Com 356 Final (CHPT. 8)
Confucian dynamism
Hofstede's cultural dimension that highlights the characteristics of East Asian countries such as long-term orientation to time, hard work, frugality and respect for hierarchy
Uncertainty avoidance
Hofstede's cultural dimension that highlights the tendency to feel threatened by unknown and uncertain situations
Masculinity-femininity
Hofstede's cultural dimensions that distinguishes the societies with distinct gender roles and achievements (masc.) and societies with flexible gender norms and balanced lifestyle (femin.)
Hofstede's cultural dimensions
Devised by Dutch sociologist Geert Hofstede, five variable elements that help distinguish one culture from another: power distance; individualism versus collectivism; masculinity versus femininity; uncertainty avoidance; and Confucian Dynanism
Individualism-collectivism
Hofstede's Cultural dimensions :Individualism (Western cultures): autonomy, personal distinctiveness --> Independent Self, define themselves by personality traits; Collectivism (Eastern cultures): cooperation, social relations --> Interdependent Self, define themselves by group affiliations
Power distance
Hofstede's cultural dimension that highlights how the less powerful members accept unequal distribution of power within organizations
Capitalism
complex social logic that produces a set of relationships among capitalists, laborers, and consumers
Mercantilism
implementation of protectionist policies that exclude foreign goods and subsidize cheap labor in certain industries
GLOBE dimensions
nine cultural dimensions of Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness, including institutional and group collectivism, gender egalitarianism, power distance, future orientation, assertiveness,, performance orientation, and humane orientation
Human Orientation
one of the dimensions of GLOBE on the degree to which organizations/society reward people for being fair, friendly, generous, and kind to others
Performance orientation
one of the dimensions of GLOBE on the extent to which an organization/society rewards members for their quality of performance and level of involvement
assertiveness
one of the dimensions of GLOBE on the extent to which individuals in organization or societies are assertive and confrontational
Commodification of Culture
practice in which cultural experiences are produced and consumed for the market
Fetishization
process of endowing commodities with symbolic and social power
Sign value
symbolic value of a commodity that conveys social meaning and social positioning
Multicultural Teams
task-oriented groups composed of members from different national and ethnic groups
spectacle
the domination of media images and consumer society over individuals and their relationships with others
surplus value
the profit made by reducing labor costs
Neoliberalism
the reassertion of liberal ideologies for reduced state intervention, deregulation, privatization, decreased social protection, and elimination of labor unions
use value
the value of commodity determined by its utility
exchange value
the value of commodity determined by the profit it generates through exchange
Virtual teams
work groups with members who are geographically dispersed and who rely on technology-mediated communication