UF ANT3520 final exam review

biological anthropology

- can also be referred to as physical anthropology - played an unfortunate role in the development of early racial typographies - is interested in the full extent of human variability - has its earliest origins in the 15th century age of discovery

which of the following trauma was inflicted on the two romanov children buried separately

- grenade - fire - acid

locating a clandestine burial can be done using

- ground penetrating radar - the observation of vegetation changes - cadaver dogs - field-searching in a line

computer programs used in video superimposition allow the analyst to

- improve sharpness, contrast, and detail of antemortem photograph - minimize scaling problems - correct for changes in pitch and rotation of the skull - quantitatively evaluate the fit

early ideas about race in humans

- included groups based on different behavioral norms and personalities - included discrete and easily defined groups - provided the basis for scientific racism

which of the following experts consult with medical examiners on forensic cases

- law enforcement - anthropologists - odontologists - DNA specialists

the coroner is responsible for

- notifying kin - signing the death certificate - collecting the belongings

what is a reason for the identification of the dead

- prosecution of offenders - emotional peace - probate and other social institutions

all maps should have

- scale - datum - north arrow

carnivores are known for

- scattering remains long distances - breaking remains - ingesting remains

the purposes of facial approximation include which of the following

- to generate leads from the community when other investigative techniques have failed - to approximate how an individual looked in real life - to jog the memory of family or friends of a deceased or missing individual

how do forensic anthropologists use the postcranial skeleton to assess sex

- using metric measurements of articular surfaces - observing the morphology of rib-end cartilage - observing the morphology of the pelvis

why is a grid system often used in field recoveries

- when site is visualized as a grid, its easy to keep track of where evidence came from - each square of the grid can be carefully excavated independently of the others - grid systems tie in well with datum points

what types of data are recorded on a 'condition of remains' form

- whether or not the remains are skeletonized -presence/absence of insect activity

modern forensic anthropology has roots in:

-anatomy -medical science -biological anthropology -taphonomic studies

by how much can cadaver stature vary from living stature in a given individual

2 inches

why would a state have a coroner system instead of the medical examiner system

there may not be enough violent crime to have a full time medical pathologist

mass fatality incidents differ from normal case work because

they usually entail remains from a 'closed' population

who is the "father of anthropology"

thomas dwight

what is the most accurate way to collect facial soft tissue depth data

ultrasound on living upright individuals

which of the following traits is most commonly observed in females

vertical forehead

the determination of sex from the skeleton is performed using what/which method

visual assessment and metric assessment

nonmetric traits are

visually assessed

the facility that opened at the university of Tennessee in 1980

was overseen by dr. William "bill" bass and is devoted to the study of human decomposition

of the following colors, which represents the longest exposure to fire in bone

white

a portion of the guiding principle of quality assurance states

write what you do, do what you write

which of the following is not and accurate statement about forensic archeological mapping

a field map does not need to convey the relationship of human remains to other evidence and landmarks within the scene

What is DMORT

a multidisciplinary disaster response team specializing in the recovery and identification of human remains

the world trade center identification process involved

a policy of DNA testing for all remains

the male skull is characterized by

a square chin and large browridges

A medical death investigator

acts as a liason between the medical examiner and the family

which of the following features is least likely to be estimated by a forensic anthropologists and can only be added to a facial approximation if circumstantial evidence for it exists

adornments

which continent has the greatest human genetic diversity

africa

which of the following statements is true

age estimation is more precise for younger individuals

within the mediolegal system the roles of a forensic anthropologist could include

aiding in the recovery of human remains and analyzing traumatic injuries to bone

what did the DNA analysis of the purported romanov remains remonstrate

alexi and one of his sisters was present in the grave excavated in 2007

bone that appears greenish in color can result from

algae staining and copper staining

reconstruction of burned skeletal remains involves

all of the above

the following question is useful is planning for a response to a mass disaster

all of the above

which of these bones is not found in humans

all of the above

which of the following is not a problem with facial approximation

all of the above are problem

radiographic comparison can be conducted using all of the following except

all of the above can be compared radiographically

it is important to have an anthropologist help in the recovery of charred and calcined bone because

an anthropologist is trained in osteology and can recognize small fragments among similar colored debris

the sternum is __________ to the vertebrae

anterior

which of the following statements about anthropology are false

anthropologists do not believe that culture exists and anthropologists strive to understand ultimate truths about humanity

graduate analysts at the CA pound human Identification laboratory are commonly cross trained in

archeology

why do forensic anthropologist do peer reviews

as a means of quality assurance to double check analyses and reports

two processes that drive the decomposition process are

autolysis and putrefaction

The fusion of epiphyses occurs

between 10-20 year of age

to create a facial reconstruction the forensic artist needs to know which of the following

biological profile information

within the first 24 hours after death, time since death can usually be estimated

by a medical examiner without the help of a forensic anthropologist

two dimensional facial reconstruction

can be used to depict facial features describe in witness testimonies

the processing form contains the following tasks

case labeling biological profile maceration

The american board of forensic anthropology ABFA

certifies forensic anthropologists and sets of professional standards

you can age a ______________ but you cant sex him/her; you can sex a __________________ but you cant age him/her

child; adult

human variation is best characterized as

clinal

which of the following is not a category of cremation artifact

commercial

which of the following is a force that can result in trauma

compression, torsion, tension

1939-1971

consolidation period

the relationship among items of evidence and between the greater crime scene and the world at large is referred to as

context

which of the following is not one of the aspects of age estimation

craniometry

which of these is not a goal of initial response efforts to a mass fatality incident

criminal investigation

which of the following fractures are typical of heat damage

cup shaped traverse

which of the following is not an element normally found in bone

dalekanium

which of the following is not helpful to the death investigator compiling a life history

decedents last meal

which of the following methods would give the most accurate and precise age estimate in subadult remains

dental development

which of these is NOT a main objective of the forensic anthropologist

determine cause of death

techniques of subadult age estimation are based on multiple ______________ processes

developmental

internal beveling in bone is indicative of which type of gunshot wound

entrance

Locards exchange principle states that

every contact leaves a trace

in report writing

everything that appears in the report should appear in the notes

characteristics of antemortem trauma may include

evidence of surgical intervention and fracture margins different in color than surrounding bone

The artistic reproduction of the soft tissue feature of an individual is called

facial reproduction and facial approximation

T/F shark predation of human remains is more common than shark scavenging of remains

false

a pelvis shows the following feature: wide sciatic notches, a wide, "u-shaped" subpubic angle, and long, rectangular-shaped pubic bones. In your report, you would most likely conclude the sex of the individual is

female

which of the following would be the best element tp estimate stature

femur

the measurement of long bone lengths is an appropriate method of age estimation for

fetal period through late childhood

a datum is a

fixed point from which all bones and evidence can be measured

the application of the principles of biological anthropology to mediolegal issues is

forensic anthropology

which of these is not a primary subspecialty of anthropology

forensic anthropology

which of the following statements is false concerning forensic pathologists

forensic pathologists are always elected officials

1849-1938

formative period

which of the following forms highly unique patterns in the cranium that can only be seen radiographically

frontal sinus

why might a large female be at a disadvantage as compared to a smaller female

gestation and lactation require a lot of energy

which one of these is a cause of death

gunshot wound to the head

the rule of thumb for estimating fetal development from crow to heel length measurements is known as what

haase's rule

human bodies, like those of other mammals, follow general rules of proportions dealing with

heat conservation and distribution

for males, self reported stature is usually ___________ actual living stature

higher than

which of these is a manner of death

homicide

why do human females have such a difficult time giving birth compared to other animals

humans are born with large brains, but human mother have narrow hip compared to quadrupeds species

which of the following statements is true of mass disasters response involving man made disasters

in addition to providing evidence of personal identification anthropological analysis may supplement other evidence relating to a criminal investigation

which of the following is the definition of in situ

in places, as found

the mandible is _____________ to the cranium

inferior

the two types of bone formation are

intramembranous and endochondral

accession

is all about controlling the evidence

delamination

is the flaking of the outer (cortical) layer of bone

sharp trauma force

is v-shaped in cross section

why is screening an important part of the recovery of human remains

it allows us to collect small bones that may have been missed

which of the following is true concerning plastic deformation

it is the result of slow loading forces

which of the following statements is true

it is very unlikely for any given female to have all expected "feminine" traits

the fibula is ________________ to the tibia

lateral

the settling of the blood in a body after death is known as

livor mortis

which of the following is not part of bergmann's rule

longer limb length are predicted in hot climates

what types of DNA can help to make an identification

mitochondrial DNA nuclear DNA

1972-1999

modern period

which of the following is not an example of a biological factor helpful for an ID

nailpolish color

types of mass disasters and mass fatality events include

natural disasters and man made atrocities

2000-present

new millennium

according to sauer 1992 the goal of the forensic anthropologist is to determine ancestry through use of _______________ categories

none of the above - sauer thinks its irrelevant which categories are used

according to the artist in the forensic file video which part of the body was the hardest to approximate

nose and ears

which of the following is a type of evidence that establishes positive (not presumptive) identification

nuclear DNA

most cases examined by forensic anthropologists are individual victims of homicide and therefore come from what type of population

open

taphonomy and trauma forms are examples of

open forms because there are no specified methods on the form itself

long bone measurements are recorded using what piece of equipment

osteometric board

to line up images in a video or photo superimposition, which of the following are used

osteometric landmarks

the key difference between santeria and palo mayombe is

palo mayombe uses human remains in its rituals

which of the following statements is true of populations

physical traits vary along a global cline/gradient

Identification from cremains is

possible, by analyzing bone and teeth fragments

radiographic comparisons of which of the following are not used in identification

postmortem damage

according to Ousley 1995, forensic stature estimation is less _____________ than trotter and gleser stature estimation but more ________________ for modern forensic cases

precise;accurate

which of the following is not typically part of the processing sequence within the disaster portable morgue unit

psychological counseling for survivors

which of the following is an age indicator for adults

pubic symphysis morphology

exposure to fire causes muscles to contract resulting in the

pugilistic posture

what is the difference between race and ancestry

race is culturally and individually defined, while ancestry describes biological population origins

which of these is not a type of search technique

random search

the four topics covered in this module include all of the following except

recovery

the crucial first step in the investigation of fire related deaths is

recovery of the remains

forensic refers to

scientific work related to the legal system in criminal and civil cases

ancestry assessment in the united states is somewhat unique due to

several disparate groups groups coming together in one place and a specific migration and immigration pattern

The pelvis is the best place to assess

sex

sex assessment of the human skeleton is based on the presence of

sexual dimorphism

maps of a crime scene

show the locations of bones and other evidence

the ___________ is the best area to look when assessing ancestry

skull

the sagittal suture lies in the

skull midline

metric approaches rely on

standardized measurements

broken hyoid bone is usually the result of

strangulation

an oblique fracture would most likely occur in which situation

taking a blow from a baseball bat to the humerus

when a bullet or a projectile passes through the body it creates a

temporary cavity and permanent wound track

quality assurance is a process

that begins with field recovery and follows all the way through until release of remains

what part of DMORT is responsible for providing information to surviving family member, collecting antemortem information for victim identification and providing counseling to disaster survivors

the family assistance center

FORDISC analysis is invalid when

the individual is unlikely to belong to one of the FORDISC reference populations

why do adults tend to decrease in stature as they get older

the intervertebral disc spaces narrow and vertebral bodies may collapse

a problem with the fully method of stature estimation is

the need for all bones contributing to height

In radiographic comparisons, it is important to remember

the passage of time between antemortem and postmortem films

In the cleaning of remains, plastic tools are used because

the prevent damage to the remains

which of the following is false concerning the importance of regional standards

the ratio between limb length and stature is consistent throughout human populations

a hertzian cone is

the result of a gunshot wound

the fontanelle is

the soft spot in the head of an infant

forensic anthropologists may use taphonomy to aid in determining

the time since death