Com 356 Final (CHPT. 8)

Confucian dynamism

Hofstede's cultural dimension that highlights the characteristics of East Asian countries such as long-term orientation to time, hard work, frugality and respect for hierarchy

Uncertainty avoidance

Hofstede's cultural dimension that highlights the tendency to feel threatened by unknown and uncertain situations

Masculinity-femininity

Hofstede's cultural dimensions that distinguishes the societies with distinct gender roles and achievements (masc.) and societies with flexible gender norms and balanced lifestyle (femin.)

Hofstede's cultural dimensions

Devised by Dutch sociologist Geert Hofstede, five variable elements that help distinguish one culture from another: power distance; individualism versus collectivism; masculinity versus femininity; uncertainty avoidance; and Confucian Dynanism

Individualism-collectivism

Hofstede's Cultural dimensions :Individualism (Western cultures): autonomy, personal distinctiveness --> Independent Self, define themselves by personality traits; Collectivism (Eastern cultures): cooperation, social relations --> Interdependent Self, define themselves by group affiliations

Power distance

Hofstede's cultural dimension that highlights how the less powerful members accept unequal distribution of power within organizations

Capitalism

complex social logic that produces a set of relationships among capitalists, laborers, and consumers

Mercantilism

implementation of protectionist policies that exclude foreign goods and subsidize cheap labor in certain industries

GLOBE dimensions

nine cultural dimensions of Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness, including institutional and group collectivism, gender egalitarianism, power distance, future orientation, assertiveness,, performance orientation, and humane orientation

Human Orientation

one of the dimensions of GLOBE on the degree to which organizations/society reward people for being fair, friendly, generous, and kind to others

Performance orientation

one of the dimensions of GLOBE on the extent to which an organization/society rewards members for their quality of performance and level of involvement

assertiveness

one of the dimensions of GLOBE on the extent to which individuals in organization or societies are assertive and confrontational

Commodification of Culture

practice in which cultural experiences are produced and consumed for the market

Fetishization

process of endowing commodities with symbolic and social power

Sign value

symbolic value of a commodity that conveys social meaning and social positioning

Multicultural Teams

task-oriented groups composed of members from different national and ethnic groups

spectacle

the domination of media images and consumer society over individuals and their relationships with others

surplus value

the profit made by reducing labor costs

Neoliberalism

the reassertion of liberal ideologies for reduced state intervention, deregulation, privatization, decreased social protection, and elimination of labor unions

use value

the value of commodity determined by its utility

exchange value

the value of commodity determined by the profit it generates through exchange

Virtual teams

work groups with members who are geographically dispersed and who rely on technology-mediated communication