COM-120 Final Exam

The text asserts that in order to be learnable and usable, a language system...

must have rules

According to the text, definitions...

narrow a symbol's possible referents, provide more symbols for which we must determine a referent, help narrow the meaning of a symbol.

According to the text, newly created or used words in a language are called...

neologisms.

The text indicates that a symbol is...

not a direct correspondent to the thing referenced, something that represents something else, communicated verbally or nonverbally.

According to the text, nonverbal communication is...

processed by an older part of the brain.

According to the text, the emotion of love is expressed with nonverbal communication that includes...

prolonged eye contact.

The text links a species ability to deceive to...

rate of survival.

According to the text, the various nonverbal signals can combine to...

repeat the message being sent, contradict the message being sent, modify the message being sent.

According to the text, inference-observation confusion is described as...

the misperception of an unsupported conclusion as being a fact.

According to the text, the most concrete level is...

the moment of stimuli experience.

According to the text, the level of clarity with which we speak varies depending on...

whom we speak to, our intentions and motives, the situation we are in.

According to the text, reliable studies indicate that the percentage of meaning generated by nonverbal communication is close to...

65 percent.

The text indicates that emblems are...

None of these.

According to the text, expressing feelings is a difficult part of verbal communication because...

None of these. Answer found on page

According to the text, a simile is...

a direct comparison of two things using the words like or as, potentially able to lead people to personally connect to a meaning, potentially very explicit for the purpose of conveying a specific meaning.

According to the text, use of "we language" promotes...

a feeling of inclusiveness.

According to the text, nonverbal communication is...

a process of generating meaning using behavior other than words.

According to the text, paralanguage is...

a vocal element of nonverbal communication, the vocalized but not verbal part of a spoken message.

According to the text, slang refers to words...

adapted to a use by a specific group.

According to the text, research has shown that avatars can...

affect behavior offline.

According to the text, a whole message includes...

all relevant types of expressions to effectively communicate in a given situation.

According to the text, a metaphor is...

an implicit comparison of two things that are not alike.

The text indicates that mixed messages...

are messages in which the verbal and nonverbal signs contradict.

According to the text, performative language uses utterances called commissives which...

are more like an action and communicate intent rather than just meaning.

According to the text, objects and possessions that surround us and communicate our identities are known as...

artifacts.

According to the text, how we speak and what we say is linked to...

assumptions of others about our credibility.

According to the text, neologisms come into linguistic existence via...

borrowing words from other languages, blending known words, joining two already known words to form compound.

The text asserts that the primary vehicle for our communication is...

both language and symbols

According to the text, incivility can take many forms, including...

bullying, gossiping, deception.

According to the text, haptics is the study of communication...

by touch.

According to the text, connotation refers to definitions that...

can fluctuate between positive and negative depending on a person's experience, are based on emotion-based associations with people, and are based on experience-based associations with people.

According to the text, words that have multiple meanings which include opposites are called...

contranyms.

The text asserts that personification can...

create a sense of urgency, make an abstract item more concrete, allow people to identify with something they might think not relevant.

According to the text, the placement of objects in a physical space can...

create an intimate climate, create a formal climate, create a distant climate.

According to the text, denotation refers to...

definitions accepted by the whole language group.

According to the text, our ability to communicate about events removed in space and time from the speaker or situation centers on a property of language called...

displacement.

According to the text, expression of thoughts are...

drawn conclusions based on what we have experienced.

According to the text, certain eye behaviors are associated with...

emotional states, personality traits.

According to the text, vocal variation allows us to...

emphasize a particular part of a message.

According to the text, grammar...

enhances our ability to be able to be understood, is empowered by collective agreement, is not inherently right or wrong.

According to the text, polarizing language...

exaggerates differences.

The text links language as powerful to how language...

expresses our identities, performs actions, affects our credibility.

The text indicates that when we are reporting sensory information, we are...

expressing observations.

The text posits that descriptive, rather than evaluative observation expression...

facilitates competent communication, can lessen defensiveness.

According to the text, polysemic words...

far outnumber monosemic words.

According to the text, not expressing needs can lead to...

frustration, feelings of abandonment, resentment.

According to the text, kinesics refers to movement and includes...

gestures as nonverbal communication.

According to the text, we can compensate for the indirect relationship between symbol and referent by...

getting clarification.

The text indicates grammar...

governs word use for making phrases and sentences.

According to the text, polysemic words...

have multiple meanings.

According to the text, codes...

help us generate meaning

According to the text, the triangle of meaning...

highlights the indirect relationship between symbol and referent.

According to the text, the ladder of abstraction illustrates...

how language ranges in abstraction.

According to the text, chronemics refers to...

how time affects communication.

According to the text, verbal and nonverbal behaviors that lessen real or perceived physical and psychological distance between communicators are called...

immediacy behaviors.

According to the text, affective language can be intentionally used...

in relational contexts to create or enhance interpersonal bonds.

According to the text, proxemic zones of personal space include...

intimate distance, personal distance, public distance.

According to the text, language...

is dynamic.

According to the text, a partial message...

is missing a relevant type of expression.

The text indicates that touch...

is necessary for human social development, can be welcoming, threatening, or persuasive.

The text indicates that vocalics...

is the study of paralanguage, is the study of vocalized but nonverbal parts of a message.

According to the text, as we move up the ladder from the direct experience... Select one:

it becomes increasingly difficult to define the meaning of the symbol, we develop the ability to engage the subject in thought and speech outside direct experience.

According to the text, the triangle of meaning is useful because...

it helps make us aware of how common misunderstanding occur

According to the text, nonverbal communication seems more honest and credible because...

it is difficult to fake due to its subconscious and involuntary nature.

According to the text, nonverbal communication is more involuntary because...

it is more below our consciousness.

The text asserts that abstracting is a process of...

leaving things out.

The text indicates several types of touch, including...

love-intimacy, social-polite, functional-professional.

According to the text, a key difference between the abstract nature of verbal and nonverbal communication is...

many nonverbal signals do not have one specific meaning.

According to the text, relationships between symbols and referents is arbitrary. This means...

meaning must be assigned to symbols.

According to the text, nonverbal communication has the capacity to...

occur without our active intent, underlying thoughts or feelings.

According to the text, abstract language can be useful for things like...

offering negative feedback indirectly, asking a favor, avoiding the specifics of a topic.

According to the text, while evolution of language has made communication easier, it has also...

opened up room for misunderstanding

According to the text, context clues for making sense of nonverbal communication signals include...

other nonverbal signals.

The text points out that a challenge we face in defining words is...

our tendency to go up the ladder of abstraction.

According to the text, words that read the same from left to right and right to left are called...

palindromes.

According to the text, language acquisition...

refers to the process by which we learn to use words to communicate within a given language group, refers to the process by which we learn to understand words, refers to the process by which we learn to produce words.

The text defines jargon as...

specialized words used by a specific group.

According to the text, general human postures include...

squatting

According to the text, the primary function of nonverbal communication is to convey meaning by...

substituting for verbal communication, reinforcing verbal communication, contradicting verbal communication.

According to the text, messages communicated in open, honest and nonconfrontational ways can be considered...

supportive.

The text asserts that nonverbal and verbal communication differ in...

that they are processed differently by the brain, content and composition, that we are not the only creatures that engage in nonverbal communication.

According to the text, personal presentation involves...

the artifacts we wear and display around us, our physical characteristics.

The text describes personification as...

the attribution of human qualities to nonhuman objects or abstract concepts.

According to the text, territoriality is...

the drive to take up and defend spaces.

According to the text, humor is largely based on...

the relationship between language and meaning.

According to the text, verbal fillers refer to...

the sounds used to fill gaps in speech.

According to the text, speaking rate refers to...

the speed with which a person speaks.

According to the text, proxemics refers to...

the study of how space and distance influence communication.

According to the text, important aspects of communication ethics include...

the words we choose, the actions we take after we speak, the way we talk.

The text indicates that language is productive in the sense that...

there are an infinite number of utterances we can make.

According to the text, types of unsupportive messages include...

threats, negative comparisons, sarcasm.

According to the text, nonverbal cues that communicate intimacy and signal a connection between two people are called...

tie signs.

According to the text, as humans settled down with agriculture, more symbols were needed...

to accommodate the need for things to be more distinguishable, to accommodate increasing numbers of things, to accommodate increasing number of ideas.

According to the text, nonverbal communication is also used...

to regulate conversational flow, to influence others.

The text indicates that a prime use of adaptors in social situations is...

to use excess energy.

According to the text, affective language is...

used to express a person's feelings and create similar feelings in another person.

According to the text, using language as a means to control involves...

using verbal communication as positive reinforcement, using promises to persuade people to comply, using directives.

The text indicates that nonverbal communication can be engaged...

via hearing, by touch, visually.

According to the text, when we express feelings...

we communicate our emotions.

Regarding pupil dilation, the text indicates that research has shown...

we subconsciously perceive it.