Color

Secondary Hues

(1) Orange, green, and violet. (2) Colors created by mixing equal amounts of two primary colors.

Low-Key interiors

Focus on dark/low values. Can produce a stable, anchored, ponderous, or historic effect. An intellectual or research/reading mode or even a cave-like coziness or theatrical setting.

Tetrad Complements

Four Colors that are equidistant on the color wheel

M.E. Chevreul

French chemist, head of dyestuffs at Gobelin Tapestry, worked near Paris...Book: The Principles of Harmony and Contrast of Colors (best ever written on color)

Blacks and Off-Blacks

Give deep, dark value to the set-off neutrals - sharpening and adding richness to other colors placed next to it.

Cool Colors

Green, Blue-green, Blue, Blue-violet, and Violet

High Key Interiors

Have predominantly high value. Airy, carefree feeling occurs. Can seem romantic and less connected to the earth.

West Light

Hazy and Hot

Alternate Complements

Triad schemes with a direct complement of one of the hues

Depressed?

Vibrant colors lift the spirits

Warm Colors actually

Visually and psychologically warm the temperature of an interior. They are inviting, homey, optimistic, encouraging, and stimulating to the appetite

Subtractive Color Theory

When natural or artificial light hits a colored object, all of the spectral wave bands are absorbed or "subtracted" except the hues that are pigmented, painted or dyed.

Color Samples

Won't give the effect you will want when you have a whole room that color.

Yellow

is naturally very light and has the lightest natural saturation point

Color is a

property of light.

Principles of Design

scale proportion balance rhythm emphasis harmony

Elements of Design

space shape form mass line texture pattern light color

Light and Dull or Neutralized colors

Produce feelings of calm and relaxation

Light Value and Bright Colors

Produce feelings of spontaneity and happiness

Philosophy of Color - Retail Businesses

1) Stimulating, warm, cheerful, and advancing colors are often used in large stores and shopping malls 2) Glitter and neon-bright colors used to appeal to youth 3) Subtle, deep-value tones and neutralized pastels with polished wood and metal give exclusive or rich appearance 4) White, neutrals, and neutralized hues foram a background for colorful merchandise

How to Pick Paint

1) Pick paint color from paint deck 2) Paint large swatches of two or three colors on wall 3) Look at the paint vertically. Look at how the light will hit the paint. 4) Choose several paint chips to decide on the one color in home.

Color consultants

1) Provide specific consulting services for groups or manufacturers 2) Select colors for a wide variety of products 3) Provide schemes for entire interiors 4) Specify colors for architectural projects

Philosophy of Color - Medical Facilities

1) Soft or neutralized colors in a variety of values - from dark to light 2) Use of carpet, warm wood textures, and fire-proof fabric or wall coverings

Cool Colors

1) Calm and relax the mind and body 2) Givie the impression of lack of pressure and plenty of time to wait or to accomplish tasks 3) Suggest more formaility and precision of detail, pattern, and color 4) Expand space 5) Subdue appetite and emotions

Philosophy of Color - Hospitality Facilities

1) Lavish colors and patterns 2) Red and orange-related hues are found to be the most stimulating to the appetite 3) In warm climates, cooler colors are often used 4) In cool climates, warmer colors are often used

Philosophy of Color - Production Plants

1) Light pastel colors that reflect light 2) Cheerful colors influence workers to be cheerful 3) Productivity is increased by eliminating eye fatigue caused by afterimages, stark whites, glossy surfaces. Use Matte or Dull surfaces 4) Primary colors are used to identify controls to increase efficiency and enhance safety

Analogous Colors Formula

60% Main Color + 30% Secondary Color + 10% Accent Color (Suit/Shirt/Tie Proportions)

Analogous harmonies

A color harmony of three or four colors that are adjacent on the color wheel. the similarity of analogous colors tends to produce a calm relaxed feeling in an artwork ex: yellow, yellow-orange and orange

Tones

A hue mixed with either a small quantity of gray or the complement of the hue, resulting in dulling the hue.

Albert H. Munsell Theory

A precise, formula-based system for notating specific colors

Shibusa

A theory of harmonizing color so that combined hues are appealing for a long period of time. Based on ratios and proportions of nature.

Grays

Achieved by mixing various amounts of black and white, which makes true achromatic grays

Warm Colors (Red Orange Yellow)

Active, Fun, Stimulating

Season and climate

Affect color. Winter = Fewer warm wavelengths...Summer - has more wavelengths

Afterimage

An image (usually a negative image) that persists after stimulation has ceased

Dark and Dull or Neutralized Colors

Are serious and profound

Monochromatic

Black/White/Grays + Neutrals + One Color

Texture and Materials

Catch, absorb, and reflect light. Changes colors depending on the light.

Simultaneous Contrast

Changes in perceived hue that occur when a colored stimulus is displayed on backgrounds of various colors

East light

Clear and bright

North light

Clear and cool

Warm Fluorescent Lighting

Closer to Full-spectral energy distribution light

As light changes,

Color changes

Pigments or Dystuffs

Colored chemical compounds, including natural compounds in the earth, that absorb light; A compound that is a coloring agent for paint, ink, crayons and chalk. a nonsoluable coloring matter that is held onto the surface of the fabric with a resin binder

Spectral Light

Colored light inherent in nature

Hue Identity

Colors can be persuaded by other colors.

Spectral Colors

Colors that become visible when white light passes through a prism: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet.

South Light

Constant and warm

Split Complements

Contain a base hue and the two colors on each side of its direct complement - yellow, red-violet and blue-violet

Fluorescent LIghting

Contains more cool spectral colors than warm

Incandescent Lighting

Contains more warm wavelengths than cool

Combustion Lighting

Contains more warm wavelengths, although the flickering quality is generally darker, making colors appear darker.

Shades

Dark value of a color made by adding black

Pastels

Lightened tones or tints of tones made by adding white. They are dull or "dirty' and livable as wall colors - rich but nonassertive

Shibushi

Like Frank Loyd Wright - Based on nature with intense colors as accents and tons of texture

Artificial Lighting

In some forms nearly full spectrum

Color Deficiency

Inability to distinguish value (light and dark) or pairs of complements one from another, frequently red and green

Chroma

Intensity - the relative brightness vs. the dullness - the amount of pure chroma in a given hue

Color

Is most changed by light.

High Contrast

Light and dark values are used to give a sharp or bold contract, precision, drama, or excitement and a clean contemporary scheme. Look professional - No nonsense

High Values

Light hues (tints and pastels) or light achromatics. They visually expand space and are useful when walls, floors, or ceilings need to seem farher away

Tints

Light value of a color made by adding white

International Colour Authority

Meet in the spring and fall in London, where forecasts emerge from international members' panels on bothhome furnishings and apparrel. Reports given on trend development and forecasted color use.

Irritable? Use

Nature's greens

The color wheel has

No neutrals, No black or white

Bold or High-Contrast Colors

Often in retail design and fast-food places. Sense of hurrying is seen.

Subtractive Color Mixing

Optical Color Mixing - Colors placed near one another are visually mixed in a way, which allows us to physically see or interpret colors other than spectral colors.

Spectral Energy Distribution Factor

Orientation or Direction of natural light

Direct Complement Colors

Pairs exactly opposite - red and green; yellow and violet blue and orange...or blue-green and red-orange

Standard Color-Wheel Theory

Palette theory, Prang theory, David Brewster color theory; color circle...Based on three primary colors (red, yellow, and blue) and the variations derived by mixing these, plus black and white. Colors are arranged in a circle, with secondary and tertiary or intermediate colors placed between the primary colors.

Cool Colors (Blue Green Violets)

Peaceful, Calm, Dramatic, Receding

Value distribution based on nature

Placing of values in the general pattern seen in nature. Dark colors on bottom, midtones in middle.

Ostwald Theory

Plotted as triangular pages with hues varied not by chroma but by the amount of black and white.

Warm Colors

Red-violet, red, red-orange, orange, yellow-orange, yellow and yellow-green

Dark or Low Values

Shades and darker tones that close in space. Give warmth feeling.

Tertiary Hues

Six hues made by mixing a primary and a secondary hue...Yellow-orange, red-orange, red-violet, blue-violet, blue-green, and yellow-green

Dark Values and Bright Chroma (Jewel Tones)

Suggest Richness and Strength

Complementary Colors

The Colors opposite each other on the color wheel

Metamerism

The apparent change in color from one light to another

Hue

The color name

Undertones

The colors that are added to a base hue

Orientation

The direction of natural light, means a slant to the spectrum that affects the way colors appear

Neutrals

The families of whites and off-whites, grays, and blacks and off-blacks.

Value

The lightness or darkness of the hue

Law of Chromatic Distribution

The more neutralized colors of the scheme are found in the largest areas, and the smaller the area, the brighter or more intense the chroma becomes.

Full-spectrum Light

all the wavelengths of the visible energy bands seen on a clear, cloudless day.

Browns and beiges

are also often considered neutrals, even though they are actually neutralized colored hues.

Mid-tones

are colors at their normal value or natural saturation point. Give a sense of normality and calm evoking less reaction and are safe, stable, and easy to live with

Browns and Beiges

are often favored because of the warm qualities that they bring to an interior

Off-whites

are produced by adding other neutrals (gray, black, brown) to white or by mixing color and neutrals into white.

Whites and off-whites

give interior increased visual space

Color-group Moods

groups of color that produce emotional response

Violet

has the darkest natural saturation point

Achromatic

having no hue

Monochromatic

having or appearing to have only one color

Neutrals have all of

the colors that are not on the Color Wheel. So yellow is not a neutral.

Visual Acuity

the degree of detail the eye can discern in an image, including the differences in color

Value distribution

the utilization or placement of value for a desired result

Double Complements

two pairs of direct complements that are adjacent or next to each other

Color placement of hues in juxtaposition - or close together -

will cause colors to affect one another