Coaching Final

why are assessments invaluable to a coach?

-An overall picture of the client's present state of being -A snapshot to better understand and appreciate the client's life context. -Assessments facilitate Self-discovery and Awareness

what are the tips for success when assisting clients to resolve challenges to change?

-Assess and Reassess Confidence -Affirm situations where self-efficacy is high -Explore situations where self-efficacy is low, looking for opportunities to increase it

Why is it important to set realistic goals and action steps?

-Attainable goals can increase confidence -Unrealistic goals can decrease confidence

How should a coach help their clients who are in the action and maintenance stages define new strategies to prevent relapses?

-Brainstorming -Cognitive Rehearsal Action and Maintenance Stage processes of change Helping Relationships = Supportive Relationships Processes that come from CBT: -Counterconditioning -Contingency management -also called reinforcement management or operant conditioning -Stimulus Control-Coaching skills Elicit your client's ideas on how to prevent relapse FIRST, sending the message that your client is capable and always in charge If your client gets "stuck," you can ask permission to suggest ideas for your client to build upon

which motivational interviewing (MI) skills are designed to create a safe space for clients to explore ambivalence?

-Express empathy -develop discrepancy -Come along side the client -Roll with resistance -support self-efficacy

What are the 5 steps through which a generative dialogue evolves?

-Identify and clarify the issue/topic they are motivated to discuss. -Uncover the heart of the matter—what is really going on here. -brainstorm options for Overcoming challenges Adjusting goals Exploring/re-exploring importance. -Design an action plan -Ask questions

What is the 5-R process in addressing internal challenges?

-Recognize and acknowledge with empathy and love whatever the challenge seems to be (negative self talk; anger; loneliness; playing out an old personal script). -Reflect on what's truly behind it (alerting you to fear? A result of a frustrating encounter? Are you hungry? Tired?) -Relax and take a deep, cleansing breath once the purpose of the challenge has been appreciated -Return to the present moment, noticing how you feel now that the internal challenge has been acknowledged and understood -Respond by choosing your next action; will it be one that will allow you to continue moving towards the person you want to be? Or will it be one that keeps you stuck in the same place?

what are the benefits of resistance?

-Relational flow -"Aha" moments -deeper rapport -a spark that moves a client to the next stage of change

when are group coaching sessions most effective?

-There is a common theme among group members -Member numbers are no less than 6 but no more than 10 -The number of group members are even -They are kept to 60-90 minutes in length -The group meets at least bi-weekly

why is good rapport essential? Once its initially established, is it established once and for all?

-an honest discussion -constructive understanding of clients' behavior -Creating openness to change/stage of change -Creating trust -Thorough exploration Trust and rapport are not earned once and for all. They can be earned, or lost, during every moment of every coaching conversation.

From the, "Establishing Rapport" Hand-out- what are the steps to establishing rapport?

1. Get yourself into the right mindset 2.Greeting 3.Introduce yourself 4. Find out your client's initial perspective on coaching 5. Define coaching and the coaching process 6. Explain your objectives for the first coaching session

why set SMART goals?

A SMART goal is one that the client is fully in charge of achieving and success is accountable to their efforts: -Assists clients in being specific about the steps and actions they are committing to. -Turn chaos into clarity -Helps clients to focus and mobilize their motivation around realistic and meaningful steps and actions.

why do coaches use a 3-month timeline when coaching clients?

A three-month timeframe is short enough to provide a sense of urgency about achieving weekly goals, but long-term enough to allow time for internalization of change

Why do we encourage clients to create a wellness vision?

A wellness vision, is the foundation for change. It answers the question, "Who do I want to be?"

when reviewing each weekly goal with a client, what do coaches discuss first?

Begin by asking a client to quantify their overall level of success. Affirm their hard work

Which coaching skills and techniques are useful when exploring challenges and solutions in a positive way?

Brainstorming Scaling

what are the benefits of using a formal assessment?

Can be quantified tracking health behavior and biometric data through assessments is vital for program outcomes/efficacy measurement. Objectively informs client of where they currently stand with their health and readiness to change efficient because coaching time isn't used to gather a lot of data, which can feel like an interrogation can help identify health "red flags" prior to the first session supports a coaching discussion on the topic of physical or mental health issues where a referral may be important or even critical.

what should coaches do to successfully coach a client in the maintenance stage?

Challenge maintenance stage clients to keep growing and aspiring to new levels of wellness Help clients increase their motivation by encouraging them to share their success with others.

What things should be communicated to a client when establishing rapport and trust?

Coaching Policies: -Informed consent -Confidentiality -Referrals-how and when •Definition of coaching: Clearly explain what it is . . .•Growth-promoting relationship, building a new mindset, empowering change. . . and what it's NOT•Coach telling the client what to do and how to do it

What are the benefits of group coaching to the coach?

Cost-effective: less money per person, but can coach more people overall less time commitment overall Can be just as effective as individual coaching Focus is on participants' strengths and solutions to challenges Amplifies and strengthens coaching skills group facilitation skills are the backbone of group coaching upon which coaching communication skills and tools are used

Which processes of change are effective in preventing relapse when working with clients in the maintenance stage? Be able to recognize examples of the use of these processes of change.

Counter-conditioning-learning or choosing healthy behaviors that can substitute for problem behaviors Contingency management-Focusing the client on the relationship between a behavior (Positive or negative) and its consequences (Positive or negative)

What is the relationship between confidence and importance, or motivation to change? How to each impact the other

Definition of Motivation: The reason(s) a person will or will not engage in a particular behavior. -importance is based on connecting the vision to their core values -confidence is based on identifying strengths and resources that will help make the vision possible Importance = Motivation Confidence = Self-efficacy

What is self-efficacy? What are the tips for success when exploring self-efficacy?

Definition: confidence that one can engage in the goal behavior(s) or achieve the desired outcome(s) in the face of changing, challenging or tempting situations -Be sure to help your client define internal and external resources and capabilities for each facet they choose -Allows them to see success as more than possible -Explore Past Efforts for Future Success if you feel it can enhance self-efficacy in the present -Use the scaling tool to monitor confidence levels

what is extrinsic motivation? Be able to recognize an example of this type of motivation.

Driven by external core values such as one's need for relatedness, adaptation to environmental factors and external rewards

what is considered good practice when brainstorming?

Encourage bold, creative ideas Be positive and energizing throughout the exploration Be visual and specific Abstain from judgment Always remember, they are the expert on what will work for them Keep the solutions simple Use reflections to insure you

what are the types of resistance that can be caused by the coach? How can coaches avoid triggering these types of resistance?

Expert Trap -Support Autonomy AT ALL TIMES: keep your exchanges focused on the client's ideas, choices and control whenever possible The Premature Trap -Check the accuracy of your formal assessments Effectively use all your doing and being skills NEVER settle for the first idea, value, motivator, solution, etc. ALWAYS go for deep exploration Check and re-check confidence and motivation throughout the session. The Labeling Trap -Engaging all your being and doing skills, especially active and reflective listening, helps insure accurate assessment of the client -Check your judgments at the door.

What are the keys to reducing challenges?

First, help your client set SMART Connect your client to the following during the process of addressing challenges: -Personal strengths so challenges seem more surmountable -Importance and core values So the drive to overcome challenges is enhanced -Confidence To insure the solutions chosen are doable

what type of assessments are often used in coaching?

Formal -Validated scales, normative charts, questionnaires, biometric measurements, etc. Informal -Intuitive and relational -based on information gathered during client interactions

why do coaches encourage clients to set measurable goals?

Goal/action step attainment leads to: -Sense of competence and success -increased self-efficacy/self-worth -increased motivation

What is the role of the coach in group coaching? What is NOT considered group coaching?

Health Coaches role in group coaching: facilitate discussion and group support, Guide group dynamics wear their coach hat at all times What group health coaching is NOT Individual coaching with more than 1 person in front of the group Health education Group therapy

what should coaches do to successfully coach a client in the action stage?

Help action stage clients make a stronger connection between their new behaviors and their strengths and values

What are the tips for success when exploring motivation? Why base motivation on these tips? Is fear an effective motivator? Why or Why not?

Help your clients identify motivators that: Reflect core values in the behavior or outcome Reflect positivity Are intrinsic whenever possible. Fear is hard to live in and will cause client to revert back to old ways.

why do coaches ask the client for feedback at the end of every session?

Important both for your own learning and for your client's growth

What is intrinsic motivation? Be able to recognize examples of this type of motivation.

Intrinsic Motivation: Motivation that is based on internal core values such as autonomy, competence and self-worth that is internally driven

how should coaches help clients in the action and maintenance stages view a lapse? What is the benefit of a lapse? How should a coach address a lapse?

Lapses are a NORMAL and expected part of the process of change. -Help clients understand there are no failures Assist clients in viewing lapses as opportunities to refine their plan. Addressing a Lapse 1.Thoroughly explore the lapse to understand why a weekly goal was not met 2.Define new strategies, or re-explore old ones, when its evident the initial strategies did not or no longer work.

.Why should you assess and reassess confidence while exploring challenges and solutions?

Levels of confidence will vary throughout the process of identifying solutions to their challenges. Helping a client to stay aware of their confidence levels will assist them in identifying the most effective solutions to challenges Deep scaling Affirm situations where self-efficacy is high Explore situations where self-efficacy is low, looking for opportunities to increase it

what are the challenges associated with group coaching?

Maintaining consistency of groups with a fixed program start/end date Limits availability If you don't have consistent attendance of at least 4 group members, then the benefits are compromised Open groups with no set program start/end date increase availability and consistency, but: Newcomers may not feel "welcome" Group dynamics can shift over time, making cohesion difficult

Why do coaches explore the highlights of the past week at the beginning of a weekly follow-up session?

May help clients remain open to a productive discussion and creativity, especially if they have not been successful with their weekly goals

What are the benefits of group coaching to the client?

More affordable Increases access and, potentially, impact The energy and dynamics of a group environment: Provide the opportunity for shared ideas and learnings encourages creativity and courage to try new things Creates a sense of community and belonging within the group that empowers change Learning and practicing new things together strengthens commitment to self and the group The common struggles among group members amplifies support and motivation Exposure to realistic role models boosts self-efficacy A greater sense of accountability when goals are declared in front of a group Provides the opportunity to network Can enhance social support outside of the group setting

what are the behavioral signs of resistance?

Negative talk -Pessimism, skepticism Distracted, or not engaged during coaching sessions -inattention, ignoring, non-answer responses, sidetracking, hesitation, answering with a question, continual joking, avoiding the work of coaching Conflicts with coach -Interrupting, challenging, discounting, contradicting, irritable, outright hostile Deflecting responsibility -blaming, disagreeing, excusing, claiming lack of control or responsibility, minimizing, reluctance

Which process of change are effective when working with clients in the action stage? Be able to recognize an example of the use of this process of change.

Process of Change--Self-liberation: the belief that one can change and the commitment and recommitment to act on this belief Leveraging Self-liberation -Help a client bridge their actions and successes to their commitment to sustained change -Encourage clients to develop new supportive relationships with people who share their new-found interests and behavioral goals -identify and incorporate new and existing supportive environments.

How should you assist clients in addressing antagonists?

Remind clients that they must "train" others how they want to be treated, especially if they are changing the "rules." Encourage clients to: inform the people around them of their intentions to change. Discuss how these individuals can support them or, at the least, not impede their progress

why do coaches conduct a monthly review of a client's 3-month goals?

Review 3-month goals at least monthly in order for the weekly goals to stay connected to the client's larger vision and purpose. It is motivating and empowering to connect the dots between success with smaller, incremental steps and larger life goals.

What strategies can a coach use avoid the confrontational trap? Be able to recognize the use of these strategies use.

Roll with Resistance: this is the first and most important step in avoiding this trap. Rolling with Resistance:Don't take the confrontational bait. Instead, back off the argumentative statement, come alongside the client, either through acceptance or empathy and roll with the resistance: -Client:"I know if I stop eating red meat that would probably help my cholesterol. But I can't stop eating red meat. You just don't get it! My whole family would have to change the way they eat and that's not acceptable to me!" -Coach: "And it may very well be that you'll decide it's worth it to keep on eating as you have been. It may be too difficult to make that change. It's entirely up to you." -Client:"Okay." Shifting Focus-simply shift topics. It is not productive to engage resistant or counter-motivational statements, and coaching goals are better achieved by simply not responding to the resistant statement. Amplified Reflection-the coach amplifies or exaggerates what the client has said in a way that allows the client to see their statement more clearly and either agree or disagree with what was said. Double-sided Reflection-With a double-sided reflection, the counselor reflects both the current, resistant statement, and a previous, contradictory statement that the client has made. This allows the client to see their resistance or misperception more clearly and address the discrepancy.

Why create a well life statement instead of a wellness vision?

Some clients may not be as visual as others in exploring the dream phase. For these clients, creating a well life statement that includes several facets of wellness may be more effective.

What exactly does the acronym SMART stand for?

Specific Measurable Attainable Recruit Supportive Relationships Time-line

Be able to recognize the use of stimulus control and cognitive rehearsal when exploring solutions to challenges

Stimulus Control to inhibit unhealthy eating behavior: Set specific times and places where you eat meals place unhealthy snacks out of sight or eliminate them from your environment altogether to promote healthy exercise behavior: place workout bag on the front seat next to you in the car Put the exercise bike in front of the television Attach a new behavior (exercise) to an ingrained, existing one (putting keys in a bowl next to the front door) Put your gym membership card with your keys when you return home Cognitive Rehearsal Example in dietary behavior change: Imagine the original situation that is causing temptation "I am eating at the buffet in the cafeteria with all those unhealthy, tasty options." describe thoughts and feelings that accompany the adaptive situation and make positive self-statements about it "I will feel good mentally and physically when I choose the fruit salad rather than the chocolate cake for dessert." Then immediately follow the positive self statement with a positive adaptive behavior "I see myself choosing the fruit salad from the buffet. It tastes really good and I have more energy for the rest of the work day!" Finally, individuals are encouraged to reward themselves for doing well in a difficult situation, with either positive statements or material rewards, or both. "I am so proud of myself for overcoming this challenge and accomplishing my action step."

Why should weekly action steps be action-oriented?

The action steps are incremental behaviors directly related to the 3-month goal, making goal attainment easily quantified.

What is group coaching?

The application of health coaching principles applied to a group of participants working towards a common purpose.

What can cause the confrontational trap? What might be the consequence of a coach engaging in this trap? Be able to recognize symptoms of the confrontational trap.

The coach and client engage in an argumentative confrontation in which the client counters each argument for change with an argument for not changing. If this argument escalates or continues for too long, it can cause irreparable damage to the trust and rapport between a coach and a client Confrontation may be the result of a client perceiving a threat to their autonomy.

what is the definition of motivation?

The reason(s) a person will or will not engage in a particular behavior. "You are motivated to do exactly what you're doing."

Why do clients employ the question/answer trap? Be able to recognize symptoms of the question/answer trap. What should a coach do in response to this trap?

This is an avoidance trap characterized by the client steering the coaching process into a pattern of question/answer, question/answer, and so on. Rather than engaging the futile exchange, encourage the client to voice their reasons for change, with just a little questioning and guidance If they continue to revert back to the question/answer trap, try shifting focus In this trap, the intention is to retreat from personal accountability and self-awareness.

what are core values? Upon what are they based?

Those elements in a client's life that define them and make life worth living: self-worth Purpose and meaning Competence autonomy relatedness

what is an HRA? What are the benefits and limitations of using an HRA? What is the appropriate way a coach should review an HRA with a client?

To identify individual health behavior risks and predispositions to disease. To allow the quantitative analysis of de-identified, aggregated data for a specific population over a specified period of time It is NOT used to diagnose the existence of an illness or disease Benefits Gives the coach a comprehensive picture of the client's current health behavior and risk for disease Helps coach and client identify topics of discussion with regard to health behavior change and capacity to change Limitations Desire of coach to use it as a checklist Can lead a coach to draw conclusions about a client's attitude towards health and health behavior Can lead to premature focus on a particular behavior. Accuracy dependent upon program and client accuracy

how should you conduct a successful group coaching session?

To insure balanced group dynamics, coaches can conduct an initial individual coaching session or screening with each prospective group member before the first group meeting To build group cohesion and buy-in to the group itself, have the group set guidelines at the first meeting. . .

Be able to tell the difference between a formal and an informal assessment.

Types of Informal assessment Scaling TTM and Processes of Change OARS communication skills Nutrition/PA/Stress journals Types of formal assessments Health Risk Appraisal (HRA) Questionnaire Health screening results Fitness assessments Behavioral/psychological scales

Why is recruiting social support important when creating a plan for change? Be able to recognize different types of social support and examples of how supportive relationships can be added to a SMART goal or action step?

Types of social support include: Emotional support: It involves the provision of empathy, love, trust and caring. Instrumental support: It provides tangible assistance, such as help with a person in need (childcare/housekeeping, provision of transportation or money). Informational or educational support: It is the provision of suggestions and information that a person can use to address problems. Appraisal support: It involves the provision of information that is useful for self evaluation purposes i,e constructive feedback and affirmation

what are the benefits of using an informal assessment?

Useful for exploring change dynamically and mindfully stimulates self-reflection and self-discovery Clients become aware in the moment of who they really are, where they really are and where they really want to go help clients gain insight into their priorities, values and desires Helps clients expand their belief in what is possible Through listening, inquiry, and reflections, coaches can expand client awareness beyond the conscious and obvious, generating an upward spiral of continuous learning, growth, and development

What is resistance?What causes resistance?

Verbal exchanges and/or behaviors that indicate a client is ambivalent or conflicted about changing. Everyone in every stage of change is ambivalent on some level about some aspect of change.

Can 3-month goals be based on outcomes? If so, what must weekly action step include?

Yes, but action step must be behavioral

Why should you scale confidence after each SMART goal and action step is defined?

exploring why confidence is not higher should illuminate challenges to goal attainment Even if they don't reveal challenges in your scale exploration, or score their confidence at a 10, you should still ask them to creatively explore any challenges they can think of that may impede success Even the best intentions, and the SMARTest goals/action steps, can be sidelined by unaddressed challenges

What is the benefit of using contingency management to overcome a lapse?

gets clients to focus on the relationship of a behavior and its consequences