quiz 2

Interpersonal mistrust; Compromised self-advocacy in sexual relationships; Poor adherence to treatment

Secondary HIV prevention or positive prevention is used when caring for African-American women living with HIV by addressing which behavioral risks?

primary

The local clinic is dedicated to the well adult and child. It has evening hours and offers varied programs for the community. The programs include immunizations and classes on fire safety, health education, and car safety, to name a few. How would the nurse explain the level of prevention used in this setting to your colleagues?

Encourage the group to participate in the decision making

The nurse conducts a class on the basics of nutrition to a group of obese adults. The nurse counsels the audience, telling them that they need to change their behaviors. By the end of the class, the nurse has lost the audience. To enhance audience participation and learning in the next class, the nurse should:

cohort

The nurse conducts a study that will follow a group of subjects fortwo decades. It involves one group of subjects who have a risk factor for developing diabetes and another group who d o not have a risk factor. The goal is to establish a cause-and-effects relationship between the existence of the risk factor and the occurrence of diabetes. Which study design would be most appropriate?

epidemic curve

The nurse graphs the distribution of influenza cases by the time of onset of influenza. Which would be the result of this work?

The time of onset and duration of the outbreak; The names of all people who have been infected by the virus; The geographical area within which the outbreak has occurred

The nurse has been requested to investigate the outbreak of H1N1 in the community. In documenting the outbreak, which should be included in its description?

randomized control group

The nurse is preparing a research study on the number of heart attacks in the community and the number of individuals who are actively involved in exercise programs following a heart attack. Using knowledge of research study design, which gold standard for a research design should be considered?

case control

The nurse reviews a published analytical research study that compares one group of clients who developed diabetes mellitus before the start of the study with a group of clients without diabetes mellitus. Which type of study design was used in this study?

case

The nurse reviews published research studies on clients with developmental disabilities who receive music therapy once a week. Using knowledge of research studies, what type of research study would entail an in-depth analysis of one group of developmentally disabled individuals and the effects of music therapy?

intervention

The nurse wishes to conduct a study on the effectiveness of animal-assisted therapy in alleviating symptoms of depression. One group of subjects would attend regular counseling sessions in the company of a dog, whereas the other group would attend regular counseling sessions without a dog present. In this study the dogs would represent:

Cause-specific mortality rate

The nurse wishes to determine how many people in the city die from heart attacks each year per 100,000 population. Which type of rate is the nurse attempting to calculate?

supportive spiritual development, pain control, palliative care

The nurse works in a facility that provides hospice care for clients with cancer diagnoses. The nurse recognizes that the care provided in this facility is tertiary in nature. The nurse develops a plan for the clients that would include the tenets of tertiary prevention. The plan would include: (select all that apply)

agent

The nurse works with a female client who recently developed and infection of Staphylococcus aureus while in the hospital. In this case, S.aureus is which component in the chain of infection?

water

The student-nurse discusses transmission that involves contact of a susceptible host with a vehicle. Based on the chain of infectious link, which exemplifies a vehicle?

Number of conditions or events within a designated time period divided by the population at risk during the dame time period multiplied by a base of 10

Which formula should be used to calculate a rate?

Primary measurement used to describe either the occurrence or the existence of a specific state of health or illness

Which most accurately defines "rate"?

Morbidity and mortality from noninfectious diseases have increased

Which most accurately describes how disease patterns have changed from 1900 to the presents?

A tentative hypothesis is formulated

Which occurs in the epidemiologic process that is similar to the diagnosis of the nurse process?

prevalence

Which rate measures the number of people in a given population who have influence at a given point in time?

Immune status Age Physical and emotional health Sex

In infectious disease epidemiology, just the presence of an infectious agent is not sufficient to produce an infectious disease. Which host factors determine whether a person is at risk for an infection or an infectious disease? (Select all that apply.)

Relative risk ratio

Incidence rates for groups exposed to a secondhand smoke are compared with the incidence rates for people who are not exposed to second hand smoke. This will measure the:

Syphilis Gonorrhea Chlamydia

A 16-year old client visits the community health clinic with concerns that she may have a sexually transmitted infection (STI). She asks whether STIs are treatable. STIs that are easily treated and curable include: (Select all that apply.)

An enhanced ability to meet his goals on the basis of his intention and behaviors

A 34 y.o. client is recovering from a below the knee amputation secondary to a motor vehicle accident. The nurse meets with the client to update his care plan, and the client states that he knows he will walk again. He asks for physical therapy schedules and timelines for prosthetics in the basis of his healing process. On the basis of knowledge of the theory of reasoned action, the client behavior reflects:

Portal of exit from infected person Means of transmission Portal of entry to a susceptible host

A student nurse asks if an infection disease is the same thing as a communicable disease. The nurse explains that an infectious disease is not necessarily a communicable disease. Which must a communicable disease have that an infectious disease does not have to have? (Select all that apply.)

Study of the distribution and determinants of states of health and illness in human populations

The community health nurse knows that the early attempts to understand illness and disease focused on the study of the experiences of individual people. Using this knowledge, how would the nurse define epidemiology to a group of nursing students?