Cog Chap Assessment 5

Using the partial report procedure in his "letter array" experiment, Sperling was able to infer that participants initially saw about ____ percent of the 12 letters in the display. a. 36 b. 82 c. 12 d. 65

b. 82

Imagine you are driving to a friend's new house. In your mind, you say the address repeatedly until you arrive. Once you arrive, you stop thinking about the address and start to think about buying a housewarming gift for your friend. To remember the address, you used a(n) _______ process in STM. a. control b. iconic c. automatic d. coding

a. control

Sperling's delayed partial report procedure provided evidence that a. information in sensory memory fades within 1 or 2 seconds. b. STM has a limited capacity. c. STM and LTM are independent components of memory. d. information in STM must be rehearsed to transfer into LTM.

a. information in sensory memory fades within 1 or 2 seconds

The episodic buffer directly connects to which two components in Baddeley's model of memory? a. The phonological loop and the visuospatial sketchpad b. The central executive and long-term memory c. The central executive and the phonological loop d. The phonological loop and long-term memory

b. The central executive and long-term memory

According to your text, when students are asked the top functions for which they use their memories, all but which of the following are commonly identified? a. learning material for exams b. labeling familiar objects c. their daily schedule d. remembering names and phone numbers

b. labeling familiar objects

If a person has a digit span of two, this indicates that he has _____ memory. a. an absence of sensory b. poor short-term c. normal short-term d. exceptional short-term

b. poor short-term

Physiological studies indicate that damage to the area of the brain known as the _____ can disrupt behaviors that depend on working memory. a. hippocampus b. prefrontal cortex c. occipital lobe d. amygdala

b. prefrontal cortex

Articulatory suppression causes a decrease in the word-length effect because a. elaborative rehearsal helps transfer information into LTM. b. saying "the, the, the" fills up the phonological loop. c. talking makes the longer words seem even longer. d. saying "la, la, la" forces participants to use visual encoding.

b. saying "the, the, the" fills up the phonological loop.

Which of the following sets of results shows evidence of proactive interference with a three-trial recall task? (Note: Read the selections as percent correct for Trial 1: Trial 2: Trial 3) a. 30 % : 30% : 30% correct b. 70% : 40% : 60% correct c. 80% : 40% : 30% correct d. 20% : 50 % : 70% correct

c. 80% : 40% : 30% correct

According to the model of working memory, which of the following mental tasks should LEAST adversely affect people's driving performance while operating a car along an unfamiliar, winding road? a. Trying to imagine how many cabinets are in their kitchen b. Trying to imagine a portrait from a recent museum exhibit c. Trying to remember the definition of a word they just learned d. Trying to remember a map of the area

c. Trying to remember the definition of a word they just learned

Suppose you (a student) are asked by a teacher to learn a poem you will recite in front of your class. Soon after, both you and a classmate, J.P., are asked by another teacher to learn the lyrics to an unfamiliar song. When you and J.P. are later asked to remember the song lyrics, you have a much more difficult time recalling them than J.P. does. This impairment of your performance is most likely attributable to a. your overloading the phonological loop. b. a recency effect. c. proactive interference. d. a release from proactive interference.

c. proactive interference.

Models designed to explain mental functioning are constantly refined and modified to explain new results. Which of the following exemplifies this concept based on the results presented in your text? a. Replacing the sensory memory component of the modal model with working memory b. Replacing the sensory memory component of the modal model with the episodic buffer c. Replacing the STM component of the modal model with iconic memory d. Replacing the STM component of the modal model with working memory

d. Replacing the STM component of the modal model with working memory

The primary effect of chunking is to a. increase memory for items by grouping them together based on sound. b. develop a visual code to supplement a phonological code for the information. c. maximize the recency effect. d. increase the efficiency of short-term memory.

d. increase the efficiency of short-term memory.

A property of control processes in the modal model of memory is that they a. are difficult to modify. b. do not require attention. c. are performed without conscious awareness. d. may differ from one task to another.

d. may differ from one task to another.

STM's capacity is best estimated as seven (plus or minus two) a. letters. b. words. c. sentences. d. meaningful units.

d. meaningful units.

Which task should be easier: keeping a sentence like "John went to the store to buy some oranges" in your mind AND a. saying "yes" for each word that is a noun and "no" for each word that is not a noun? b. pointing to the word "no" for each word that is a noun and "yes" for each word that is not a noun? c. saying "no" for each word that is a noun and "yes" for each word that is not a noun? d. pointing to the word "yes" for each word that is a noun and "no" for each word that is not a noun?

d. pointing to the word "yes" for each word that is a noun and "no" for each word that is not a noun?

Jill's friends tell her they think she has a really good memory. She finds this interesting so she decides to purposefully test her memory. Jill receives a list of to-do tasks each day at work. Usually, she checks off each item as the day progresses, but this week, she is determined to memorize the to-do lists. On Monday, Jill is proud to find that she remembers 95 percent of the tasks without referring to the list. On Tuesday, her memory drops to 80 percent, and by Thursday, she is dismayed to see her performance has declined to 20 percent. Jill's memory is declining over the course of the week because other information she encounters is "competing" with that which she memorized on Monday. This process is called a. episodic buffering. b. chunking. c. anterograde amnesia. d. proactive interference.

d. proactive interference.

The word-length effect reveals that a. longer words are typically more distinctive and easier to retrieve from LTM than shorter words. b. working memory's central executive processes verbal information differently than visual/image information. c. STM digit span remains constant across native speakers of different languages. d. the phonological loop of the working memory model has a limited capacity.

d. the phonological loop of the working memory model has a limited capacity.

Imagine yourself walking from your car, bus stop, or dorm to your first class. Your ability to form such a picture in your mind depends on which of the following components of working memory? a. the STM recency effect b. delayed response coding c. the phonological loop d. the visuospatial sketch pad

d. the visuospatial sketch pad

Working memory differs from short-term memory in that a. short-term memory has unlimited capacity. b. working memory has unlimited capacity. c. short-term memory consists of a number of components. d. working memory is concerned with both holding and processing information.

d. working memory is concerned with both holding and processing information.