Cognitive Psychology Chapter 1 Quiz

Which of the following psychologists is known for research on operant conditioning?

B. F. Skinner

Why can we consider Tolman one of the early cognitive psychologists?

Because he used behavior to infer mental processes

Who developed the concept of the cognitive map?

Tolman

Regarding children's language development, Noam Chomsky noted that children generate many sentences they have never heard before. From this, he concluded that language development is driven largely by

an inborn biological program.

Newell and Simon were among the first to use computers for artificial intelligence. Their computer program

created proofs for problems in logic.

By comparing reaction times across different tasks, Donders was able to conclude how long the mind needs to perform a certain cognitive task. Donders interpreted the difference in reaction time between the simple and choice conditions of his experiment as indicating how long it took to

make a decision about the stimulus.

Ebbinghaus's "memory" experiments were important because they

plotted functions that described the operation of the mind.

Behaviorists believe that the presentation of ____________ increases the frequency of behavior.

positive reinforcers

Which of the following does NOT characterize the information processing (IP) approach to the study of cognition?

IP emphasizes stimulus-response relationships in cognitive processes.

Who introduced the flow diagram to represent what is happening in the mind?

Donald Broadbent

Which of the following is an example of artificial intelligence? (1)

A virtual assistant like Siri or Alexa

Which of the following terms is correct in context with "conception within the rat's mind of the maze's layout"?

Cognitive mapping

What is the study of mental processes that includes determining the characteristics and properties of the mind and how it operates?

Cognitive psychology

How is the term mind used in this statement: "When he talks about his encounter with aliens, it sounds like he is out of his mind"?

The mind as a healthy mind being associated with normal functioning, a nonfunctioning mind with abnormal functioning.

Which of the following is a criticism of analytic introspection?

It produces variable results from person to person.

Which is NOT an example of a technique that records information from the brain?

Neuropsychology

Colin Cherry's experiment in which participants listen to two messages simultaneously, one in each ear, found all but which of the following?

People who are deaf process auditory information on a nonconscious level.

Watson became dissatisfied with the method of analytic introspection in which context?

Results were interpreted in terms of invisible inner mental processes

Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin's (1968) model of memory, which was introduced a year after the publication of Neisser's book, described the flow of information in the memory system as progressing through three stages. Which memory holds incoming information for a fraction of a second and then passes most of this information to short-term memory?

Sensory memory

Which of the different approaches to psychology would agree most with the statement: "Human experience is the sum of all basic elements of experience."

Structuralist approach

Who founded the first laboratory of scientific psychology at the University of Leipzig in Germany?

Wilhelm Wundt

The "cognitive revolution" was not really necessary because the study of the mind has been a constant part of experimental psychology since the founding of the first psychology laboratory.

was a gradual process that occurred over a few decades.

Which of the following methods, often associated with structuralism, was used in the psychology laboratory established by Wilhelm Wundt?

Analytic introspection

According to Ebbinghaus's research on memory, savings is a function of

elapsed time.

Wundt's procedure in which trained participants describe their experiences and thought processes in response to stimuli presented under controlled conditions is known as

analytic introspection.

Donald Broadbent was the first person to develop which of the following?

A flow diagram depicting the mind as processing information in a sequence of stages

Where trained participants described their experiences and thought processes in response to stimuli was called?

Analytic introspection

The "Little Albert" experiment involving the rat and the loud noise is an example of which of the following types of experiments?

Classical conditioning

Consider the following definition of the mind: The mind is a system that creates representations of the world so that we can act within it to achieve our goals. Which element of the mind does this definition emphasize?

Functioning and survival

Which of the following is NOT a cognitive process?

Perception, Attention & Memory

Which of the following events is most closely associated with a resurgence in interest in the mind within the study of psychology?

Skinner's publication of the book, Verbal Behavior

How is the term mind used in this statement: "If you put your mind to it, I'm sure you can solve that math problem"?

The mind as problem solver

In Donders's experiment on decision making, when participants were asked to press one button if the light on the left was illuminated and another button if the light on the right was illuminated, they were engaged in a

choice reaction time task.

The relationship between the ____________ is NOT measured directly by cognitive psychologists.

cognitive task and the mental response

Your text describes the occurrence of a "cognitive revolution" during which dramatic changes took place in the way psychology was studied. This so-called revolution occurred parallel to (and, in part, because of) the introduction of

computers.

The first experiments in cognitive psychology were based on the idea that mental responses can be

inferred from the participant's behavior.

In Donders's research on human decision making, he found that it took ____________ to decide which of two buttons to push in response to a stimulus.

less than one second (1/10th)

John Watson believed that psychology should focus on the study of

observable behavior.

The investigation of how behavior is strengthened by presentation of positive reinforcers (e.g., food) or withdrawal of negative reinforcers (e.g., shock) is best known as

operant conditioning.

Reaction time refers to the time between the _______ of a stimulus and a person's response to it.

presentation

In Donders's experiment on decision making, when participants were asked to press a button upon presentation of a light, they were engaged in a

simple reaction time task.

Wundt's approach, which dominated psychology in the late 1800s and early 1900s, was known as

structuralism.