UF ANT3520 final exam review
biological anthropology
- can also be referred to as physical anthropology - played an unfortunate role in the development of early racial typographies - is interested in the full extent of human variability - has its earliest origins in the 15th century age of discovery
which of the following trauma was inflicted on the two romanov children buried separately
- grenade - fire - acid
locating a clandestine burial can be done using
- ground penetrating radar - the observation of vegetation changes - cadaver dogs - field-searching in a line
computer programs used in video superimposition allow the analyst to
- improve sharpness, contrast, and detail of antemortem photograph - minimize scaling problems - correct for changes in pitch and rotation of the skull - quantitatively evaluate the fit
early ideas about race in humans
- included groups based on different behavioral norms and personalities - included discrete and easily defined groups - provided the basis for scientific racism
which of the following experts consult with medical examiners on forensic cases
- law enforcement - anthropologists - odontologists - DNA specialists
the coroner is responsible for
- notifying kin - signing the death certificate - collecting the belongings
what is a reason for the identification of the dead
- prosecution of offenders - emotional peace - probate and other social institutions
all maps should have
- scale - datum - north arrow
carnivores are known for
- scattering remains long distances - breaking remains - ingesting remains
the purposes of facial approximation include which of the following
- to generate leads from the community when other investigative techniques have failed - to approximate how an individual looked in real life - to jog the memory of family or friends of a deceased or missing individual
how do forensic anthropologists use the postcranial skeleton to assess sex
- using metric measurements of articular surfaces - observing the morphology of rib-end cartilage - observing the morphology of the pelvis
why is a grid system often used in field recoveries
- when site is visualized as a grid, its easy to keep track of where evidence came from - each square of the grid can be carefully excavated independently of the others - grid systems tie in well with datum points
what types of data are recorded on a 'condition of remains' form
- whether or not the remains are skeletonized -presence/absence of insect activity
modern forensic anthropology has roots in:
-anatomy -medical science -biological anthropology -taphonomic studies
by how much can cadaver stature vary from living stature in a given individual
2 inches
why would a state have a coroner system instead of the medical examiner system
there may not be enough violent crime to have a full time medical pathologist
mass fatality incidents differ from normal case work because
they usually entail remains from a 'closed' population
who is the "father of anthropology"
thomas dwight
what is the most accurate way to collect facial soft tissue depth data
ultrasound on living upright individuals
which of the following traits is most commonly observed in females
vertical forehead
the determination of sex from the skeleton is performed using what/which method
visual assessment and metric assessment
nonmetric traits are
visually assessed
the facility that opened at the university of Tennessee in 1980
was overseen by dr. William "bill" bass and is devoted to the study of human decomposition
of the following colors, which represents the longest exposure to fire in bone
white
a portion of the guiding principle of quality assurance states
write what you do, do what you write
which of the following is not and accurate statement about forensic archeological mapping
a field map does not need to convey the relationship of human remains to other evidence and landmarks within the scene
What is DMORT
a multidisciplinary disaster response team specializing in the recovery and identification of human remains
the world trade center identification process involved
a policy of DNA testing for all remains
the male skull is characterized by
a square chin and large browridges
A medical death investigator
acts as a liason between the medical examiner and the family
which of the following features is least likely to be estimated by a forensic anthropologists and can only be added to a facial approximation if circumstantial evidence for it exists
adornments
which continent has the greatest human genetic diversity
africa
which of the following statements is true
age estimation is more precise for younger individuals
within the mediolegal system the roles of a forensic anthropologist could include
aiding in the recovery of human remains and analyzing traumatic injuries to bone
what did the DNA analysis of the purported romanov remains remonstrate
alexi and one of his sisters was present in the grave excavated in 2007
bone that appears greenish in color can result from
algae staining and copper staining
reconstruction of burned skeletal remains involves
all of the above
the following question is useful is planning for a response to a mass disaster
all of the above
which of these bones is not found in humans
all of the above
which of the following is not a problem with facial approximation
all of the above are problem
radiographic comparison can be conducted using all of the following except
all of the above can be compared radiographically
it is important to have an anthropologist help in the recovery of charred and calcined bone because
an anthropologist is trained in osteology and can recognize small fragments among similar colored debris
the sternum is __________ to the vertebrae
anterior
which of the following statements about anthropology are false
anthropologists do not believe that culture exists and anthropologists strive to understand ultimate truths about humanity
graduate analysts at the CA pound human Identification laboratory are commonly cross trained in
archeology
why do forensic anthropologist do peer reviews
as a means of quality assurance to double check analyses and reports
two processes that drive the decomposition process are
autolysis and putrefaction
The fusion of epiphyses occurs
between 10-20 year of age
to create a facial reconstruction the forensic artist needs to know which of the following
biological profile information
within the first 24 hours after death, time since death can usually be estimated
by a medical examiner without the help of a forensic anthropologist
two dimensional facial reconstruction
can be used to depict facial features describe in witness testimonies
the processing form contains the following tasks
case labeling biological profile maceration
The american board of forensic anthropology ABFA
certifies forensic anthropologists and sets of professional standards
you can age a ______________ but you cant sex him/her; you can sex a __________________ but you cant age him/her
child; adult
human variation is best characterized as
clinal
which of the following is not a category of cremation artifact
commercial
which of the following is a force that can result in trauma
compression, torsion, tension
1939-1971
consolidation period
the relationship among items of evidence and between the greater crime scene and the world at large is referred to as
context
which of the following is not one of the aspects of age estimation
craniometry
which of these is not a goal of initial response efforts to a mass fatality incident
criminal investigation
which of the following fractures are typical of heat damage
cup shaped traverse
which of the following is not an element normally found in bone
dalekanium
which of the following is not helpful to the death investigator compiling a life history
decedents last meal
which of the following methods would give the most accurate and precise age estimate in subadult remains
dental development
which of these is NOT a main objective of the forensic anthropologist
determine cause of death
techniques of subadult age estimation are based on multiple ______________ processes
developmental
internal beveling in bone is indicative of which type of gunshot wound
entrance
Locards exchange principle states that
every contact leaves a trace
in report writing
everything that appears in the report should appear in the notes
characteristics of antemortem trauma may include
evidence of surgical intervention and fracture margins different in color than surrounding bone
The artistic reproduction of the soft tissue feature of an individual is called
facial reproduction and facial approximation
T/F shark predation of human remains is more common than shark scavenging of remains
false
a pelvis shows the following feature: wide sciatic notches, a wide, "u-shaped" subpubic angle, and long, rectangular-shaped pubic bones. In your report, you would most likely conclude the sex of the individual is
female
which of the following would be the best element tp estimate stature
femur
the measurement of long bone lengths is an appropriate method of age estimation for
fetal period through late childhood
a datum is a
fixed point from which all bones and evidence can be measured
the application of the principles of biological anthropology to mediolegal issues is
forensic anthropology
which of these is not a primary subspecialty of anthropology
forensic anthropology
which of the following statements is false concerning forensic pathologists
forensic pathologists are always elected officials
1849-1938
formative period
which of the following forms highly unique patterns in the cranium that can only be seen radiographically
frontal sinus
why might a large female be at a disadvantage as compared to a smaller female
gestation and lactation require a lot of energy
which one of these is a cause of death
gunshot wound to the head
the rule of thumb for estimating fetal development from crow to heel length measurements is known as what
haase's rule
human bodies, like those of other mammals, follow general rules of proportions dealing with
heat conservation and distribution
for males, self reported stature is usually ___________ actual living stature
higher than
which of these is a manner of death
homicide
why do human females have such a difficult time giving birth compared to other animals
humans are born with large brains, but human mother have narrow hip compared to quadrupeds species
which of the following statements is true of mass disasters response involving man made disasters
in addition to providing evidence of personal identification anthropological analysis may supplement other evidence relating to a criminal investigation
which of the following is the definition of in situ
in places, as found
the mandible is _____________ to the cranium
inferior
the two types of bone formation are
intramembranous and endochondral
accession
is all about controlling the evidence
delamination
is the flaking of the outer (cortical) layer of bone
sharp trauma force
is v-shaped in cross section
why is screening an important part of the recovery of human remains
it allows us to collect small bones that may have been missed
which of the following is true concerning plastic deformation
it is the result of slow loading forces
which of the following statements is true
it is very unlikely for any given female to have all expected "feminine" traits
the fibula is ________________ to the tibia
lateral
the settling of the blood in a body after death is known as
livor mortis
which of the following is not part of bergmann's rule
longer limb length are predicted in hot climates
what types of DNA can help to make an identification
mitochondrial DNA nuclear DNA
1972-1999
modern period
which of the following is not an example of a biological factor helpful for an ID
nailpolish color
types of mass disasters and mass fatality events include
natural disasters and man made atrocities
2000-present
new millennium
according to sauer 1992 the goal of the forensic anthropologist is to determine ancestry through use of _______________ categories
none of the above - sauer thinks its irrelevant which categories are used
according to the artist in the forensic file video which part of the body was the hardest to approximate
nose and ears
which of the following is a type of evidence that establishes positive (not presumptive) identification
nuclear DNA
most cases examined by forensic anthropologists are individual victims of homicide and therefore come from what type of population
open
taphonomy and trauma forms are examples of
open forms because there are no specified methods on the form itself
long bone measurements are recorded using what piece of equipment
osteometric board
to line up images in a video or photo superimposition, which of the following are used
osteometric landmarks
the key difference between santeria and palo mayombe is
palo mayombe uses human remains in its rituals
which of the following statements is true of populations
physical traits vary along a global cline/gradient
Identification from cremains is
possible, by analyzing bone and teeth fragments
radiographic comparisons of which of the following are not used in identification
postmortem damage
according to Ousley 1995, forensic stature estimation is less _____________ than trotter and gleser stature estimation but more ________________ for modern forensic cases
precise;accurate
which of the following is not typically part of the processing sequence within the disaster portable morgue unit
psychological counseling for survivors
which of the following is an age indicator for adults
pubic symphysis morphology
exposure to fire causes muscles to contract resulting in the
pugilistic posture
what is the difference between race and ancestry
race is culturally and individually defined, while ancestry describes biological population origins
which of these is not a type of search technique
random search
the four topics covered in this module include all of the following except
recovery
the crucial first step in the investigation of fire related deaths is
recovery of the remains
forensic refers to
scientific work related to the legal system in criminal and civil cases
ancestry assessment in the united states is somewhat unique due to
several disparate groups groups coming together in one place and a specific migration and immigration pattern
The pelvis is the best place to assess
sex
sex assessment of the human skeleton is based on the presence of
sexual dimorphism
maps of a crime scene
show the locations of bones and other evidence
the ___________ is the best area to look when assessing ancestry
skull
the sagittal suture lies in the
skull midline
metric approaches rely on
standardized measurements
broken hyoid bone is usually the result of
strangulation
an oblique fracture would most likely occur in which situation
taking a blow from a baseball bat to the humerus
when a bullet or a projectile passes through the body it creates a
temporary cavity and permanent wound track
quality assurance is a process
that begins with field recovery and follows all the way through until release of remains
what part of DMORT is responsible for providing information to surviving family member, collecting antemortem information for victim identification and providing counseling to disaster survivors
the family assistance center
FORDISC analysis is invalid when
the individual is unlikely to belong to one of the FORDISC reference populations
why do adults tend to decrease in stature as they get older
the intervertebral disc spaces narrow and vertebral bodies may collapse
a problem with the fully method of stature estimation is
the need for all bones contributing to height
In radiographic comparisons, it is important to remember
the passage of time between antemortem and postmortem films
In the cleaning of remains, plastic tools are used because
the prevent damage to the remains
which of the following is false concerning the importance of regional standards
the ratio between limb length and stature is consistent throughout human populations
a hertzian cone is
the result of a gunshot wound
the fontanelle is
the soft spot in the head of an infant
forensic anthropologists may use taphonomy to aid in determining
the time since death
