that African Americans who scored high external on the locus of control

exhibited less innovative social action behavior

T

f

A shaman is a male healer who is able to communicate with the spirit world.

false

Because of the importance of spirituality in many cultures, religious beliefs systems are considered harmless.

false

The 2015 minimum wage of $7.25 was sufficient to lift an average family of four out of poverty.

false

To be culturally competent means to understand the _______ of ___________ experienced by marginalized groups in our society.

history/oppression

Culturally diverse clients who do not conceive of mental and physical health as separate entities may expect

immediate solutions and tangible forms of treatment

One way to reduce the prevalence of elder abuse and neglect in families is to

increase awareness through public education

The authors state that in multicultural counseling, best practice dimensions operate at which of the following levels? (select all that fit)

individual familial group institutional societal

Which of the following is included under the term transgender?

individuals whose gender identification is inconsistent with their assigned gender

The U.S. society is characterized by which philosophy?

internal control (IC)-internal responsibility (IR)

Which of the following is NOT an important aspect of the therapeutic alliance?

interventions that are viewed as relevant by the therapist

W

l

"The disability represents a defect that resides in the individual and action is taken to rehabilitate that condition" is a description of which type of model of disability?

medical model medical model suggests that the disability represents a defect that resides in the individual and action is taken to rehabilitate that condition.

According to the Department of Health and Human Services, 2015, guidelines that an adult with a child earning $16,544 per year would

not be counted among the poor

Some researchers have argued that minority-group individuals underutilize and prematurely terminate counseling/therapy because

of the biased nature of the services themselves

Microaggressions are often subtle and can be manifested in the following realms EXCEPT:

proprioceptive

Which of the following is an approach often used in indigenous healing methods in Korea?

reliance on communal, group, and family networks to reconnect an individual with family or significant others

Because of cultural misunderstandings, a counselor that works with a person from a minority background might conclude that the client is ___________ if he/she avoids eye contact.

repressed, inhibited, shy, or passive

To survive slavery, African Americans often adopted a pattern of

revealing their true self only to fellow Blacks

Cultural competence includes ____________- _________________ knowledge of _________________ _______________ ______________, and ______________________ ___________________ _______________.

self-awareness culturally diverse groups specific clinical skills (all of the above)

Approximately one in _____ adults age 71 or older have dementia.

seven

Which of the following culture-bound syndromes are attributed to "an excess loss of semen"?

shenkui

Twelve-year-old Jennifer begins to experience intense heart palpitations prior to a math test. She does not believe she is good at math because through messages from her family, teachers, and media, she is not supposed to excel at math because she is a girl. Jennifer is likely experiencing

stereotype threat

Empirically supported treatments must demonstrate

superiority to placebo in two or more controlled studies

W

t

Microaggressions are the everyday slights, put-downs, invalidations, and insults directed toward socially devalued group members by well-intentioned people who are unaware that they have engaged in such biased and harmful behaviors. Furthermore, a lifetime of microaggressions can have a major harmful impact on the psychological well-being of victims.

the everyday slights, put-downs, invalidations and insults directed toward a group

According to social-class stratification theory, poverty is understood

to be at the bottom-most rung in a hierarchical system of sociocultural power relations that goes beyond differences of income

The term Thùôc Nam spoken by Mrs. Nguyen to the counselor signified

traditional medicine

The client becomes a symbol of the inherent mistrust that exists in majority-minority relationships is a characteristic of which challenge associated with counseling White clients?

transferring racial animosity to white clients

It has been reported that LGBT youth are more likely than their heterosexual counterparts to attempt suicide

true

The myth of the "model minority" has often played into major misunderstandings between Black and Asian communities

true

Covert sexism is

unequal and harmful treatment of women that is conducted in a hidden manner.