Combo with "PSYC 1101 Review for Chapter 12" and 17 others

latent content

(psychoanalysis) hidden meaning of a fantasy or dream

natural killer cell

- immune system cell responsible for suppressing viruses and destroying tumor cells

self-fulfilling prophecy

- the tendency of one's expectations to affect one's behavior in such a way as to make the expectations more likely to occur

overgeneralization

- the tendency to interpret a single negative event as a never-ending pattern of defeat and failure

realistic conflict theory

- theory stating that prejudice and discrimination will be increased between groups that are in conflict over a limited resource

93) According to Freud, the second part of the personality is the ego, which gets its name from the Latin word for ________.

"I"

According to Freud, the second part of the personality is the ego, which gets its name from the Latin word for ________. Select one: a. "right" b. "pride" c. "I" d. "self"

"I"

Jessie becomes furious when her favorite hockey player is intentionally hurt by an opponent. According to Freud's model of the mind, her id would unconsciously say ________. Select one: a. "Thou shalt not kill" b. "I'm going to tear this program in half!" c. "What, me angry? I never get angry" d. "I'm so angry I could kill that player"

"I'm so angry I could kill that player"

hallucinations, delusions, and bizarre behavior

Antipsychotic drugs treat symptoms such as

According to your text, the major objective of the MMPI-2 is to _____.

Assist in the diagnosis of psychological disorders

You are a contestant on Jeopardy! and it is your turn. You say to Alex, "I'll take Ancient Explanations of Mental Illness for $100." The answer is, "His was the first recorded attempt to explain abnormal behavior as due to some biological process." The smile on your face reveals the confidence you have as you say______________. A) "Who is Carl Rogers?" B) "Who is Hippocrates?" C) "Who is John Watson?" D) "Who is Sigmund Freud?"

B) "Who is Hippocrates?"

While talking with his best friend Johnny, Maurice, who is clearly down and out, says "Dude, I just have no luck with girls at all. I asked Gina out last night and she turned me down flat. Nobody will EVER want to go out with me. Why am I such a loser?" Because Johnny has recently taken an abnormal psychology class, he uses a cognitive perspective to answer Maurice. Which of the following might Johnny say? A) "You know, buddy, it sounds like you're really stuck in a battle between your id and superego!" B) "You know, dude, I think your neurotransmitters are all out of whack. Why don't you go to a doctor?" d) "Hey, pal, you are really overgeneralizing. Just because Gina said no doesn't mean that all girls will!" C) "Hey, friend, I think that you've learned to see yourself negatively, so now you need to learn to see yourself positively!"

B) "You know, dude, I think your neurotransmitters are all out of whack. Why don't you go to a doctor?"

How does dissociative amnesia differ from amnesia in general? A) Dissociative amnesia involves an actual loss of memory; in general, amnesia does not. B) In general, there is a physiological basis for amnesia; in dissociative amnesia, there is not. C) Dissociative amnesia is more severe than simple amnesia. D) There is really no appreciable difference between the two forms of amnesia.

B) In general, there is a physiological basis for amnesia; in dissociative amnesia, there is not.

Which of the following correctly defines an important symptom of antisocial personality disorder? A) Exaggerated sense of self-importance B) Little emotional empathy or remorse toward others C) Reliance on relationships to define oneself D) Extreme introversion and withdrawal

B) Little emotional empathy or remorse toward others

An irrational fear of some object or specific situation is called ____________. A) agoraphobia B) a specific phobia C) an interactive phobia D) a social phobia

B) a specific phobia

Which model of abnormality explains abnormal behavior as the result of a set of learned responses? A) psychoanalytic B) behavioral C) cognitive D) biological

B) behavioral

Which alternative correctly pairs a component of the bio-psycho-social model of illness with an example? A) social - irrational thought patterns may be related to depression B) biological - excesses of the neurotransmitter dopamine may be implicated in schizophrenia C) psychological - schizophrenia is more common in low-SES communities D) All of these are correctly paired.

B) biological - excesses of the neurotransmitter dopamine may be implicated in schizophrenia

Which of the following major anxiety disorders is CORRECTLY paired with a description? A) phobic disorder - sense of impending doom, along with intense physiological arousal B) generalized anxiety disorder - persistent, uncontrollable, free-floating worry C) panic disorder - unwanted, intrusive thoughts, or urges to perform specific behaviors D) obsessive-compulsive disorder - intense, irrational fear of a specific object or situation E) None of these is correctly paired.

B) generalized anxiety disorder - persistent, uncontrollable, free-floating worry

Paige has hypochondriasis. This means that: A) she is faking physical symptoms to gain attention B) she misinterprets minor sensations as evidence of a serious disease C) she is experiencing physical symptoms that have no apparent cause D) she is experiencing specific neurological symptoms that have no basis

B) she misinterprets minor sensations as evidence of a serious disease

You are a contestant on Jeopardy! and it is your turn. You say, "I'll take History of Therapies for $100." The answer is, "He began the movement for humane treatment of the mentally ill." The smile on your face reveals the confidence you have as you say______________. A) "Who was Sigmund Freud?" B) "Who was Philippe Pinel?" C) "Who was Abraham Maslow?" D) "Who was Carl Rogers?"

B. "Who was Philippe Pinel?"

According to Freud's theory of personality development, there are ________ stages that each person must pass through. A) 8 B) 5 C) 3 D) 7

B. 5

Which of the following is correct concerning the interaction of culture and food? A) There were no differences in the eating habits of American and Japanese men and women. B) American women eat when they are depressed whereas Japanese women eat because of social demands. C) American men and women both eat to reduce depression whereas Japanese men and women eat to reduce anger. D) Japanese men ate more than both American men and women.

B. American woman eat when they are depressed whereas Japanese women eat because of social demands

An eating disorder characterized by eating binges followed by self-induced vomiting is called ________. A) leptin reduction B) bulimia C) hormone under secretion D) anorexia nervosa

B. Bulimia

Jung believed that there were two levels to the unconscious mind, the personal and the ________. A) preconscious B) collective C) animus D) anima

B. Collective

Many have compared Freud's idea of the mind to an iceberg. If that were the case and you were standing on the deck of a ship in Alaska, what part of the mind would you see above the water? A) superego B) ego C) id D) preconscious

B. Ego

For the past six months, Dahlia's job has been extremely stressful, but she doesn't feel that she can quit because she needs the money for tuition. Dahlia has been having chronic headaches and is behind in all of her classes. According to Hans Selye, Dahlia is in the ______ stage of the general adaptation syndrome. A) alarm B) exhaustion C) resistance D) collapse

B. Exhaustion

Measuring intelligence by testing is a rather new concept in the history of the world. The idea of such testing came from (the) _____________. A) Soviet Union B) France C) United Kingdom D) United States

B. France

Steve is 21 years old and has never gone on a date. His parents are concerned and take him to see a therapist. The therapist tells Steve to lie down on the couch and relax. The therapist sits behind Steve and asks him to say whatever comes into his head. Steve eventually talks about his fear of women, which leads him to think about his early experiences with women: his mother, her friends, his teachers, and so on. Steve's therapist is using ______. A) the empty chair technique B) free association C) counterconditioning D) pole-shifting

B. Free association

There were three friends. Maybe you've heard of them! Harry was rational, logical, and cunning. Hermione was rule oriented, moral, and always ethical. Ron was pleasure seeking, found it hard to delay gratification, and usually just did what he wanted. According to Freud, Ron was mostly ___________. A) libido B) id C) ego D) superego

B. Id

In interpreting a dream, a psychoanalyst would attempt to discover the dream's__________. A) manifest content B) latent content C) symbolic content D) psychological content

B. Latent content

Levon has a Type B personality. Which of the following is most likely? A) Levon gets easily upset. B) Levon is slow to anger. C) Levon is determined to achieve. D) Levon is competitive.

B. Levon is slow to anger

Bob has been under a physician's care for bipolar disorder. Bob's doctor is most likely to prescribe which of the following to treat Bob's disorder? A) tricyclics B) lithium C) Prozac D) Ritalin

B. Lithium

Karesh is from India and really cares about others' welfare. His wife is Chinese and he is known for the fact that he does not adhere to strict rules and regulations. He is tolerant of others and plans to become a social worker. According to Hofstede, what type of cultural personality would Karesh be? A) highly individualistic B) low in uncertainty avoidance C) feminine D) highly masculine

B. Low in uncertainty avoidance

Which term was given to psychoanalysts who broke away from strict interpretation of Freud's theory and developed theories of their own that were based upon Freud's work? A) anti-Freudians B) neo-Freudians C) retro-Freudians D) nouveau-Freudians

B. Neo-Freudians

When looking at a glass that is neither completely full nor completely empty, a(n) __________ might say "that glass is half full," while a(n) ____________ might say " no, that glass is half empty!" A) pessimist; optimist B) optimist; pessimist C) optimist; realist D) realist; pessimist

B. Optimist; pessimist

The _________nervous system returns the body to normal, day-to-day functioning after a stressful period. A) sympathetic B) parasympathetic C) central D) somatic

B. Parasympathetic

Joey put a quarter in the gumball machine only to find that the machine was not working. He continued to turn the dial on the machine in the hope that he would retrieve a gumball. Joey's behavior is called ____________. A) increasing efforts B) persistence C) varying efforts D) aggression

B. Persistence

An urgent demand or expectation for our behavior that comes from an outside source is called ________. A) anxiety B) pressure C) cognitive dissonance D) overload

B. Pressure

In which form of therapy does the therapist take a directive role, challenging clients when they make "my way or nothing" statements? A) psychoanalysis B) rational-emotive behavioral therapy C) person-centered therapy D) behavior therapy

B. Rational-emotive behavioral therapy

According to Carl Rogers, the __________is how people see their actual traits and abilities. A) ego B) real self C) ideal self D) id

B. Real self

A famous psychologist argues that there are three factors that influence personality: environment, person, and behavior. This psychologist is most likely a ______ psychologist. A) psychodynamic B) social cognitive C) trait D) psychoanalytic

B. Social cognitive

mostly girls

. Jill is an 8-year-old girl who is having a birthday party. According to Freud, since Jill is in the latency period, whom would you expect to be at her party?

97) When assessing personality, many psychologists take the eclectic view, which means they ________.

...

Approximately what percent of people world wide will develop schizophrenia at some point during their lives?

0.7

32) The growth spurt in female puberty usually starts at around ________ years of age.

10-12

10. According to Freud, the ______ acts as our conscience. a. id b. superego c. ego d. collective unconscious

10. b. superego

102. The form of behavioral therapy in which an undesirable behavior is paired with an unpleasant stimulus to reduce the frequency of the behavior is called _______. a. token economy b. operant conditioning c. aversion therapy d. participant modeling

102. c. aversion therapy

103. Therapy that depends on identifying and changing distorted thinking and unrealistic beliefs is ______ therapy. a. cognitive b. psychoanalytic c. behavior d. person-centered

103. a. cognitive

109. According to Albert Ellis, we become unhappy and depressed about events because of _______. a. our behaviors b. our irrational beliefs c. the events that happen to us d. other people's irrational beliefs

109. b. our irrational beliefs

11. For the behaviorist, personality is a set of learned responses or _______. a. traits b. conditions c. stimuli d. habits

11. d. habits

110. In which form of therapy does the therapist take a directive role, challenging clients when they make "my way or nothing" statements? a. psychoanalysis b. behavior therapy c. person-centered therapy d. rational-emotive behavioral therapy

110. d. rational-emotive behavioral therapy

113. A goal of family therapy is to ______. a. change the needs of individual family members b. improve family communication and interaction c. identify and treat the person in the family who is the source of the majority of the family's problems d. teach family members to remain neutral on sensitive issues

113. b. improve family communication and interaction

12. A famous psychologist argues that there are three factors that influence personality: environment, person, and behavior. This psychologist is most likely a ______ psychologist. a. psychodynamic b. social cognitive c. psychoanalytic d. trait

12. b. social cognitive

18. What do Abraham Maslow's and Carl Rogers's theories have in common? a. They are both stage theories. b. They focus on unconscious motivation. c. They believe that each human being is free to choose his or her own destiny. d. They both fit in the learning/cognitive perspective.

18. c. They believe that each human being is free to choose his or her own destiny.

19. Which of the following descriptions is likely to fit the quality of self-actualization? a. shy, silent, and humorless b. real self close to ideal self c. ideal self dominating real self d. superego dominating id

19. b. real self close to ideal self

sensory memory normally holds visual images for a fraction of a second and sounds for about

2 seconds

20. In Carl Rogers's theory, our perception of our abilities, behaviors, and characteristics is known as ______. a. personality b. self-regard c. self-esteem d. self-concept

20. d. self-concept

22. Carl Rogers emphasized accepting people for what they are, not for what you would like them to be. This acceptance is termed ______. a. conditional esteem b. unconditional esteem c. conditional positive regard d. unconditional positive regard

22. d. unconditional positive regard

23. Which one of the goals of psychology would be most relevant in the trait perspective? a. description b. explanation c. maintenance d. control

23. a. description

There are nearly ____ times as many males diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder as females.

3-6

3. The ________ theory of personality has its basis in the theories of learning, and focuses on the effects of environment on one's personal characteristics and actions. a. psychodynamic b. humanistic c. trait d. behaviorist

3. d. behaviorist

15) What percentage of men and women report some sort of sexual dysfunction?

30-40 percent

34. Personality assessments conducted by behaviorists sometimes make use of _______. a. projective tests b. introjective tests c. reports by friends d. rating scales and frequency counts

34. d. rating scales and frequency counts

35. As part of an application for a job, Dan is asked to complete some psychological tests including one in which he responds true or false to items such as "I feel sad most of the time," or "I had a good childhood." What type of psychological test is Dan taking? a. a behavioral log b. the TAT c. a projective test d. an inventory

35. d. an inventory

138) According to the Janus Report, approximately what percentage of males reported extramarital affairs?

40%...

40. Maria is a retired factory worker who lives with anxiety. Due to the fear of having anxiety attacks, she does not leave her house. This makes her feel trapped in her home, which creates distress. Which criterion would be most appropriate in deciding whether Maria's case represents an example of abnormality? a. statistical rarity b. subjective discomfort c. situational context d. social norm deviance

40. b. subjective discomfort

52. How many axes of data are considered in a full DSM-based diagnosis? a. 3 b. 5 c. 6 d. 10

52. b. 5

56. Axis II of the DSM-IV-TR consists of ________. a. global assessment of functioning b. clinical disorders and other conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention c. psychosocial and environmental problems d. personality disorders and mental retardation

56. d. personality disorders and mental retardation

57. Axis III of the DSM-IV-TR includes ________. a. physical disorders that affect a person's psychological adjustment b. all psychological disorders except personality disorders c. information about problems in the person's life that might affect adjustment, such as death of a loved one d. an overall judgment made by the psychological professional of the person's mental health and adjustment based on a scale from 0 to 100

57. a. physical disorders that affect a person's psychological adjustment

6. "If it feels good do it" best describes the _______. a. id b. ego c. superego d. preconscious

6. a. id

63. An irrational, persistent fear of something is called a ______. a. mania b. obsession c. phobia d. compulsion

63. c. phobia

64. People who have a(n) ______ are afraid of being evaluated in some negative way by others, so they tend to avoid situations that can be embarrassing. a. agoraphobia b. social phobia c. specific phobia d. interactive phobia

64. b. social phobia

66. Fear of being in a place or situation from which escape is difficult or impossible if something should go wrong is called ______. a. agoraphobia b. a social phobia c. a specific phobia d. trypanophobia

66. a. agoraphobia

74. Which of the following best describes dysthymia? a. a mild, chronic form of depression b. a severe, intermittent form of depression c. a form of depression that affects biological functions such as appetite d. a form of depression that is very responsive to electroconvulsive therapy

74. a. a mild, chronic form of depression

75. Severe depression that comes on suddenly and seems to have no external cause is called ______. a. dysthymia b. bipolar disorder c. hypomania d. major depression

75. d. major depression

79. False beliefs held by a person who refuses to accept evidence of their falseness are known as ______. a. delusions b. hallucinations c. obsessions d. compulsions

79. a. delusions

Jane is experiencing loss of equilibrium, decreased sensory and motor capabilities, and double vision. How many drinks is Jane likely to have had?

8-10

8. The ______ controls the satisfaction of the id's drives in the external world. a. personal unconscious b. ego c. superego d. persona

8. b. ego

80. Delusions of ________are false beliefs held by a person who is convinced that others are trying to hurt them in some way. a. persecution b. grandeur c. reference d. influence

80. a. persecution

87. Marty is moody, manipulative, unstable, lacks a clear sense of identity, and often clings to others. He wants to have close relationships but is unable to do so because he is untrusting of others. Marty is suffering from ______ personality disorder. a. antisocial b. avoidant c. dependent d. borderline

87. d. borderline

88. The kind of therapy that involves talking things out with a professional is called _________. a. psychotherapy b. biomedical therapy c. physical therapy d. electroconvulsive shock therapy

88. a. psychotherapy

90. Therapies directed at changing the disordered behavior are referred to as _______. a. action therapies b. insight therapies c. biomedical therapies d. relationship therapies

90. a. action therapies

91. A therapist is interested in helping his client change his disordered behavior. This therapist is most likely to be a/an _______. a. action therapist b. insight therapist c. biomedical therapist d. relationship therapist

91. a. action therapist

96. What is the primary goal of the therapist in person-centered therapy? a. to facilitate transference b. to eliminate the client's undesirable behaviors c. to provide unconditional positive regard d. to help the client become more aware of his or her own feelings

96. c. to provide unconditional positive regard

97. What is a major goal of the Gestalt therapist? a. to facilitate transference b. to eliminate the client's undesirable behaviors c. to provide unconditional positive regard d. to help clients become more aware of their own feelings

97. d. to help clients become more aware of their own feelings

98. In Gestalt therapy, the therapist is ______ and ______. a. passive; nondirective b. passive; directive c. active; nondirective d. active; directive

98. d. active; directive

Which of the following is a therapy based on the principles of classical conditioning? A) reinforcement B) systematic desensitization C) contingency contract D) token economy

B. Systematic desensitization

Gestalt therapy emphasizes ______. A) early childhood influences on adult behavior B) the here-and-now C) the role of unsatisfactory relationships in the development of maladaptive behaviors D) finding the initial causes of current problems

B. The here-and-now

The therapist's feeling of respect and affection for the client that exists without any strings attached, no matter what the client may say or do, is called __________. A) empathy B) unconditional positive regard C) conditions of worth D) catharsis

B. Unconditional positive regard

When assessing personality, many psychologists take the eclectic view, which means they ________. A) focus on unconscious motives B) use a variety of approaches C) focus on behavior D) use only one specific approach

B. Use a variety of approaches

________ therapies have had considerable success in treating bedwetting, overeating, drug addictions, and phobic reactions. Answer Behavior Psychoanalytic Biomedical Humanistic

Behavior

social cognitive

A famous psychologist argues that there are three factors that influence personality: environment, person, and behavior. This psychologist is most likely a ______ psychologist.

positive

A hospital patient was diagnosed as suffering from schizophrenia because she was having both delusions and hallucinations. What type of symptoms are these?

ignore the tantrums and pay attention to her son only when he is calm

A parent wishes to stop her young son from throwing temper tantrums. You suggest she use extinction and advise her to

amoral

A personality that consisted of only the ego and the id would be completely

A multiphasic personality test measures _____.

A range of personality traits

overgeneralization

A technique which assumes it is impossible to be relaxed and anxious at the same time is

rational-emotive

A therapist challenges what she sees as her client's irrational and self-defeating beliefs. She uses persuasion, confrontation, arguments, and even homework assignments to challenge those beliefs. She is probably a ________ therapist.

behavior

A young boy is attacked by a large dog. He is now terribly afraid of all large dogs. His phobia of dogs is BEST explained by __________ theory

In any given year, about ______ percent of adults over the age of 18 suffer from a mental disorder. A) 22 B) 43 C) 33 D) 12

A) 22

Which of the following statements DOES NOT accurately describe a broad similarity between panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder? A) Both involve long-term, persistent anxiety B) Both involve a number of physical symptoms. C) Neither one is triggered by a specific stimulus. D) All these statements describe similarities between panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder.

A) Both involve long-term, persistent anxiety

____________is a term that refers to the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which a person's behavior takes place. A) Cultural relativity B) Situational relativity C) Situational context D) Social context

A) Cultural relativityv

Which of the following statements might a psychodynamic theorist make about personality disorders? A) They are due to an inadequate resolution of the Oedipus complex. B) They have physiological causes. C) They are the result of classical conditioning. D) They are a type of learned behavior.

A) They are due to an inadequate resolution of the Oedipus complex.

In 1879, in Leipzig, Germany, the first psychological laboratory was developed by ______________. A) Wilhelm Wundt B) William Tell C) Sigmund Freud D) William James

A) Wilhelm Wundt

The use of antianxiety drugs to treat anxiety disorders is gradually being phased out in favor of treatment with _______________ drugs. A) antidepressant B) antipsychotic C) sedative D) antimanic

A) antidepressant

Which of the following brain abnormalities is NOT associated with schizophrenia? A) low levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine B) low activity in the frontal lobe C) reduced temporal lobe activity D) enlarged cerebral ventricles

A) low levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine

Major depression, dysthymia, and bipolar disorder are all examples of ______ disorders. A) mood B) neurotic C) psychotic D) somatoform

A) mood

When using the DSM-IV-TR's system of axes, A) multiple types of information are gathered on a patient. B) many alternative diagnoses are made for each patient. C) different diagnostic criteria are used for different patients, depending on the specific case. D) information on six different dimensions are multiplied to create a diagnosis.

A) multiple types of information are gathered on a patient.

An anxiety disorder characterized by frequent panic attacks that affect the person's ability to function in day-to-day living is called ______. A) panic disorder B) phobic disorder C) generalized anxiety disorder D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

A) panic disorder

An irrational, persistent fear of something is called a ______. A) phobia B) mania C) compulsion D) obsession

A) phobia

Which of the following was not one of the four humors studied by Hippocrates? A) pus B) blood C) phlegm D) yellow bile

A) pus

What do the culture-bound syndromes anorexia nervosa and susto have in common? A) they both have the symptom of weight loss. B) they are both seen primarily in the southern United States C) they both have the symptoms of binging and purging D) they are both unique to women

A) they both have the symptom of weight loss.

Allen, who has a drug abuse problem, is MOST likely to be successfully treated by ______. A) behavior therapy B) psychoanalysis C) Gestalt therapy D) family therapy

A. Behavior therapy

_______________ formed a large part of Freud's psychoanalytic method. A) Dream interpretation B) Empathy C) Unconditional positive regard D) Reflection

A. Dream interpretation

The ______ controls the satisfaction of the id's drives in the external world. A) ego B) superego C) personal unconscious D) persona

A. Ego

Vanna's mother is ill and Vanna is feeling overwhelmed and sad. To cope with this stress of her mother's illness, Vanna has been writing her feelings down in a journal. Vanna is using ___________. A) emotion-focused coping B) reappraisal C) problem-focused coping D) distraction

A. Emotion-focused coping

Iram made a New Year's resolution to promote wellness in his life. Which of the following are ways in which he can begin to incorporate wellness into his life? A) exercise regularly B) take on more responsibility at work C) spend more time alone D) eat fatty foods

A. Exercise regularly

According to Hans Selye, resistance to stress is lowest at the _____________ stage of the general adaptation syndrome. A) exhaustion B) alarm C) resistance D) collapse

A. Exhaustion

Iram is afraid of snakes. In an effort to help him overcome his fear, his therapist has him enter a room where there are dozens of snakes and has him hold them. Iram is not permitted to leave the room until the therapy session is completed. Iram's therapist is using______. A) flooding B) aversion therapy C) systematic desensitization

A. Flooding

A type of therapy in which clients meet regularly in a group setting and discuss problems under the guidance of a single therapist is called ______ therapy. A) group B) social C) informal D) Gestalt

A. Group

In Freud's theory, the id is to fun as the superego is to ____________ A) guilt B) rules C) freedom D) pride

A. Guilt

Burning your toast, having trouble opening an e-mail attachment, breaking a glass, and running late for an appointment are all examples of ___________. A) hassles B) uplifts C) distress D) downturns

A. Hassles

What is Freud's term for the primitive, biological side of personality? A) id B) ego C) superego D) preconscious

A. Id

According to Albert Ellis, we become unhappy and depressed about events because of _______. A) our irrational beliefs B) other people's irrational beliefs C) the events that happen to us D) our behaviors

A. Our irrational beliefs

Dr. Graham listens to Maria's statements and then restates what he feels is Maria's message and describes her emotions. What type of therapy is Dr. Graham practicing? A) person-centered B) cognitive C) psychoanalytic D) behavior

A. Person-centered

Frustration that occurs when a goal or need cannot be attained due to personal characteristics is called_________. A) personal frustration B) external frustration C) a hassle D) internal conflict

A. Personal frustration

According to Jung, each person's own repressed thoughts, undeveloped ideas, and forgotten experiences are contained in the ______. A) personal unconscious B) persona C) archetype D) collective unconscious

A. Personal unconscious

A disorder resulting from exposure to a major stressor, with symptoms of anxiety, nightmares, poor sleep, reliving the event, and concentration problems, lasting for more than one month is called_________. A) post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) B) external locus of control C) catastrophic stress D) acute stress disorder

A. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

______ are specifically trained to use biomedical therapies. A) Psychiatrists B) Social workers C) Counselors D) Family therapists

A. Psychiatrists

A client lies on a couch with the therapist sitting out of sight behind her. The therapist gets to know the client's problems through free association and positive and negative transference. This is an example of ______ therapy. A) psychoanalytic B) person-centered C) behavior D) rational-emotive

A. Psychoanalytic

Psychological tests that yield relatively consistent results are said to be __________. A) reliable B) valid C) standardized D) normed

A. Reliable

A person in the _________________ stage of the general adaptation syndrome may feel better even though he or she continues to secrete hormones to help the body fight a stressor. A) resistance B) termination C) alarm D) exhaustion

A. Resistance

Alcoholics Anonymous is a particularly well-known ______. A) self-help group B) structured behavior therapy group C) psychoanalytic therapy group D) desensitization group

A. Self-help group

_________ is the term used to describe the physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses to events that are threatening or challenging. A) Stress B) Distress C) Burnout D) Dysphoria

A. Stress

Sexual problems that result from psychological causes are referred to as _________. A) stress-induced dysfunctions B) GOPs (gonad operative problems) C) cortical erectile difficulties D) organic dysfunctions

A. Stress-induced dysfunctions

43) Which of the following is caused by a virus?

AIDS

self-efficacy

According to Albert Bandura, a person's belief about his or her skills and ability to perform certain behaviors is known as

our irrational beliefs

According to Albert Ellis, we become unhappy and depressed about events because of

manifest content

According to Freud, the ________ of the dream refers to the client's memory of the things, people, and events in the dream.

anxiety

According to Freud, the result of conflict between the id and superego is

phallic stage

According to Freud, the stage in which children develop a marked attachment to the parent of the opposite sex and become jealous of the same-sex parent is the

collective unconscious

According to Jung, the memories and behavior patterns inherited from past generations are part of the

womb envy

According to Karen Horney, men had

being raised without love, affection, and security

According to Karen Horney, what causes us to develop a neurotic personality?

Three of the most influential neo-Freudians were _____.

Adler, Jung, and Horney

a dissociative disorder

After being passed up for a promotion and then getting into a heated argument with his son, a man disappears. He shows up two weeks later in another town with no memory of who he is or how he got there. He appears to be suffering from

expectancy

Albert Bandura is to self-efficacy as Julian Rotter is to

reciprocal determinism

Albert Bandura's notion that people are affected by their environment but can also influence that environment is known as

lithium

Bob has been under a physician's care for bipolar disorder. Bob's doctor is most likely to prescribe which of the following to treat Bob's disorder?

What is the primary difficulty with applying the criterion of "social norm deviance" to define abnormal behavior? A) Norms are difficult to enumerate. B) Cultures accept and view all behaviors as normal. C) Behavior that is considered disordered in one culture may be acceptable in another. D) Norms do not guide behavior except in rare instances.

C) Behavior that is considered disordered in one culture may be acceptable in another.

Which of the following statements might someone with a biological perspective make about schizophrenia? A) Its symptoms are shaped by the processes of reinforcement and extinction. B) It is a severe breakdown of the ego as a result of a disturbed relationship between mother and child. C) It is caused by genetics, chemical influences, and brain structural defects. D) Its symptoms, such as irrational beliefs, are a severe form of illogical thinking.

C) It is caused by genetics, chemical influences, and brain structural defects.

Obsession is to compulsion as _______ is to _______. A) emotion; cognition B) cognition; emotion C) cognition; behavior D) behavior; cognition

C) cognition; behavior

Joey experienced a great amount of anger throughout his childhood and adolescence that he turned inward rather than expressing to others. As a result of not expressing his anger, which of the following disorders is Joey at risk of developing? A) anxiety B) fugue C) depression D) schizophrenia

C) depression

Laurie, a 30-year-old homemaker, has delusions and hallucinations, often acts silly, giggles loudly and inappropriately, makes odd gestures, and does not bathe or change her clothes regularly. Her symptoms indicate she is suffering from ______ schizophrenia. A) undifferentiated B) catatonic C) disorganized D) paranoid

C) disorganized

The term affect is used by psychologists to refer to ______. A) intuition B) behavior C) emotion D) though

C) emotion

Each of the following neurotransmitters seems to play a role in depression EXCEPT: A) dopamine B) serotonin C) endorphins D) norepinephrine

C) endorphins

Your text suggests that dissociative disorders generally occur as a result of: A) chronic substance abuse B) sudden brain injury C) extremely stressful or traumatic episodes D) neurotransmitter deficits

C) extremely stressful or traumatic episodes

Which of the following is a condition in which a person shows little or no emotion? A) delusions B) inappropriate affect C) flat affect D) hallucinations

C) flat affect

Psychological disorders that take on physical symptoms in the absence of a medical cause are called ________ disorders. A) dissociative B) hypochondriacal C) somatoform D) mood

C) somatoform

According to Freud, the second part of the personality is the ego, which gets its name from the Latin word for __________. A) "pride" B) "right" C) "I" D) "self"

C. "I"

You are reading an article that critiques Freud's theory. Which of the following could be the title? A) "Sex Is More Influential Than We Think" B) "The Id Really Does Exist!" C) "Never Use the Dreams of Sexually Frustrated Rich Women as a Basis for a Theory." D) "Sometimes a Cigar Is Just a Cigar"

C. "Never Use the Dreams of Sexually Frustrated Rich Women as a Basis for a Theory"

What percentage of men and women report some sort of sexual dysfunction? A) 10-20 percent B) 90-100 percent C) 30-40 percent D) 20-30 percent

C. 30-40 percent

According to Holmes and Rahe, a person who scores over 300 on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale is more likely than are people with lower scores to have what kind of experience in the near future? A) a divorce B) commission of a crime C) a higher chance of becoming ill or having an accident D) more frequent changes of job

C. A higher chance of becoming ill or having an accident

The term Terman's Termites refers to __________ . A) a group of Army soldiers who on the basis of their IQ were followed through their military career B) a set of developmentally delayed students that Terman studied intensively C) a sample of gifted children who were studied and followed into adulthood D) none of these

C. A sample of gifted children who were studied and followed into adulthood

A group composed of people who have similar problems and who meet together without a therapist or counselor for the purpose of discussion, problem solving, and social and emotional support is called______. A) individual therapy B) family therapy C) a self-help group D) a systematic desensitization group

C. A self-help group

Which of the following is an example of an avoidance-avoidance conflict? A) A person who loves chocolate must choose between eating chocolate cake or chocolate ice cream. B) A person who enjoys the ocean has to choose between retiring in the Bahamas or in Tahiti. C) A student has to decide whether to turn in an unfinished paper and receive a failing grade or hand it in late and lose many points. D) A person has to choose between wanting to eat some cake but not wanting the calories.

C. A student has to decide whether to turn in an unfinished paper and receive a failing grade or hand it in late and lose many points

A therapist is interested in helping his client change his disordered behavior. This therapist is most likely to be a/an ____________. A) relationship therapist B) biomedical therapist C) action therapist D) insight therapist

C. Action therapist

Which neo-Freudian viewed personality disturbances as resulting from the feelings of inferiority all people share? A) Carl Rogers B) Karen Horney C) Alfred Adler D) Carl Jung

C. Alfred Adler

In a(n) __________conflict, a person must choose between two desirable goals. A) avoidance-avoidance B) double approach-avoidance C) approach-approach D) approach-avoidance

C. Approach-approach

Ken wants to go to law school because he believes being a lawyer will bring him prestige and a good income. However, he is not sure he should attend because he is very concerned about the hard work law school will involve and the money it will cost. Ken is faced with a(n) ______ conflict. A) approach-approach B) avoidance-avoidance C) approach-avoidance D) double approach-avoidance

C. Approach-avoidance

According to Carl Rogers, the __________is how people think they should be. A) id B) ego C) ideal self D) real self

C. Ideal self

Which of the following is a myth about suicide? A) People who intend to commit suicide usually talk about it. B) People who intend to commit suicide may seem to be in good spirits because they have made the decision to take their life and are looking forward to the escape. C) People who talk about committing suicide won't actually do it—they just want attention. D) People who intend to commit suicide may clear out desks and lockers and settle their finances.

C. People who talk about committing suicide won't actually do it- they just want attention

Which of the following was NOT a neo-Freudian? A) Horney B) Adler C) Rogers D) Jung

C. Rogers

Jordan is very frustrated because another patron at the bar is talking to the woman with whom Jordan was just dancing. According to Berkowitz's reformulation of the frustration-aggression hypothesis, which of the following factors makes Jordan unlikely to lash out in a physically aggressive manner? A) Jordan already has a criminal charge for assault. B) The woman makes it clear that she is not interested in Jordan C) The other man is much larger and stronger than Jordan. D) Jordan is alone and has no friends to back him up.

C. The other man is much larger and stronger than Jordan

What is an advantage of using operant conditioning in treating undesirable behaviors? A) Clients can get an understanding of the underlying cause of the problem. B) Unconscious urges are revealed. C) The results are usually quickly obtained. D) Clients can change distorted thought patterns that affect behavior.

C. The results are usually quickly obtained

Gardner and his associates are known for proposing ______. A) the theory of emotional intelligence B) the Triarchic theory of intelligence C) the theory of multiple intelligences D) the generalized theory of intelligence

C. The theory of multiple intelligences

What is a major goal of the Gestalt therapist? A) to eliminate the client's undesirable behaviors B) to facilitate transference C) to help clients become more aware of their own feelings D) to provide unconditional positive regard

C. To help clients become more aware of their own feelings

Which of the following is a therapy based on the principles of operant conditioning? A) flooding B) aversion therapy C) token economy D) systematic desensitization

C. Token economy

Judy's therapist listens to her without interruption and judgment. She provides Judy with warmth and respect, without any conditions attached. Her therapist is demonstrating______________. A) genuineness B) nondirective countertransference C) unconditional positive regard D) reflection

C. Unconditional positive regard

Which individual has the highest risk for developing anorexia nervosa? A) a lower-class 26-year-old European man B) an upper-class 16-year-old American boy C) an upper-class 16-year-old American girl D) a lower-class 26-year-old European woman

C. an upper-class 16-year-old American girl

to obtain gratification without negative consequences

An individual operating on the reality principle seeks

psychiatric labeling

Can have negative consequences, may affect self-concept

personal unconscious

Carl Jung's term for the part of our personality that Freud referred to as the unconscious was the

"Well, Noreen, there really is no 'subconscious' in Freud's theory!"

Charise and Noreen were having a conversation about men. "You know," Noreen said, "I think my husband tries to annoy me! Even though he tries to do what I ask, I think that subconsciously he really enjoys ticking me off to see the reactions he'll get. Freud must have been right!" Charise, who has just studied personality psychology in school, corrects Noreen by saying which of the following?

introverts; extraverts

An investigation of students' housing preferences would probably show that single rooms are preferred by _______ whereas suites are preferred by _______

Fixation at this psychosexual stage of development would, according to Freud, lead to either a very neat person or one who is messy and disorderly.

Anal

Which neo-Freudian theorist believed social relationships were the key to understanding personality? Select one: a. Carl Jung b. Alfred Adler c. Carl Rogers d. Erik Erikson

Erik Erikson

Della believes she earned an "A" in chemistry because the test was easy and she made a lot of lucky guesses. It is likely that Della has a(n) _____ locus of control.

External

Cattell and Eysenck both used the statistical technique called _____ to determine a cluster of personality traits they believe are universally shared.

Factor analysis

The Minnesota Twin Studies have determined, as a result of years of research, that personality is entirely genetic and is not influenced by our surroundings or environment. (True or False)

False

social

Fear of public speaking and stage fright are both examples of ________ phobias

Adler believed the primary motivation in life is to overcome _____.

Feelings of inferiority

Jung believed that the anima and animus represent _____.

Feminine and masculine components of personality

The trait theory that explains personality in terms of openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism is called the _____.

Five-Factor model

conscious

For Freud, the ideas, thoughts, and feelings of which we are currently aware are in the ______ mind

three

For Freud, the mind is divided into ___ levels

habits

For the behaviorist, personality is a set of learned responses or

A fear of heights restricts Alice's enrollment to classes that meet on the first floor.

For which of these problems would systematic desensitization most likely be used?

Oedipus complex

Four-year-old Larry squeezes between his Mommy and Daddy as they sit together on the couch. He cuddles with Mommy and pushes Daddy away. This illustrates which Freudian concept?

it"

Freud named the most primitive part of the personality the id, which is a Latin word that means

over the self

From what Latin phrase is the term superego derived

_____ appear(s) to have the largest influence (40% to 50%) on personality.

Genetics

53) Which psychologist is credited with proposing the general adaptation syndrome?

Hans Selye

during a ski holiday, hans collided with a large ponderosa pine tree. he now suffers from amnesia, and cannot store or remember new information since his meeting with the tall evergreen. the accident has likely disrupted function in

Hans' hippocampus

While talking with his best friend Johnny, Maurice, who is clearly down and out

Hey, pal, you are really overgeneralizing

Rotter believed that personality or behavior is determined by your _____.

Cognitive expectancies

reliability

Consistency of measurement is indicative of the __________ of a test.

Which two researchers are associated with the Five Factor model, also known as the Big Five? Select one: a. Costa and McCrae b. Cattell and Allport c. Jung and Horney d. Erikson and Rogers

Costa and McCrae

What do ADHD and autism have in common? A) The two disorders have nothing in common. B) ADHD and autism are both anxiety disorders. C) The symptoms of both disorders appear in adulthood. D) Both disorders are diagnosed more frequently than they were in the past.

D) Both disorders are diagnosed more frequently than they were in the past.

Which of the following statements is true about the DSM-IV-TR? A) It is used to diagnose medical conditions that may have an impact on mental health. B) It lists information regarding symptoms but does not include a checklist of criteria that must be met for diagnosis. C) It is used to diagnose all kinds of medical conditions. D) It describes symptoms and includes a checklist of specific criteria for diagnosis.

D) It describes symptoms and includes a checklist of specific criteria for diagnosis.

What is the main difference between generalized anxiety disorder and phobic disorder? A) Generalized anxiety disorder is more common in adults while phobic disorder is more common in children. B) Generalized anxiety disorder is more common in women and phobic disorder is more common in men. C) Generalized anxiety disorder is linked to a specific trigger while phobic disorder is not linked to a specific trigger. D) Phobic disorder is linked to specific triggers while generalized anxiety disorder is not linked to a specific trigger.

D) Phobic disorder is linked to specific triggers while generalized anxiety disorder is not linked to a specific trigger.

Which of the following is the biological explanation for mood disorders? A) They are a result of distortions in thinking. B) They are a result of anger turned inward on oneself. C) They are a result of learned helplessness. D) They are a result of an imbalance of brain chemicals.

D) They are a result of an imbalance of brain chemicals.

The psychodynamic model views anxiety as __________. A) linked to an imbalance in several neurotransmitters in the nervous system B) a learned reaction C) the result of illogical, irrational, thought processes D) a danger signal that repressed conflicts are threatening to surface

D) a danger signal that repressed conflicts are threatening to surface

When a psychologist or psychiatrist is using the DSM-IV-TR as a guide to evaluating a client, he or she would assess the client on each of five __________. A) stages B) steps C) phases D) axes

D) axes

With respect to the DSM-IV-TR, Axis I is to Axis _____ as clinical disorders are to __________. A) II; personality disorders B) II; physical conditions C) III; physical conditions D) both A and C

D) both A and C

Disorders such as koro, susto, and amok are considered __________. A) sociocultural disorders B) restricted syndromes C) naturalistic syndromes D) culture-bound syndromes

D) culture-bound syndromes

Suzanne attempts to fabricate the symptoms of schizophrenia so that she may receive a disability payment each month. Josie inflicts cuts and bruises on herself to elicit sympathy and attention from others. Suzanne exemplifies _________. Josie illustrates ________. A) Munchausen syndrome; factitious disorder B) factitious disorder; Munchausen syndrome C) factitious disorder; malingering D) malingering; factitious disorder

D) malingering; factitious disorder

Which of the following is a negative symptom of schizophrenia? A) delusions B) hallucinations C) inappropriate emotion D) poor hygiene

D) poor hygiene

A therapist challenges what she sees as her client's irrational and self-defeating beliefs. She uses persuasion, confrontation, arguments, and even homework assignments to challenge those beliefs. She is probably a ______ therapist. A) person-centered B) biomedical C) psychoanalytic D) rational-emotive

D) rational-emotive

George is suffering from an obsessive-compulsive disorder. If he tries to stop his compulsive behaviors, he is likely to experience ______. A) hypochondriasis B) amnesia C) severe depression D) severe anxiety

D) severe anxiety

Women are _______ as likely to experience major depression as are men. A) half B) just C) one-and-a-half D) twice

D) twice

From what Latin phrase is the term superego derived? A) "without morals" B) "beyond me" C) "above the rules" D) "over the self"

D. "Over the self"

All parents think their little kids are geniuses. However, to be classified as a genius, the IQ score must be above __________. A) 120 B) 130 C) 150 D) 140

D. 140

Sasha is experiencing stress in her workplace that is causing her to feel dissatisfied and pessimistic. As a result, she has a desire to quit her job. Sasha is experiencing________. A) poverty-related stress B) road rage C) eustress D) burnout

D. Burnout

____________ therapies have had considerable success in treating many types of disorders, including depression, stress disorders, anxiety disorders, and even some of the behavioral symptoms of schizophrenia. A) Humanistic B) Biomedical C) Psychoanalytic D) Cognitive and cognitive-behavioral

D. Cognitive and cognitive-behavioral

Researchers have found an association between daily hassles and ___________. A) cancer and heart disease B) hypertension and obesity C) heart disease and schizophrenia D) colds and headaches

D. Colds and headaches

The Type A behavior pattern is a significant predictor of ________. A) mental illness B) cancer C) respiratory illnesses D) coronary heart disease

D. Coronary heart disease

Personality assessments conducted by behaviorists rely primarily on ____________. A) detailed analysis of dreams B) interviews C) projective tests D) direct observation

D. Direct observation

Most psychological professionals today take a(n) ______ view of psychotherapy. A) behavioral B) humanistic C) group treatment D) eclectic

D. Eclectic

The coping method that involves changing the way you feel or emotionally react to a stressor is known as _________. A) a defense mechanism B) self-focused coping C) problem-focused coping D) emotion-focused coping

D. Emotion-focused coping

Which of the following is NOT one of the three areas of intelligence described by Sternberg? A) practical B) analytical C) creative D) exponential

D. Exponential

Which psychologist is credited with proposing the general adaptation syndrome? A) Lazarus B) Berkowitz C) Holmes and Rahe D) Hans Selye

D. Hans Selye

Eating a healthy breakfast __________. A) has been shown to increase the risk of obesity B) has been shown to increase the need for a morning nap C) has been shown to decrease the ability to concentrate D) has been shown to decrease the risk of obesity

D. Has been shown to decrease the risk of obesity

Lupe works 50 hours each week. However, she plays tennis twice a week and attends a book group every Tuesday night. By engaging in fun activities each week, Lupe is_________. A) going to experience burnout B) a workaholic C) a type A personality D) helping herself avoid burnout

D. Helping herself avoid burnout

_____________ theory is called the third force in personality theory. A) Behaviorist B) Cognitive C) Psychoanalytic D) Humanistic

D. Humanistic

Which of these is an element of the formal definition of mental retardation? A) slower than normal reflexes B) onset of deficits prior to age 6 C) evidence of brain damage D) IQ below 70

D. IQ below 70

"If it feels good do it" best describes the ______________. A) preconscious B) superego C) ego D) id

D. Id

Using Hofstede's dimensions of cultural personality, how would you describe a culture characterized by loose ties between individuals, shared activities among friends, autonomy, and equality? A) high in uncertainty avoidance B) high in power distance C) masculine D) individualistic

D. Individualistic

Person-centered therapy is a type of ______ therapy. A) behavior B) reality C) cognitive D) insight

D. Insight

According to Freud, the ___________ of the dream refers to the hidden, symbolic meaning of the dream, which, if correctly interpreted, reveals the unconscious conflicts that created the nervous disorder. A) resistance B) manifest content C) free association D) latent content

D. Latent content

Which classification of developmental delay affects most of the population classified in this fashion? A) severe B) moderate C) profound D) mild

D. Mild

What did Carl Rogers view as a cause of most personal problems and unhappiness? A) unresolved unconscious conflicts occurring between the id and superego B) reinforcement of maladaptive behavior patterns C) unrealistic modes of thought employed by many people D) mismatch between an individual's ideal self and real self

D. Mismatch between an individual's ideal self and real self

Estella is afraid of cats. To help her overcome her fear, her mother calmly pets and strokes a cat while Estella is watching. Her mother encourages her to imitate her behavior. Estella's mother is using_________. A) token economy B) extinction C) reinforcement D) modeling

D. Modeling

Hiram has learned to seek attention by engaging in inappropriate behaviors by watching his brother receive attention for hitting and biting and then imitating his behavior. Hiram has learned to seek attention by engaging in inappropriate behaviors by using which of the following techniques? A) reinforcement B) token economy C) extinction D) modeling

D. Modeling

Probably the biggest problem with personality assessments by behaviorists is the _______. A) subject bias B) experimenter bias C) test bias D) observer effect

D. Observer effect

_________ strengthens a response by following it with a pleasurable consequence. A) Negative reinforcement B) Extinction C) Punishment D) Positive reinforcement

D. Positive reinforcement

Which of the following is one of the ways in which religion helps people reduce or cope with stress? A) Most religions promote psychological defense mechanisms. B) Religion isolates people from those who are different. C) Religion includes rituals that get people to dwell on their failings. D) Religion can provide a strong social support system.

D. Religion can provide a strong social support system

After we have decided that a certain event is a stressor, we must decide how we will deal with it and what resources are available for coping with the stressor. This process is called________. A) primary appraisal B) distress-eustress dichotomy C) tertiary appraisal D) secondary appraisal

D. Secondary appraisal

In Carl Rogers's theory, our perception of our abilities, behaviors, and characteristics is known as ________. A) self-esteem B) personality C) self-regard D) self-concept

D. Self-concept

Events that cause a stress reaction are referred to as _____________. A) eustresses B) catastrophies C) hassles D) stressors

D. Stressors

A patient waiting for an appointment with Sigmund Freud looks around the room to see who else is waiting. Who among the following is most likely to have been one of Freud's patients? A) Hal, a coal-mine worker who is severely depressed B) Mario, a soldier who is suffering from a hysterical disorder C) Angela, a maid, who is severely depressed D) Sue, a wealthy woman who is suffering from sexual repression

D. Sue, a wealthy woman who is suffering from sexual repression

Which element in Freud's personality theory is composed of the conscience and the ego ideal? A) preconscious B) ego C) id D) superego

D. Superego

Which method of treating phobias involves progressive relaxation and exposure to the feared object? A) punishment B) token economy C) extinction D) systematic desensitization

D. Systematic desensitization

When Freud referred to the sexual drive of babies and young children, to what was he really referring? A) the fact that children need to be taught about sexual morality from a very early age B) the fact that sexual orientation is established from birth C) all of the above D) the fact that children focus on their bodies to give them physical pleasure

D. The fact that children focus on their bodies to give them physical pleasure

Every time Alice cleans her room properly and makes the bed she receives a marble. When she accumulates 100 marbles, she can get the new video game she wants. What type of behavioral program are Alice's parents using? A) systematic desensitization B) negative reinforcement C) modeling D) token economy

D. Token economy

People who respond to life events with a laid back, relaxed, easygoing attitude, and are slow to anger are said to have a ____________ personality. A) Type C B) Type S C) Type A D) Type B

D. Type B

panic attack

Darcy is sitting at her desk in her office one day when she is, without warning, overcome by feelings of intense fear, losing control of herself. Her terror is so great that all she can do is sit at her desk shaking and crying. Nothing she was doing at the time would seem to have caused such an episode. Her symptoms most resemble

a panic attack

Darcy is sitting at her desk in her office one day when, without warning, her heart begins racing rapidly, she has a sensation of being "out of her body," and she experiences dulled vision and hearing, rapid breathing, and sweating. She thinks she is having a heart attack. Nothing she is doing seems to have caused such an episode. Her symptoms MOST resemble

behavioral

Dave's wife suggests that he talk to a doctor because of his inability to cope with criticism. The doctor suggests that Dave's problem represents the expression of a repressed, unresolved, internal conflict buried in his unconscious mind that has its roots in Dave's childhood. This view is typical of the ________ model of abnormality

Statistically rare, Deviant from social norms, Subjective discomfort, Maladaptive

Definitions of Abnormality, evaluated according to...

PTSD

Destruction of one's home or community is MOST likely to result in which of the following?

Which neurotransmitters are most important in the development of mood disprders?

Dopamine

severe depression

ECT (Electroconvulsive Shock Therapy) is used to treat

which of the following is a machine designed to record the brain wave patterns produced by electrical activity of the surface of the brain?

EEG

The rational part of the psyche that deals with reality and tries to meet the needs of the other two mental structures is called the _____.

Ego

openness

Ellen has been described as creative, imaginative, curious, artistic, and nonconforming. She is likely to obtain an elevated score on a questionnaire designed to measure

In Rogers theory of personality, maladjustment is the result of _____.

Incongruence between self-concept and life experiences

Researchers have found a link between high self-esteem and _______.

Increased aggression

According to Jung, our collective unconscious consists of _____.

Inherited archetypes

Pedro was just diagnosed with testicular cancer. Rather than deal with his feelings about this, he searches the Internet for information, academically discusses the disorder with his family and friends, and endlessly debates the pros and cons of treatment with his doctor. This is an example of the defense mechanism called _____.

Intellectualization

psychoanalysis

Kaleem wants to see a therapist because he feels he has negative thoughts and would like to change his way of thinking. Because he is on a limited budget, he would like to choose a type of therapy that is relatively short term and inexpensive. Which of the following therapies would best meet Kaleem's needs?

a flashback is a brief recurrence of a previously experienced altered state associated with the use of

LSD

bipolar disorder

Last month Pam was giddy, impulsive, and talkative; this month she is sad, silent, and almost motionless. What is the most likely diagnosis in this case?

panic disorder

Leo worries all of the time. He worries about his money, his children, and his dog. His muscles are always tense and sore, he has trouble sleeping, is often irritable, and has difficulty concentrating. Leo's symptoms sound most like

55) Levon has a Type B personality. Which of the following is most likely?

Levon is slow to anger

behavioral

Linda is afraid of cats because when she was a little girl a cat scared her by jumping out of her closet and onto her face. As a result of this experience, Linda learned to be afraid of cats. Which model of abnormality offers the best explanation of Linda's fear?

ego

Many have compared Freud's idea of the mind to an iceberg. If that were the case and you were standing on the deck of a ship in Alaska, what part of the mind would you see above the water?

desensitization

Martha and Stan are newlyweds. They see a therapist because Martha is afraid of sexual intercourse. The therapist asks Martha exactly which acts make her anxious, constructs a hierarchy of those threatening acts, teaches her to relax, and asks her to imagine each threatening scene in the hierarchy and use the relaxation technique to reduce her anxiety as she imagines each scene from the bottom to the top of her hierarchy. The therapist is using

identical; fraternal

Monozygotic twins are ________, while dizygotic twins are ________.

a hallucination.

Nancy smells smoke when there is no fire. This is an example of:

According to Freud, if an individual's needs were _____ during a particular stage of development, that person would remain stuck at that stage.

Overindulged or not met

A disorder resulting from exposure to a major stressor

PTSD

Which of the following is true concerning panic disorder?

Panic attacks can lead to another psychological disorder called agoraphobia

Unconditional positive regard is a Rogerian term for _____.

Positive behavior toward a person without attaching any contingencies

The Rorschach inkblot test and the Thematic Apperception Test are examples of _____ tests.

Projective personality

Your teacher organizes a debate on Freudian theory. You are assigned to be on the anti-Freud side and, therefore, must point out problems in the theory. Which of the following will be at the top of your list? Select one: a. Children do not have sexual motives. b. Psychodynamic concepts are difficult to test. c. Defense mechanisms actually increase anxiety. d. Psychoanalytic therapy is effective for treating psychotics only.

Psychodynamic concepts are difficult to test.

________ theory is called the third force in personality theory. Select one: a. Psychoanalytic b. Behaviorist c. Cognitive d. Humanistic

Humanistic

The _____ is concerned with immediate gratification and the avoidance of discomfort.

Id

id

If it feels good, do it" best describes the

"Say the first thing that comes to your mind; don't censor anything because I want to know what is truly on your mind."

Imagine if Sigmund Freud were to go to Carl Rogers for therapy. Freud's major complaint is depression due to distress over the lack of positive response to his theories. What is Rogers most likely to say during their session?

ego and superego; id

In Freud's personality theory, the ________ are in conflict and the ________ must mediate between them.

guilt

In Freud's theory, the id is to fun as the superego is to

id

In Sigmund Freud's theory, the _______ operates according to the pleasure principle.

trepanning

In ancient times holes were cut in an ill person's head to let out evil spirits in a process called

latent content

In interpreting a dream, a psychoanalyst would attempt to discover the dream's

behavioral

Rational Emotive Therapy classifies as a/an __________ approach.

Horney believed that the strongest influence on an individual's personality was that person's _____.

Relationship with his or her parents

The first and most basic defense mechanism, which blocks unacceptable impulses from coming into awareness, is called _____.

Repression

the heritability of traits

Research on ________ supports the hypothesis that personality differences are due in part to genetic differences.

Which of the following statements is CORRECT concerning the concept of gender and dreams?

Research reports that men and women differ in the things they dream about.

panic disorder with agoraphobia

Rey always has panic attacks when he is in crowds. Lately, they occur so frequently and unexpectedly that he avoids any place or situation where he expects to be among large groups of people. Rey is most likely to be diagnosed with

Unconditional positive regard is MOST important to the theory of ________.

Rogers

Who of the following was NOT a neo-Freudian? Select one: a. Horney b. Rogers c. Jung d. Adler

Rogers

Two theorists associated with the humanistic perspective of personality development are _____.

Rogers and Maslow

Which of the following is a projective test? Select one: a. MMPI-2 b. 16PF c. NEO-PI-R d. Rorschach

Rorschach

Which personality test relies on the interpretation of inkblots to understand personality? Select one: a. MMPI b. 16PF c. TAT d. Rorschach

Rorschach

alisa is directed by her neurologist to have a test that will measure the magnetic fields created by electricity of the neurons in her brain. which of the following tests will alisa be most likely to have?

SQUID

The innate tendency toward growth that motivates all human behavior and results in the full realization of a person's highest potential is called _____.

Self-actualization

According to Bandura, _____involves a person's belief about whether he or she can successfully engage in behaviors related to personal goals.

Self-efficacy

is defined as a person's overall evaluation of his or her self-worth.

Self-esteem

According to Freud, each stage of development is characterized by a conflict between the id and the _____. If unresolved, Freud believed a person would become _____.

Social demands; fixated

anal

Steve is extremely uptight and compulsively neat and orderly. According to Freudian theory, he became fixated at the ________ stage of psychosexual development.

On the Thematic Apperception Test, people are asked to look at an ambiguous scene and ______.

Tell a story about what has, is, and will happen in the scene

anal

Toilet training takes place during which of Freud's psychosexual stages?

disorganized

Tom's speech makes no sense. He acts childlike and giggles for no apparent reason. Tom would likely be diagnosed as which type of schizophrenia?

1) A person contemplating surgery to alter his or her bodily appearance to that of the opposite sex is thinking about becoming a(n) ________.

Transsexual

According to your text, Freud's contribution to psychology was _____.

The concept of the unconscious and its influence on behavior; the notion that people experience conflict between three personality structures; and the source and consequences of the defense mechanisms

short-term memory

The conscious mind can be compared to

reality principle

The ego operates according to the

dissociative

The famous story of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is an example of which disorder?

id; ego, superego

The job of the ________ is to find practical ways for the ________ to get its pleasure needs met without offending the morality of the ________.

ego; id; superego

The job of the _________ is to find practical ways for the _________ to get its pleasure needs met without offending the morality of the ________.

archetypes

The neo-Freudian, Carl Jung, suggested the existence of a collective unconscious that contains images shared by all people called

id

The pleasure principle is associated with which element of Freud's personality theory?

Dr. Garcia is treating a patient who has a fear of knives.

The psychodynamic model

compensatory proces

The push toward fulfillment of our inborn capacities and potentialities is what Rogers calls the

during the preschool years

The superego develops

professional sports

The textbook suggests that Freudian theory, though controversial, has had an impact on many things seen in today's society. Which of the following is NOT cited by the book as having been influenced by Freud?

groupthink

kind of thinking that occurs when people place more importance on maintaining group cohesiveness than on assessing the facts of the problem with which the group is concerned

A newspaper advertisement describes a book that offers interpretations of dreams. In attempting to tell readers the meaning of the symbols of their dreams, the author intends to describe the ________.

latent content

in a classic experiment, tolman exposed a group of rats to a maze for 11 days before he introduced a food reward. the rats outperformed rats that had been given daily food rewards. this demonstrates

latent learning

people who are exposed repeatedly to unpleasant events over which they have no control may become passively resigned to those outcomes. this is called

learned helplessness

escape

leaving the presence of a stressor, either literally or by a psychological withdrawal into fantasy, drug abuse, or apathy

if darren's brain is like that of most people, then language will be handled by his

left hemisphere

interpersonal attraction

liking or having the desire for a relationship with another person

51) According to studies, people who are involved in a religion and attend services regularly are more likely to ________.

live onger than do those who do not have religious belies

which memory system has an unlimited capacity and can keep information for hours or decades?

long-term memory

this is an increase in the efficiency of neural transmission at the synapses that lasts for hours or longer

long-term potentiation

one group of participants is followed an assessed as the group ages

longitudinal design

dissociative amnesia

loss of memory for personal information, either partial or complete

Severe depression that comes on suddenly and seems to have no external cause is called

major depression

What of the following is the most commonly diagnosed psychological disorder in the United States? Answer generalized anxiety disorder major depressive disorder substance-abuse disorder schizophrenia

major depressive disorder

borderline personality disorder

maladaptive personality pattern in which the person is moody, unstable, lacks a clear sense of identity, and often clings to others

Borderline personality disorder

maladaptive personality pattern in which the person is moody, unstable, lacks a clear sense of identity, and often clings to others.

112) Which gender is more likely to talk to other members of that gender about current events?

male...

Padma is extremely confident and feels that lately she needs very little sleep.

manic episode

59) Which of the following is a mental series of exercises meant to refocus attention and achieve a trance-like state of consciousness?

mediation

the structures of the limbic system play an important role in

memory and emotion

meditation

mental series of exercises meant to refocus attention and achieve a trancelike state of consciousness

Heroin addiction has been treated with ________.

methadone

which of the following tests include scales for hypochondriasis, psychasthenia, and hypomania?

minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI-2)

62) The term hassles refers to ________.

minor annoyances of everyday life

biological model

model of explaining behavior as caused by biological changes in the chemical, structural, or genetic systems of the body

elaboration likelihood model

model of persuasion stating that people will either elaborate on the persuasive message or fail to elaborate on it and that the future actions of those who do elaborate are more predictable than those who do not

Estella is afraid of cats. To help her overcome her fear, her mother calmly pets and strokes a cat while Estella is watching. Her mother encourages her to imitate her behavior. Estella's mother is using ________. Answer reinforcement token economy modeling extinction

modeling

in piaget's theory, accommodation is used to

modify existing schemes and establish new mental frameworks

14) The work of Simon LeVay on the brain structures of homosexual humans led to similar findings with ________.

monkeys

major depression and bipolar disorder are both examples of

mood disorders

31) Research shows that the ________ married couples are, the less interest and pleasure they take in sexual activity, and the more they experience guilt, shame, and sexual inhibitions.

more convervative and traditional

49) According to fMRI images taken when both men and women were shown erotic images, researchers found that the amygdala and hypothalamus areas of the limbic system were ________.

more strongly actie in men than women

113) Which is NOT one of the usual criticisms of Kinsey's methodologies?

most of the volunteers were homosexual...

caused by abnormality in the part of the brain that regulates sleep, and it appears to have a genetic component

narcolepsy

_____ refers to heredity; _____ refers to environmental influences

nature; nurture

if a student studies very hard in order to avoid getting bad grades, this is an example of which behavioral principle?

negative reinforcement

pediatricians test the reflexes of young infants primarily as a way to measure

nervous system development

H.M., the individual who had his hippocampal region removed as a means of reducing his epileptic seizures, lost his ability to encode new memories; however he could still form new

nondeclarative memories

In which of the following societies is panic disorder seen with the greatest frequency?

none of the above

in an effort to have neutral stimuli to use in his experiments, ebbinghaus introduced the

nonsense syllable

13) In the middle to late 1900s, medical professionals typically recommended that intersexed children ________.

not be operated on until after puberty and the child be consulted about what outcome he or she wanted

when people have _____ their anxiety increases and they often experience _____ in order to try to relieve the anxiety

obsessions; compulsive behaviors

resistance

occurring when a patient becomes reluctant to talk about a certain topic, either changing the subject or becoming silent

diffusion of responsibility

occurring when a person fails to take responsibility for actions or for inaction because of the presence of other people who are seen to share the responsibility

billy, a 5 year old, talks often about marrying his mother when he gets older. at times, he seems to resent his father. freud might suggest that this is representative of billy's

oedipus complex

18) Which female sex organ or process is present at birth?

vagina

20) Which of the following is a female primary sex characteristic?

vagina

the owner of a business shows up randomly three or four times a month and inquires about the employee's health, their families, and how they are getting along at work. he also passes out a few extra dollars. the owner is reinforcing his employees on a

variable-interval schedule

23) Which cause of a sexually transmitted disease is hardest to treat?

viral

37) Obtaining sexual arousal and gratification through watching other people engage in sexual behavior or undress is known as ________.

voyeruism

130) The practice of behaviors and lifestyle choices that promote both physical and mental health is called ________.

wellness...

46) Research on differences in male and female brain activity has found that ________,

when doing language tasks, women's brains tend to be more active in the right hemisphere than men

127) Kirima has her doctorate in health psychology. Which of the following research questions might she be most likely to investigate?

why are college students ore prone to doing drugs when they take harder classes...

phlegm

winter - (calm, unemotional )

Which of the following is an example of subjective discomfort?

worrying about everything most of the time

displaced aggression

taking out one's frustration on some less threatening or more available target, a form of displacement

gary takes antipsychotic drugs to control the symptoms of schizophrenia. after taking the drug for some time, he begins exhibiting repetitive, involuntary jerks and movements to his face, lips, and legs. gary is showing signs of

tardive dyskinesia

flooding

technique for treating phobias and other stress disorders in which the person is rapidly and intensely exposed to the fear-provoking situation or object and prevented from making the usual avoidance or escape response

fundamental attribution error

tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition; a stimulated quiz show gave questioners an advantage over contestants, observers and contestants still judged questioners as more knowledgeable

empathy

the ability of the therapist to understand the feelings of the client

Psychotic

the break away from an ability to perceive what is real and what is fantasy. Little or no emotion - flat affect.

Comorbidity

the co-occurrence of two or more disorders in a single individual - depression and social phobia.

social comparison

the comparison of oneself to others in ways that raise one's self esteem.

Medical model

the conceptualization of psychological abnormalities as diseases that, like biological diseases, have symptoms, causes, and possible cures. diagnosis, symptoms, syndrome

One of the main semantic problems with using sleepwalking as a defense for murder is ________.

the correct term for this type of behavior is REM behavior disorder

eustress

the effect of positive events, or the optimal amount of stress that people need to promote health and well-being

distress

the effect of unpleasant and undesirable stressors

stereotype vulnerability

the effect that people's awareness of the stereotypes associated with their social group has on their behavior

primary appraisal

the first step in assessing stress, which involves estimating the severity of a stressor and classifying it as either a threat or a challenge

secondary appraisal

the first step in assessing stress, which involves estimating the severity of a stressor and classifying it as either a threat or a challenge

impression formation

the forming of the first knowledge that a person has concerning another person

authenticity

the genuine, open, and honest response of the therapist to the client

100) Research on ________ supports the hypothesis that personality differences are due in part to genetic differences.

the heritability of traits

Ellen has been described as creative, imaginative, curious, artistic, and nonconforming. She is likely to obtain an elevated score on a questionnaire designed to measure ________. Select one: a. extraversion b. agreeableness c. conscientiousness d. openness

openness

what are the big five personality traits?

openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism

89) What are the Big Five personality traits?

openness,conscientiousness,extraversion,agreeableness, and neuroticism

77) When looking at a glass that is neither completely full nor completely empty, a(n) ________ might say "that glass is half full," while a(n) ________ might say " no, that glass is half empty!"

optimist;pessimist

The age at which a baby was weaned would have most impact on the ________ stage.

oral

According to Freud, personality develops through a series of psychosexual stages. During infancy, the psychosexual stage is called the ________.

oral stage

According to Freud, personality develops through a series of psychosexual stages. During infancy, the psychosexual stage is called the ________. Select one: a. latency stage b. oral stage c. anal stage d. phallic stage

oral stage

the first stage of freud's psychosexual stages of personality development is the

oral stage

34) Sexual problems that result from physical causes are referred to as ________.

organic dysfunctions

according to albert ellis, we become unhappy and depressed about certain events because of

our irrational beliefs

Your friend has applied to several medical schools. After receiving one rejection letter, she concludes that she will not be admitted to any school and feels depressed. Your friend is engaging in ________. Answer arbitrary inference overgeneralization minimization selective thinking

overgeneralization

80) The ________ nervous system returns the body to normal, day-to-day functioning after a stressful period.

parasympathetic

Social-cognitive theory of hypnosis suggests that ________.

people merely are playing a role

delusions of _____ are false beliefs held by a person who is convinced that others are trying to hurt them in some way

persecution

Type A personality

person who is ambitious, time conscious, extremely hardworking, and tends to have high levels of hostility and anger as well as being easily annoyed, subject to heart attacks

Type B personality

person who is relaxed and laid-back, less driven and competitive that Type A, and slow to anger

axis II of the DSM-IV-TR consists of

personal disorders and mental retardation

According to Jung, each person's own repressed thoughts, undeveloped ideas, and forgotten experiences are contained in the ________. Select one: a. persona b. personal unconscious c. archetype d. collective unconscious

personal unconscious

The unique and relatively stable ways in which each individual thinks, acts, and feels is called ________. Select one: a. personality b. nurture c. a trait d. nature

personality

biopsychosocial model

perspective in which abnormal behavior is seen as the result of the combines and interacting forces of biological, psychological, social, and cultural influences

proximity

physical or geographical closeness

149) Steve's penis is becoming even more erect and has secreted a few drops of fluid after beginning to have sex. He is likely to be in the ________ stage of the sexual response cycle according to Masters and Johnson.

plateau...

38) MRI technology has demonstrated that men listen with ________.

the left hemisphere of the brain

The perceived source of control over one's life is:

the locus of control

mrs. matthews, a second-grade teacher, has noted that when students increase their compliance with her requests, their sharing behavior also increases. this is called a

positive correlation

positive vs. negative symptoms

positive symptoms of schizophrenia that are excesses of behavior or occur in addition to normal behavior; hallucinations, delusions, and distorted thinking; negaitve are symptoms of schizophrenia that are less than normal behavior or an absence of normal behavior; poor attention, flat affect, and poor speech production

libby's physician refers her to a medical center in order to have the biochemical activity in her brain analyzed. she is given an injection of radioactive substance and the is told to lie down with her head on a scanner. the technique being used is

positron-emission tomography

The perceived source of control over one's life is: Select one: a. the locus of control. b. mode of operation. c. the motivation to change. d. self-esteem.

the locus of control.

your little brother has a big ball of clay. while he watches, you roll the ball of clay into a long snake-like shape. he begins to cry because he thinks he has less clay now. which of piaget's stages is your brother likely to be in?

preoperational

88) Frank and Gina are looking at an abstract painting in a museum. Gina describes objects and people she thinks she sees in the painting. Frank says, "It's a bunch of paint thrown on a canvas." Gina responds, "No, there is so much here that you just don't see." During lunch they agree that their experience reminds them of what concept they learned in introductory psychology?

projective testing

Frank and Gina are looking at an abstract painting in a museum. Gina describes objects and people she thinks she sees in the painting. Frank says, "It's a bunch of paint thrown on a canvas." Gina responds, "No, there is so much here that you just don't see." During lunch they agree that their experience reminds them of what concept they learned in introductory psychology? Select one: a. social cognition b. trait theory c. projective testing d. the Big Five

projective testing

altruism

prosocial behavior that is done with no expectation of reward and may involve the risk of harm to oneself

dr. shedrika uses a form of therapy that emphasizes revealing his clients' unconscious conflicts, urges, and desires, which he believes are the cause of his clients' disordered emotions and behavior. this therapist is most likely using

psychoanalysis

regression

psychological defense mechanism in which a person falls back on childlike patterns of responding in reaction to stressful situations

Rationalization

psychological defense mechanism in which a person invents acceptable excuses for unacceptable behavior

cognitive psychologists

psychologists who study the way people think, remember, and mentally organize information

The tendency of those studying psychopathology to start seeing themselves as suffering from the illnesses being discussed is known as

psychology students syndrome

prefrontal lobotomy

psychosurgery in which the connections of the prefrontal lobes of the brain to the rear portions are severed

bilateral cingulotomy

psychosurgical technique in which an electrode wire is inserted into the cingulated gyrus area of the brain with the guidance of a magnetic resonance imaging machine for the purpose of destroying that area of brain tissue with an electric current

109) ________ consists of the physiological changes in the sex organs and reproductive system that occur during adolescence, lasting about four years.

puberty...

an expert in parenting is addressing parents at the local grade school. when the topic of punishment is discussed, what is one outcome of punishment the expert is likely to not for the parents to consider?

punishment can also lead to the child acting aggressively

which of the following is not a source of confounding variables?

random assignment

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

recurrent depressive episodes in a seasonal pattern. a mood disorder caused by the body's reaction to low levels of sunlight in the winter months.

bystander effect

referring to the effect that the presence of other people

social cognitive

referring to the use of cognitive processes in relation to understanding the social world

unconditional positive regard

referring to the warmth, respect, and accepting atmosphere created by the therapist for the client in person-centered therapy

36) Melvin has finished having sex approximately 30 minutes ago and his partner is interested in having sex again. However, Melvin is not able to achieve an erection. Melvin is in the ________.

refractory period

44) Rashid has just had an orgasm. However, his partner is still excited and wants Rashid to continue his sexual activity. Unfortunately, Rashid has lost his erection. Rashid is probably now in the ________.

refractory period

anything that strengthens or increases the probability of the response that it follows

reinforcer

maintenance rehearsal is defined as

repeating some bit of information over and over in one's head in order to maintain it in short-term memory

jeremy has some doubt about another researcher's claim of discovering ESP in all humans. jeremy decides that he will try to conduct the same study himself. jeremy will be doing a

replication

Sigmund Freud's theory came at a time in history when the predominant attitude toward sex was ________.

repressed

according to freud, the most frequently used defense mechanism is

repression

128) Soldiers who break down in the battlefield often cope with their situation by blocking out all memories of their behavior and their situation. This phenomenon is an example of ________.

repression...

Joe has been undergoing psychoanalysis for several months. Over the past few weeks, he has become unwilling to talk about his relationship with his father and becomes uncomfortable when thoughts of him enter his mind during therapy. What process would the therapist say is occurring? Answer insight reactance resistance transference

resistance

3) In which phase does the refractory period occur for men?

resolution

30) Ben has finished having sex and has lost his erection and his scrotal sack has begun to thin again. He is likely to be in the ________ stage of the sexual response cycle according to Masters and Johnson.

resolution

holds that being awake wears and tears on the body and brain, and sleep serves the function of restoring body and mind

restorative theory

social cognition

the mental processes that people use to make sense of the social world around

if your mastery of the material in chapter 6 of the text interferes with what you learned in chapter 5, this would be considered

retroactive interference

malcolm, age 35, is severely depressed. because of this he is given electroconvulsive shock therapy. after treatment, he is sent home and does much better. however, his TV-watching behavior is strange. malcolm thinks that last year's episodes of his favorite TV series are new. malcolm is showing signs of

retrograde amnesia

a person who is suffering from disordered thinking, bizarre behavior, and hallucinations and who is unable to distinguish between fantasy and reality is likely suffering from

schizophrenia

the second generation of antidepressants were designed to block the reuptake of serotonin. these drugs are called

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

the three parts of the information-processing theory of memory are

sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory

andy has decided to seek medical help for mood disturbances and appetite problems. which neurotransmitter is most likely involved in the problems andy is experiencing?

serotonin

implicit personality theory

sets of assumptions about how different types of people, personality traits, and actions are related to each other

George is suffering from OCD.

severe anxiety

major (unipolar) depression

severe depression that comes on suddenly and seems to have no external cause

bipolar depression

severe mood swings between major depression episodes and manic episodes

Bipolar disorder

severe mood swings between major depressive episodes and manic episodes.

Sigmund Freud proposed that his patients' disorders resulted most often from psychological conflicts related to ________.

sex

5) Robert has been charged with exposing himself while picking up food at a local drive-through restaurant several times. Due to going against cultural and socially accepted norms, his behavior is consistent ________.

sexual deviance

a 17-year longitudinal study of Costa Rican men suggests that long-term marijuana use has a negative impact on

short term memory

the humanistic perspective suggests that psychological disorders develop when

the natural tendency towards self-actualization is blocked

cultural relativity

the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place

Cultural relativity

the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.

social support system

the network of family, friends, neighbors, coworkers, and otgers who can offer support, comfort or aid to a person in need

social identity

the part of the self-concept including one's view of self as a member of a particular social category

social role

the pattern of behavior that is expected of a person who is in a particular position

16) Which term has the most negative connotation in our culture?

sissy

104) Someone who was interested in measuring a person's source traits, as described by Raymond Cattell, would use the ________.

sixteen personality factors questionnaire (16PF)

consists of periods of sleep when breathing stops, and the individual must awaken briefly in order to breathe

sleep apnea

REM sleep refers to

sleep periods in which a person's eyes move rapidly

these generally begin with piercing screams

sleep terrors

out-groups

social groups with whom a person does not identify, "them"

in-groups

social groups with whom a person identifies, "us"

45) Rashid and Tawana are watching the classic TV show Leave It to Beaver. After watching the show, they decide to play. Rashid says he will be Ward Cleaver and Tawana should play June Cleaver. This play situation would be best explained by ________.

social learning theory

111) Gender schema theory is based on ________.

social learning theory...

114) When children observe their same-sex parents behaving in certain ways and imitate that behavior, a psychologist uses which theory to explain the situation?

social learning theory...

Fear of pubic speaking and stage fright are both examples of

social phobias

121) An assessment that measures the amount of stress in a person's life resulting from major life events over one year is called the ________.

social readjustment rating scale...

72) Research has consistently shown that having a good ________ is of critical importance in a person's ability to cope with stressors.

social support system

which of the following is a negative symptom of schizophrenia?

social withdrawal

prosocial behavior

socially desirable behavior that benefits others

In the last six months Shelly has visited her physician ten times to complain of numerous physical symptoms. The physician has been unable to find a physical cause for her symptoms. What category of psychological disorders is the physician likely to suspect Shelly exhibits? Answer anxiety somatoform dissociative psychophysiological

somatoform

somatization disorder

somatoform disorder in which the person dramatically complains of a specific symptom such as nausea, difficulty swallowing, or pain for which there is no real physical care

conversion disorder

somatoform disorder in which the person experiences a specific symptom in the somatic nervous system's functioning, such as paralysis, numbness, or blindness, for which there is no physical cause

hypochondriasis and conversion disorder are both types of

somatoform disorders

Dissociative identity disorder (DID)

the presence within an individual of two or more distinct identities that at different times take control of the individual's behavior. (PET scan activity is different for each personality).

persuasion

the process by which one person tries to change the belief, opinion, position, or course of action of another person through argument,

attribution

the process of explaining one's own behavior

social influence

the process through which the real or implied presence of others can directly or indirectly influence the thoughts, feelings, and behavior of an individual

Dr. Garcia is treating a patient who has a fear of knives. He believes his patient's fear is a kind of displacement, in which the phobic object is a symbol of whatever his patient has buried deep inside her unconscious mind. Dr. Garcia's view is consistent with that of ________. Answer behaviorists cognitive psychologists the psychodynamic model the biological perspective

the psychodynamic model

73) Which of the following statements correctly describes the rate of PTSD among combat-exposed military personnel since 2001?

the rate of PTSD has tripled since 2001

situational context

the social or environmental setting of a person's behavior

Situational context

the social or environmental setting of a person's behavior.

while taking the minnesota multi phasic personality inventory, vince notices that it contains certain questions that are asked several times in different ways. he asked his daughter, who is a graduate student in psychology, why that is. what is his daughter likely to say?

some items are used to determine if test takers are trying to "fake" the test by not reading

harmony notices that her cat salivates as soon as her cat hears the sound of harmony opening a can with an electric can opener. in this example, the ____ is the conditioned stimulus

sound of the electric can opener

What did Raymond Cattell call the underlying traits that direct surface traits?

source traits

What did Raymond Cattell call the underlying traits that direct surface traits? Select one: a. source traits b. secondary traits c. background traits d. subordinate traits

source traits

Fears of snakes, thunderstorms, darkness, and water are classified as ________ phobias. Answer specific social primary innate

specific

the reappearance of a learned response after extinction has occurred is called

spontaneous recovery

blood

spring - (courageous, hopeful, amorous)

If the EEG record reveals evidence of sleep spindles, you are likely to conclude that the sleeping person is in which stage of sleep?

stage 2

The stage of sleep in which delta waves begin to appear is ________ sleep.

stage 3

psychoneuroimmunology

the study of the effects of psychological factors such as stress, emotions, thoughts, and behaviors on the immune system

75) Which of the following statements best encapsulates the relationship between stress and physical illness according to psychoneuroimmunologists?

stres compromises the body's immune system leaing a person vulnerabe to illnes

acculturative stress

stress resulting from the need to change and adapt a person's way to the majority culture

142) ________ is the term used to describe the physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses to events that are threatening or challenging.

stress...

122) Events that cause a stress reaction are referred to as ________.

stressors...

Mr. Polanski listens without judgment to his daughter's reasons for being late, then informs her that he disapproves of her behavior, and provides consequences. This is an example of _____.

Unconditional positive regard

A major premise underlying psychoanalytic or psychodynamic theories of personality is that _____.

Unconscious forces have an enormous impact on our behavior, such as feelings, thoughts & actions

Maria is a retired factory worker who lives with anxiety. Due to the fear of having anxiety attacks, she does not leave her house. This makes her feel trapped in her home, which creates distress. Which criterion would be most appropriate in deciding whether Maria's case represents an example of abnormality? Answer statistical rarity subjective discomfort situational context social norm deviance

subjective discomfort

panic attack

sudden onset of intense panic in which multiple physical symptoms of stress occur, often with feelings that one is dying

Panic attack

sudden onset of intense panic in which multiple physical symptoms of stress occur, often with feelings that one is dying.

this midbrain structure plays a central role in the development of Parkinson's disease

the substantia nigra

Dissociative amnesia

the sudden loss of memory for significant personal information.

social loafing

the tendency for people to put less effort into a simple task when working with others on that task

With regard to personality testing, _____ refers to the ability of a test to measure the trait it says it will, rather than some other trait; whereas _____ refers to the extent to which the same person receives the same score on a personality test when it is administered more than once.

Validity; reliability

social facilitation

the tendency for the presence of other people to have a positive impact on the performance of an easy task

all-or-nothing thinking

the tendency to believe that one's performance must be perfect or the result will be a total failure

magnification

the tendency to interpret situations as far more dangerous, harmful, or important than they really are

mismatch between an individual's ideal self and real self

What did Carl Rogers view as a cause of most personal problems and unhappiness?

identification with the same-sex parent

What did Freud perceive as the outcome of successful resolution of the Oedipus complex

reciprocal determinism

What is Albert Bandura's term for the relationship among the three factors that influence personality?

id

What is Freud's term for the primitive, biological side of personality?

psychosurgery

surgery performed on brain tissue to relieve or control severe psychological disorders

oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

What is the correct sequence of Freud's psychosexual stages?

Phobic disorder is linked to specific triggers while generalized anxiety disorder is not linked to a specific trigger.

What is the main difference between generalized anxiety disorder and phobic disorder?

hypochondriasis

When Bob noticed a pain in his thigh, he was convinced it was a sign of bone cancer. Although X-rays revealed no sign of cancer, Bob sought the opinions of a dozen other physicians who agreed with the original opinion. What psychological disorder might Bob's behavior indicate?

validity

When a test actually measures what it is supposed to measure, the test has

147) Which parts of the nervous system are associated with the general adaptation syndrome?

sympathetic and parasympathetic...

the tiny space between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrites of the next neuron is called the

synapse

70) Which part of the nervous system reacts when the human body is subjected to stress?

sypmathetic

this type of therapy requires that you, with the help of a therapist, create a hierarchy of your fears

systematic desensitization

stress

the term used to describe the physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses to events that are appraised as threatening or challenging

attribution theory

the theory of how people make attributions

nondirective

the therapist does not give directions to the client.

GAS (General Adaptation Syndrome)

the three stages of the body's physiological reaction to stress, including alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

psychopharmacology

the use of drugs to control or relieve the symptoms of psychological disorders

behavior modification

the use of learning techniques to modify or change undesirable behavior and increase desirable behavior

phototherapy

the use of lights to treat seasonal affective disorder or other disorder winter months

Phototherapy

the use of lights to treat seasonal affective disorder or other disorders.

character

When one thinks of "value judgment" in relation to personality, one is thinking about

compensation

Which defense mechanism figured prominently in the theory of Alfred Adler?

compensation

Which defense mechanism was a prominent part in both Adler's and Horney's theories

superego

Which element in Freud's personality theory contains the conscience?

Erik Erikson

Which neo-Freudian theorist believed social relationships were the key to understanding personality?

preconscious level

Which of Freud's levels of consciousness consists of thoughts and feelings that can be easily brought into immediate awareness?

humanistic

Which of the following approaches is based on the premise that people naturally strive to reach their potential and lead a fulfilling life?

self-efficacy

Which of the following concepts is NOT found in the humanistic perspective of personality?

real self close to ideal self

Which of the following descriptions is likely to fit the quality of self-actualization?

electric shock

Which of the following is NOT used in biomedical therapy?

phobic disorder

Which of the following is an anxiety disorder?

Jared, who enjoys stealing cars and going for joy rides around his neighborhood.

Which of the following people would be most likely to receive a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder?

Rogers

Which of the following was NOT a neo-Freudian

feelings of inferiority

Which of the following was not a facet of Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism

Rorschach

Which personality test relies on the interpretation of inkblots to understand personality?

neo-Freudians

Which term was given to psychoanalysts who broke away from strict interpretation of Freud's theory and developed theories of their own that were based upon Freud's work?

humanistic perspective

Which theory of personality was a direct reaction against the psychoanalytic and behaviorist perspectives?

Gestalt

Which therapy does NOT assume that many psychological problems are the result of internal thoughts and feelings?

catatonic schizophrenia

While doing volunteer work at a mental hospital, Mary is put on a ward for adults with severe mental disorders. One patient remains in the same position for hours at a time and never talks. The doctors tell Mary this patient suffers from

social identitiy theory

theory in which the formation of a person's identity within a particular social group is explained by social categorization, social identity, and social comparison

her superego, because it is this part of the personality that is the moral conscience

Yongmei is studying for her math test. Her boyfriend Marcus asks if she can go to the movies with him. She would love to go but she knows she has to study for the math test in order to pass the class. What part of Yongmei's personality will say "You must stay home and study because passing the class is necessary for you to graduate"?

self-efficacy

You are about to undergo delicate brain surgery that requires great skill on the part of the surgeon. As the surgical team wheels you into the operating room, you hope the surgeon has a high level of

Steal a hot dog from the vendor on the corner

You are quite hungry but don't have a dime to your name. If you were described as "all id and only id'" what would you do?

Steal a hot dog from the vendor on the corner.

You are quite hungry but don't have a dime to your name. If you were described as "all id and only id'" what would you do?

latency

Young Bart says to his friend "What do you want to play at recess today, war or forts?" His comrade, Yevgeni, replies "Why don't we try something different today and play with the girls?" Completely aghast, Bart yells back "Are you crazy?? Girls have COOTIES!" Which stage of personality development is Bart likely in, according to Freud?

Psychodynamic concepts are difficult to test.

Your teacher organizes a debate on Freudian theory. You are assigned to be on the anti-Freud side and, therefore, must point out problems in the theory. Which of the following will be at the top of your list?

endorphins are responsible for which of the following?

a "runner's high"

Tara and Sarah are identical twins. If tara has bipolar disorder, the sarah has

a 40-70 percent chance

which of the following best describes the firing of a neuron (action potential)?

a change in axonal membrane permeability facilitating an inflow of positive ions

insight therapy

therapies in which the main goal is helping people to gain insight with respect to their behavior, thoughts, and feelings

biomedical therapies

therapies that directly affect the biological functioning of the body and brain

biomedical therapy

therapy for mental disorders in which a person with a problem is treated with biological or medical methods to relieve symptoms

psychotherapy

therapy for mental disorders in which a person with a problem talks with a psychological professional

the mental representation of the layout of a college campus represents

a cognitive map

139) Countries like the Netherlands, Germany, Italy, and England are more likely to have ________.

a collectivist society...

Dissociative disorder

a condition in which normal cognitive processes are severely disjointed and fragmented, creating significant disruptions in memory, awareness, or personality that can vary in length from a matter of minutes to many years. dissociative identity disorder, dissociative fugue, and dissociative amnesia

ASD (Acute Stress Disorder)

a disorder resulting from exposure to a major stressor, with symptoms of anxiety, recurring nightmares, sleep disturbances, problems in concentration, and moments in which people seem to "relive" the event in dreams and flashbacks for as long as one month following the event

al must build 25 radios before he receives -20. what schedule of reinforcement is being used?

a fixed-ratio schedule

family counseling

a form of group therapy in which family members meet together with a counselor or therapist to resolve problems that affect the entire family

contingency contract

a formal, written agreement between the therapist and client (or teacher and student) in which goals for behavioral change, reinforcements, and menalties are clearly stated

self-help groups

a group of composed people whi have similar problems and who meet together without a therapist or counselor for the purpose of discussion, problem solving, and social and emotional support

flat affect

a lack of emotional responsiveness

marked by excessive euphoria, inflated self-esteem, wild optimism, and hyperactivity

a manic episode

Dysthymia

a mild depression that lasts for two years or more and is typically a reaction to some external stressor

Diathesis-stress model

a model suggesting that a person may be predisposed for a mental disorder that remains unexpressed until triggered by stress.

dysthymia

a moderate depression that lasts for two years or more and is typically a reaction to some external stressor

SAD (Seasonal affective disorder)

a mood disorder caused by the body's reaction to lower levels of sunlight in the winter months

Positive psychology

a movement that seeks to understand what makes our lives pleasant, good, and meaningful. *Seligman began this movement. **Classification system known as the Character Strengths and Virtues (CSV) is used.

60) Research by Teresa Amabile shows that time pressure has ________ impact on one's ability to be creative.

a negative

65) Research by Teresa Amabile shows that time pressure has ________ impact on one's ability to be creative.

a negative

psychodynamic therapy

a newer and more general term for therapies based in psychoanalysis with an emphasis on transference, shorter treatment times, and a more direct therapeutic approach

person-centered therapy

a nondirective insight therapy based on the work of Carl Rogers in which the client does all the talking and the therapist listens

darcy is sitting at her desk in her office one day when, without warning, her heart begins racing rapidly, she has a sensation of being "out of her body", and she experiences dulled vision and hearing. she thinks she is having a heart attack. nothing she is doing seems to have caused such an episode. her symptoms most resemble

a panic attack

hardy personality

a person who seems to thrive on stress but lacks the anger and hostility if the Type A personality

cognitive therapy

therapy in which the focus is on helping clients recognize distortions in their thinking and replace distorted, unrealistic beliefs with more elastic, helpful thoughts (action therapy)

When Anna looks at some modern artwork at the museum, she often thinks she sees human figures or faces and likes to make up stories about them. When she tells the stories to her friend, her friend says that the stories reflect Anna's unconscious thoughts. In psychological terms, what Anna does is most similar to ________. Select one: a. classical conditioning b. a projective test c. behavior sampling d. an objective test

a projective test

action therapy

therapy in which the main goal is to change disordered or inappropriate behavior directly

delusional disorder

a psychotic disorder in which the primary symptom is one or more delusions

directive

therapy in which the therapist actively gives interpretations of a client's statements and may suggest certain behavior or actions

that's-not-all technique

a sales technique in which the persuader makes an offer and then adds something extra to make the offer look better before the target person can make a decision

stereotype

a set of characteristic that people believe is shared by all members of a particular social category

Some Asian cultures view mental illness as

a shameful thing that hurts the marriage chances of other family members

An irrational fear of some object or specific situation is called

a specific phobia

eclectic therapies

therapy style that results from combining elements of several different therapy techniques

reflection

therapy technique in which the therapist restates what the client says rather than interpreting those statements

For Freud, the moral guardian of personality is the ______. A) superego B) id C) ego D) libido

a. Superego

9) Which method has the highest level of protection against sexually transmitted diseases?

abstinence

manifest content

according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream

74) The stress resulting from the need to change and adapt to the dominant, or majority, culture is called ________.

acculturative stress

joseph has been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, and as the illness progresses he is slowly losing his memory skills. which neurotransmitter is most likely to be underperforming in joseph's brain?

acetylcholine

behavior therapy

action therapies based on the principle of classical and operant conditioning and aimed at changing disordered behavior without concern for the original causes of such behavior

CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy)

action therapy in which the goal is to help clients overcome problems by learning to think more rationally and logically

coping strategies

actions that people can take to master, tolerate, reduce, or minimize the effects of stressors

One of the dangers of taking online personality tests is ________.

there is no face-to-face contact to help put the results in perspective

According to this theory, sleep is a product of evolution.

adaptive theory

61) All of the following are sources of stress EXCEPT ______.

aggression

150) The first response that people typically make to frustration is ________.

aggression...

Fear of being in a place or situation from which escape is difficult or impossible if something should go wrong is called ________. Answer agoraphobia a social phobia a specific phobia trypanophobia

agoraphobia

Your aunt has a fear that makes it difficult for her to leave home.

agoraphobia

Ted is friendly, loves to tells jokes at parties, and is perceived by others as warm and considerate. On which two of the Big Five traits would you expect Ted to obtain high scores?

agreeableness and extraversion

Ted is friendly, loves to tells jokes at parties, and is perceived by others as warm and considerate. On which two of the Big Five traits would you expect Ted to obtain high scores? Select one: a. agreeableness and extraversion b. extraversion and conscientiousness c. neuroticism and openness to experience d. openness to experience and conscientiousness

agreeableness and extraversion

greta's child has facial deformities, a smaller than normal head, heart defects, mental retardation, learning difficulties, and delayed growth. if these defects can be traced to a teratogen used by greta when she was pregnant, which was she most likely abusing?

alcohol

39) The Janus Report surveyed ________.

all of the choices are correct

35) Shallice has had several sexual partners in the past year. What is the BEST advice you could give her about how she can lower the odds of contracting a sexually transmitted disease in the future?

all of these are good advice

40) What have twin studies told us about sexual orientation?

although supporting a genetic influence on sexual orienation, they do not rule out environmental influences as a contributer

which of the following brain structures is located near the hippocampus and is responsible for fear responses and memory of fear?

amygdala

mandy, who is five, recently spotted a bee buzzing in circles on the sidewalk. she bent over and picked up the insect and it stung her. now whenever mandy hears an insect buzz, even a housefly buzzing against a screen, her heart rate increases. mandy's fear of houseflies is

an example of generalization

What is the best way to describe the positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

an excess or distortion of normal functions

Phobia

an irrational, persistent fear of an object, situation, or social activity.

normally, when food is placed in the mouth of any animal, the salivary glands start releasing saliva to help with chewing and digestion. in terms of pavlov's analysis of learning, salivation would be referred to as

an unconditioned response

catastrophe

an unpredictable, large scale event that creates a tremendous need to adapt and adjust as well as overwhelming feeling of threat

Toilet training takes place during which of Freud's psychosexual stages?

anal

share recently moved into her own apartment. shara's mother is appalled at the sloppy housekeeping of her daughter, but when she says anything to share, her daughter becomes quite hostile. freud would describe shara's behavior as

anal expulsive

What is a major goal of the Gestalt therapist? Answer to facilitate transference to eliminate the client's undesirable behaviors to provide unconditional positive regard to help clients become more aware of their own feelings

to help clients become more aware of their own feelings

what is the function of myelin

to serve as a structure for neurons

John has made a career of stealing older people's retirement money by taking advantage of their trust and selling them phony retirement investments. John explains that he has done nothing wrong—if these people were not so greedy, they would not be so eager to invest in his phony schemes. In his mind, his victims got exactly what they deserved. John's behavior and attitude are typical of someone with ________ personality disorder. Answer schizoid schizotypal passive-aggressive antisocial

antisocial

Free-floating anxiety

anxiety that is unrelated to any realistic, known source

free-floating anxiety

anxiety that is unrelated to any realistic, known source

cult

any group of people with a particular religious or philosophical set of beliefs and identity

psychological disorders

any pattern of behavior that causes people significant distress, causes them to harm others, or harms their ability to function in daily life

maladaptive

anything that does not allow a person to function within or adapt to the stresses and everyday demands of life

126) For someone who likes both movies and concerts, choosing between going to one or the other represents an ________ conflict.

appraoch-approach events...

67) Which of the following is the most stressful of all conflicts, causing many people to go back and forth between one decision and the other, or be unable to decide for or against the event?

approach-avoidance

143) Ken wants to go to law school because he believes being a lawyer will bring him prestige and a good income. However, he is not sure he should attend because he is very concerned about the hard work law school will involve and the money it will cost. Ken is faced with a(n) ________ conflict.

approach-avoidance...

91) Carl Jung's term for recurring themes that have been important to humans in many cultures and settings since prehistoric times, such as the concepts of mother, hero, or villain, is ________ .

archetypes

Morphine, heroin, and methadone ________.

are derived from opium

Psychiatrists

are specifically trained to use biomedical therapies.

Health psychology

area of psychology focusing on how physical activities, psychological traits, and social relationships affect overall health and rate of illness

door-in-the-face technique

asking for a large commitment and being refused and then asking for a smaller commitment

foot-in-the-door technique

asking for a small commitment and, after gaining compliance, asking for a bigger commitment

CUSS (college undergraduate stress scale)

assessment that measures the amount of stress in a college student's life over a one-year period resulting from major life events

SRRS (Social readjustment rating scale)

assessment that measures the amount of stress in a person's life over a one-year period resulting from major life events

norm of reciprocity

assumption that if someone does something for a person should do something for the other in return

You are a psychiatrist who specializes in treating schizophrenia. Joe is experiencing the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, including withdrawal, apathy, and reduced communication. Which of the following medications are you apt to prescribe to treat Joe? Answer atypical neuroleptics benzodiazepines lithium monoamine oxidase inhibitors

atypical neuroleptics

black bile

autumn - (despondent, sleepless),

The DSM has five ______ that are types of information that should be considered in the assessment of a patient.

axes

Seetra is seeing a therapist for the first time.

axis I

aggression

behavior intended to hurt or destroy another person

According to Karen Horney, what causes us to develop a neurotic personality?

being raised without love, affection, and security

Hippocrates

believed that mental illness came from an imbalance in the body's four humors - biological explanation.

What type of drugs are the traditional antianxiety drugs, or minor tranquilizers, such as Valium? Answer tricyclics lithium family chlorpromazines benzodiazepines

benzodiazepines

The ________ model of mental illness explains that disorders such as anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia are caused by chemical imbalances, genetic problems, brain damage or dysfunction, or some combination of those causes. Answer biological psychodynamic naturalistic cognitive-behavioral

biological

alice takes lithium to control symptoms of her mental disorder. alice is most likely suffering from

bipolar disorder

dissociative fugue

traveling far away from familiar surroundings with amnesia for the trip and possible amnesia for personal information

therapy

treatment method aimed at making people feel better and function more effectively

7) MRI technology has demonstrated that women listen with ________ of the brain.

both hemisphere

An eating disorder characterized by eating binges followed by self-induced vomiting is called

bulimia

71) Membership in a religious organization and regular attendance at religious functions ________.

can be a vital part of a person's social support system

Sigmund Freud proposed that little boys' fears that their fathers may retaliate against them for forbidden sexual and aggressive impulses may lead to ________. Select one: a. penis envy b. penis anxiety c. castration phobia. d. castration anxiety

castration anxiety

cindy, a schizophrenia patient, often goes rigid for long periods of time. she likely has

catatonic schizophrenia

situational cause

cause of behavior attributed to external factors, such as delays, the action of others, or some other aspect of the situation

dispositional cause

cause of behavior attributed to internal factors such as personality or character

69) If Drew is practicing a relaxation technique called receptive meditation, he is most likely ________.

trying to expand conscious outward

peripheral-route processing

type of information processing that involves attending to factors not involved in the message, such as the appearance of the source of the message, the length of the message, and other noncontent factors

central-route processing

type of information processing that involves attending to the content of the message itself

romantic love

type of love consisting of intimacy

compassionate love

type of love consisting of intimacy and commitment

disorganized schizophrenia

type of schizophrenia in which behavior is bizarre and childish and thinking, speech, and motor actions are very disordered

Disorganized

type of schizophrenia in which behavior is bizarre and childish and thinking, speech, and motor actions are very disordered.

Catatonic

type of schizophrenia in which the person experiences periods of statue-like immobility mixed with occasional bursts of energetic, frantic movement and talking.

tracey has been unable to participate in her gymnastics class and is very uncoordinated since she was involved in an accident where she suffered a head injury. as a result of the accident, she was likely to have suffered damage to her

cerebellum

compliance

changing one's behavior as a result of other people directing or asking for the change

obedience

changing one's behavior at the command of an authority figure

sublimation

channeling socially unacceptable impulses and urges into socially acceptable behavior

dissociative disorders generally result from

unbearable stress

Which of the following is a key component of Rogers's person-centered therapy? Answer cognition resistance dream interpretation unconditional positive regard

unconditional positive regard

which of the following is a key component to Roger's person-centered therapy?

unconditioned positive regard

a person's responses to a projective test are thought to reflect

unconditioned thoughts or feelings

psychological defense mechanisms

unconscious distortions of a person's perception of reality that reduce stress and anxiety

Darla's father went to prison when she was four years old, following numerous domestic violence incidents with Darla's mother. Although Darla does not remember the violence, she is fearful of men and avoids intimate relationships. Freud would suggest that the problem lies with Darla's ________. Select one: a. preconscious mind b. id c. conscious d. unconscious mind

unconscious mind

albert bandura's experiments involving the inflated "bobo doll" indicate

children will model the aggressive behaviors they see others engage in

Which model of abnormality views abnormal behavior as the result of illogical thinking?

cognitive

Which model of abnormality views abnormal behavior as the result of illogical thinking? Answer psychoanalytic cognitive behavioral biological

cognitive

a therapist with this perspective will assume that maladaptive behavior can result from irrational thoughts, beliefs, and ideas, which that therapist will then try to change.

cognitive

Freud believed that the ________ was the most important determining factor in human behavior and personality. Select one: a. id b. preconscious mind c. manifest awareness d. unconscious mind

unconscious mind

Kaleem wants to see a therapist because he feels he has negative thoughts and would like to change his way of thinking. Because he is on a limited budget, he would like to choose a type of therapy that is relatively short term and inexpensive. Which of the following therapies would best meet Kaleem's needs? Answer psychoanalysis biomedical therapy cognitive-behavioral person-centered

cognitive-behavioral

Rational-emotive therapy is a type of ________ therapy. Answer insight cognitive-behavioral psychoanalytic humanistic

cognitive-behavioral

according to Jung, the memories and behavior patterns inherited from past generations are part of the

collective unconscious

141) Which of the following are the three terms used to describe the way in which hardy people differ from many other Type A people and others who suffer more ill effects due to stress?

commitment, control, challenge...

social norm deviance

comparing people to standards of society

99) Carl Rogers believed people question themselves and experience negative effects on their self-concept when they receive ________.

conditional positive regard

last month walter became sick after eating two chili dogs, so he no longer likes chili dogs. walter has experienced

conditioned taste aversion

approach-approach conflict

conflict occurring when a person must choose between two desirable goals

avoidance-avoidance conflict

conflict occurring when a person must choose between two undesirable goals

approach-avoidance conflict

conflict occurring when a person must choose or not choose a goal that has both positive and negative aspects

Which of the following is NOT one of the layers of consciousness proposed by Sigmund Freud? Select one: a. conscious b. conscience c. preconscious d. unconscious

conscience

equal status contact

contact between groups in which the groups have equal status with neither group having power over the other

for years researchers thought the bond that formed between a child and caregiver was due to the caregiver's physical nourishment of the child. research by harry harlow indicates

contact comfort is the glue that bonds child and caregiver

a researcher has conducted an experiment in which she assigned all of her students four hours of homework the night before a test; in order to see what effect the extra stress has on performance. the study is flawed because the researcher did not include a

control group

133) Albert Bandura is to self-efficacy as Julian Rotter is to ________

control...

EMDR

controversial form of therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder and similar anxiety problems in which the client is directed to move the eyes rapidly back and forth while thinking of a disturbing memory

emotion-focused coping

coping strategies that change the impact of a stressors by changing the emotional reaction to the stressor

problem-focused coping

coping strategies that try to eliminate the source of a stress or reduce its impact through direct actions

excessive levels of the stress hormone _____ has been shown to interfere with memory in patients who suffer from diseases of the adrenal glands

cortisol

a researcher who selects a sample of people of varying ages and studies them at one point in time is, by definition, using the

cross-sectional design method

mary ainsworth observed that securely attached infants

cry if the mother leaves the room, are easily soothed, and welcome her back when she returns

Free floating anxiety refers to anxiety that is

unrelated to any realistic source

68) Which major life event on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale has the highest number of life change units?

death of a spouse

stores facts, information, and personal life events that can be brought to mind verbally or in the form of images and then stated

declarative memory

compensation (substitution)

defense mechanism in which a person makes up for inferiorities in one area by becoming superior in another area

indentification

defense mechanism in which a person tries to become like someone else to deal with anxiety

stage 4 sleep is marked by

delta waves

False beliefs held by a person who refuses to accept evidence of their falseness are known as

delusions

Shreen is diagnosed with schizophrenia. She believes that she is a powerful person who can save the world. Shreen is experiencing ________. delusions of persecution delusions of grandeur delusions of reference delusions of influence

delusions of grandeur

It is not unreasonable to assume that in ancient times signs of mental illness were believed to be caused by

demons

the branchlike structures that receive messages from other neurons are called

dendrites

56) A student who is failing but does not study because she refuses to believe that the instructor will really assign her an "F" at the end of the term is using the psychological defense mechanism of ________.

denial

Mahmoud was just told that his father has cancer. Mahmoud's first response is that there must be a mistake and he demands that the doctor repeat his tests. Which defense mechanism is at work here?

denial

a researcher is investigating the effects of exercise on weight. what are the independent and dependent variables in this experiment?

dependent: weight; independent: exercise

Which one of the goals of psychology would be most relevant in the trait perspective? Select one: a. description b. explanation c. maintenance d. control

description

28) At about age 12, a girl comes to her mother and says that she is going through a great deal of bodily changes. Most likely the girl is talking about ________.

development of secondary sex characteristics

dr. cornelius is conducting a longitudinal study with a group of women who are currently in their late thirties. he began the study when the women were ages 6 to 9 and is interested in the changes that occur in personality over a lifetime. dr. cornelius is a

developmental psychologist

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

disorder characterized by chronic excessive worry accompanied by three or more of the following symptoms: restlessness, fatigue, concentration problems, irritability, muscle tension, and sleep disturbance.

GAD

disorder in which a person has feelings of dread and impending doom along with physical symptoms of stress, which lasts six months or more

antisocial personality disorder

disorder in which a person has no morals or conscience and often behaves in an impulsive manner without regard for the consequences of that behavior

Antisocial personality disorder

disorder in which a person has no morals or conscience and often behaves in an impulsive manner without regard for the consequences of that behavior.

dissociative identity disorder

disorder occurring when a person seems to have two or more distinct personalities within one body

cyclothymia

disorder that consists of mood swings from moderate depression to hypomania and lasts two or more years

Cyclothymia

disorder that consists of mood swings from moderate depression to hypomania and lasts two years or more - a constitutional source trait.

culture-bound syndromes

disorders found only in particular cultures

laurie, a 30-year-old homemaker, has delusions and hallucinations, often acts silly, giggles loudly and inappropriately, makes odd gestures, and does not bathe or change her clothes regularly. her symptoms indicate she is suffering from

disorganized schizophrenia

Steve's psychiatrist notes that Steve is experiencing a disruption of the usually integrated functions

dissociative

depersonalization disorder

dissociative disorder in which individuals feel detached and disconnected from themselves, their bodies, and their surroundings

this neurotransmitter is often disrupted in cases of schizophrenia

dopamine

66) Which of the following is the type of conflict that occurs when a person must choose between two goals that have both positive and negative aspects?

double approach-avoidance

occurs because the brain adapts to the presence of drugs by responding less intensely to them

drug tolerance

antianxiety drugs

drugs used to treat and calm anxiety reactions, typically minor tranquilizers

jigsaw classroom

educational technique in which each individual is given only part of the information needed to solve a problem, causing the separate individuals to be forced to work together to find the solution

101) Many have compared Freud's idea of the mind to an iceberg. If that were the case and you were standing on the deck of a ship in Alaska, what part of the mind would you see above the water?

ego

The ________ controls the satisfaction of the id's drives in the external world. Select one: a. personal unconscious b. ego c. superego d. persona

ego

54) The coping method that involves changing the way you feel or emotionally react to a stressor is known as ________.

emotion-focused coping

57) The coping method that involves changing the way you feel or emotionally react to a stressor is known as ________.

emotional-focused coping

140) Which characteristic is NOT usually considered part of the male gender stereotype?

emotional...

82) Sasha is experiencing stress in her workplace that is causing her to feel dissatisfied and pessimistic. As a result, she has a desire to quit her job. Sasha is experiencing ________.

eustress

stressors

events that cause a stress reaction

The activation-information-mode model suggests ________.

events that occur during waking hours may influence dreams

145) Which of the following is correct concerning cross-cultural studies on trait theories?

evidence for the five trait dimensions has been found in several cultures...

108) The first phase of the sexual response is ________.

excitment...

the research method that is used to explore cause-and-effect relationships between variables is the

experimental method

stress-vulnerability model

explanation of disorder that assumes a biological sensitivity, or vulnerability, to a certain disorder will result in the development of that disorder under the right conditions of environmental or emotional stress

110) One secondary male sex characteristic is ________.

facial and chest hair...

Cattell used the statistical technique called ________.

factor analysis

delusions

false beliefs held by a person who refuses to accept evidence of their falseness

hallucinations

false sensory perception, such as hearing voices that do not really exist

claustrophobia

fear of being in a small, enclosed space

Which of the following was not a facet of Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism? Select one: a. feelings of inferiority b. environment c. personal/cognitive factors d. behaviors

feelings of inferiority

Hans Selye

first researcher of stress

1. clinical disorders, 2. personality disorders, 3. general medical conditions, 4. psychosocial and environmental problems, 5. global assessment of functioning

five axes in the DSM-V, or DSM-IV

A technique for treating phobias and other stress disorders in which the person is suddenly exposed to the fear-provoking situation or object in an intense way and is prevented from making the usual avoidance or escape response is called ________. Answer systematic desensitization flooding paradoxical intent aversive therapy

flooding

in this type of therapy, the person is exposed to their fear all at once, not gradually

flooding

what was the unconditioned stimulus (US) in pavlov's experiment with the dogs?

food powder

124) The Framingham Heart Study found that the risk of coronary heart disease ________.

for women who work and are also Type A is four times that of Type B women who work...

aversion therapy

form of behavioral therapy in which an undesirable behavior is paired with an aversive stimulus to reduce the frequency of the behavior

Gestalt therapy

form of directive insight therapy in which the therapist helps clients to accept all parts of their feelings and subjective experiences, using leading questions and planned experiences such as role-playing

receptive formation

form of meditation in which a person attempts to become aware of everything in immediate conscious experience, or an expansion of consciousness

concentrative meditation

form of meditation in which a person focuses the mind on some repetitive or unchanging stimulus so that the mind can be cleared of disturbing thoughts and the body can experience relaxation

how many stages are there win NREM sleep?

four

black bile, yellow bile, phlegm, blood

four humors of Hippocratic medicine

the psychoanalytic patient who lets her thoughts flow without interruption or fear of negative criticism from her therapist is using

free association

78) ________ occurs when a person is blocked or prevented from achieving a desired goal or fulfilling a perceived need.

frustration

116) Fifteen year old Latisha feels that she has been a "boy trapped in a girl's body" for as long as she can remember. She is learning about sexual reassignment surgery from her mother, who supports her daughter after taking her to a doctor who diagnosed her as having ________.

gender identity disorter...

41) Shaquilla says that all men are insensitive and unemotional. She is probably expressing a ________.

gender sterotype

19) ________ is the process by which people learn their culture's preferences and expectations for proper "masculine" and "feminine" behaviors.

gender typing

102) In which psychosexual stage do sexual interests reawaken and become stronger?

genital

95) Which of the Freudian stages of personality development begins around puberty?

genital

106) Which of the following is caused by a virus?

genital warts

which of the following types of memories would be found in episodic memory?

gong to a professional baseball game with your parents on a warm summer day and catching a foul ball

117) A foul-smelling, cloudy discharge from the penis and burning upon urination are symptomatic of ________.

gonorrhes...

False sensory perceptions that often take the form of hearing voices are called

hallucinations

false sensory perceptions that often take the form of hearing voices are called

hallucinations

The tendency to form a favorable or unfavorable impression of someone at the first meeting is called the ________. Select one: a. bias effect b. interview bias c. halo effect d. subject bias effect

halo effect

manic

having the quality of excessive excitement, energy, and elation or irritability

Manic (Mania)

having the quality of excessive excitement, energy, and elation or irritability.

86) What did Gordon Allport think about traits?

he thought they were wired into the nervous system

seasonal affective disorder

he treatment recommended for a patient at the mental health clinic is phototherapy. What is the likely diagnosi

the primary purpose of the DSM-IV-TR is to

help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders

58) During the alarm stage of the general adaptation syndrome, all of the following EXCEPT ________ are reactions that can be seen.

hemmorrhaging

85) According to Hofstede's dimensions of cultural personality, cultures that are ________ are assertive and competitive.

high in uncertainty avoidance

107) According to research, the majority of gay or bisexual college students report they first became aware of their sexual orientation in ________.

high school...

which perspective focuses on free will and self-actualization?

humanism

Which theory of personality was a direct reaction against the psychoanalytic and behaviorist perspectives? Select one: a. humanistic perspective b. trait perspective c. projective perspective d. inventory perspective

humanistic perspective

27) LeVay discovered that an area of the ________ is three times larger in males than females, and two to three times larger in heterosexual males as compared to homosexual males in his controversial research study.

hypothalamus

The sleep-wake cycle is ultimately controlled by the part of the brain called the ________.

hypothalamus

eating, drinking, sexual behavior, and temperature control are most strongly influenced by the

hypothalamus

For Freud, the only personality structure present at birth is the ________.

id

There were three friends. Maybe you've heard of them! Harry was rational, logical, and cunning. Hermione was rule oriented, moral, and always ethical. Ron was pleasure seeking, found it hard to delay gratification, and usually just did what he wanted. According to Freud, Ron was mostly ________. Select one: a. id b. ego c. superego d. libido

id

What is Freud's term for the primitive, biological side of personality? Select one: a. id b. ego c. superego d. preconscious

id

Which component of a person's personality is responsible for the continuing desire to engage in sex indiscriminately?

id

brittany drinks, parties, and often has casual sex with people she hardly knows. freud would say that brittany is dominated by her

id

132) For Freud, the seething cauldron of unconscious urges and desires continuously seeking expression is the ________.

id...

What did Freud perceive as the outcome of successful resolution of the Oedipus complex? Select one: a. attraction to the same-sex parent b. attraction to the opposite-sex parent c. identification with the same-sex parent d. identification with the opposite-sex parent

identification with the same-sex parent

135) Monozygotic twins are ________, while dizygotic twins are ________.

identital;fraternal...

free association

in psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing.

transference

in psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships

affect

in psychology, a term indicating "emotion" or "mood"

Affect

in psychology, an emotional reaction.

123) Which of the following is one reason why living in poverty is stressful?

increased rates of disabilities due to poor prenatal care...

10) Having more than one partner ________.

increases your chance of contracting a sexually transmitted disease

Which of the following choices describes the cultural personality of the United States, according to Hofstede's dimensions of cultural personality?

individualistic

Which of the following choices describes the cultural personality of the United States, according to Hofstede's dimensions of cultural personality? Select one: a. individualistic b. high in power distance c. low in individualism d. high in uncertainty avoidance

individualistic

Helplessness theory

individuals who are prone to depression automatically attribute negative experiences to causes that are internal, stable, and global.

Therapies aimed mainly at understanding one's motives and actions are referred to as ________. Answer action therapies insight therapies biomedical therapies relationship therapies

insight therapies

psychoanalysis

insight therapy based on the theory of Freud, emphasizing the revealing of unconscious conflicts

To treat your sleep problem you are told that you should set your alarm clock to wake up at the same time each day, and you should get out of bed if you cannot sleep. What sleep disorder have you been experiencing?

insomnia

24) Psychology has many terms for human sexuality concepts. What is an alternative term for hermaphroditism?

intersex

Joanna is experiencing severe anxiety. Her psychiatrist attributes her disorder to a chemical imbalance. Her psychiatrist is using ______ of abnormality

intrapersonal model

Stanley Milgram

invented the electric shock experiment to test obedience

94) The main advantage of personality inventories over projective tests and interviews is ________.

inventories are standardized

The intervention-causation fallacy

involves the assumption that if a treatment is effective, it must address the cause of the problem.

Specific phobia

irrational fear of a particular object or situation that markedly interferes with an individual's ability to function (ex. claustrophobia, acrophobia, etc.)

Major depression

is one of the most common psychological disorders worldwide

According to research on sleep deprivation, a moderate amount of sleep loss ________.

is still a serious problem

84) Which of the following statements is criticism that one might legitimately make about the humanistic perspective of personality?

it paints too rosey a picture of humanity. ignoring negative aspects of human nature

Which of the following statements is criticism that one might legitimately make about the humanistic perspective of personality? Select one: a. it relies far too much on the influence of environments b. it spends way too much time looking at unconscious determinants of behaviors. c. it paints too rosy a picture of humanity, ignoring negative aspects of human nature. d. it's concept of womb envy cannot be empirically validated.

it paints too rosy a picture of humanity, ignoring negative aspects of human nature.

1. The unique and relatively stable ways in which each individual thinks, acts, and feels is called ______. a. personality b. nurture c. a trait d. nature

1. a. personality

96) You are reading an article that critiques Freud's theory. Which of the following could be the title?

"Sometimes a cigar is just a cigar"

Charise and Noreen were having a conversation about men. "You know," Noreen said, "I think my husband tries to annoy me! Even though he tries to do what I ask, I think that subconsciously he really enjoys ticking me off to see the reactions he'll get. Freud must have been right!" Charise, who has just studied personality psychology in school, corrects Noreen by saying which of the following? Select one: a. "You're probably right, Noreen. Freud was really into subconscious motives." b. "Freud's theory has absolutely no validity in the modern times, Noreen. Stop analyzing your husband!" c. "Freud really didn't address the psychological functioning of men, Noreen, only women." d. "Well, Noreen, there really is no "subconscious" in Freud's theory!"

"Well, Noreen, there really is no "subconscious" in Freud's theory!"

preconscious level

"What did you have for lunch an hour ago?" Before I asked you that question, the information was in your

which of the following correlation coefficients represents the strongest relationship

-.97

Steve is extremely uptight and compulsively neat and orderly. According to Freudian theory, he became fixated at the ________ stage of psychosexual development. A) oral B) anal C) genital D) latency

B. Anal

Toilet training takes place during which of Freud's psychosexual stages? A) phallic B) anal C) oral D) latency

B. Anal

People who are attempting to become extremely thin by refusing to eat suffer from __________________. A) dissociation B) anorexia nervosa C) bulimia nervosa D) obesity phobia

B. Anorexia nervosa

In Sigmund Freud's theory, the _______ operates according to the pleasure principle. A) superego B) id C) ego D) thanatos

B. Id

The pleasure principle is associated with which element of Freud's personality theory? A) superego B) id C) ego D) preconscious

B. Id

The system of cells, organs, and chemicals of the body that responds to attacks from diseases and injuries is called the ________. A) endocrine system B) immune system C) respiratory system D) sympathetic nervous system

B. Immune system

The thoughts and motives that lie beyond a person's normal awareness are found in what Freud calls the _____.

Unconscious

mary suffered from a head injury in a car accident last week. since that time she is able to speak fluently but uses the wrong words when expressing herself. mary may be exhibiting

Wernicke's aphasia

identification with the same-sex parent

What did Freud perceive as the outcome of successful resolution of the Oedipus complex?

We could become fixated at that stage

What did Sigmund Freud believe could happen if our needs were delayed at a particular psychosexual stage?

ego

What is Freud's term for the executive of the personality that has a realistic plan for obtaining gratification of an individual's desires?

defense mechanisms

What is Freud's term for the unconscious efforts by the ego to deny or distort reality for the purpose of protecting itself when conflict becomes too intense?

psychiatrists

What type of mental health professional must possess a doctorate in medicine?

He did not believe that the stories his female patients told about having been sexually abused by their fathers and other family members were real memories.

What was the basis for Freud's development of his theory of the Oedipus conflict?

panic disorder

disorder in which panic attacks occur frequently enough to cause the person difficulty in adjusting to daily life

Panic disorder

disorder in which panic attacks occur frequently enough to cause the person difficulty in adjusting to daily life.

Phobic disorders

disorders characterized by marked, persistent, and excessive fear and avoidance of specific objects, activities, or situations.

Culture-bound syndromes

disorders found only in particular cultures → in the West depression or anxiety is found - in China fatigue or weakness is found.

Personality disorders

disorders in which a person adopts a persistent, rigid, and maladaptive pattern of behavior that interferes with normal social interactions

personality disorders

disorders in which a person adopts a persistent, rigid, and maladaptive pattern of behavior that interferes with normal social interactions

Mood disorders

disorders in which emotion is severely disturbed.

mood disorders

disorders in which mood is severely disturbed

Anxiety disorders

disorders in which the main symptom is excessive or unrealistic anxiety and fearfulness

anxiety disorders

disorders in which the main symptom is excessive or unrealistic anxiety and fearfulness

dissociative disorder

disorders in which there is a break in conscious awareness, memory, the sense of identity, or some combination

Psychological disorders

disorders reflecting abnormalities of the mind

somatoform disorders

disorders that take the form of bodily illness and symptoms but for which there are no real physical disorders

Laurie, a 30 year old homemaker, has delusions and hallucinations, often acts silly, giggles loudly and inappropriately

disorganized

Laurie, a 30-year-old homemaker, has delusions and hallucinations, often acts silly, giggles loudly and inappropriately, makes odd gestures, and does not bathe or change her clothes regularly. Her symptoms indicate she is suffering from ________ schizophrenia. Answer disorganized catatonic undifferentiated paranoid

disorganized

There were three friends. Maybe you've heard of them! Harry was rational, logical, and cunning. Hermione was rule oriented, moral, and always ethical. Ron was pleasure seeking, found it hard to delay gratification, and usually just did what he wanted. According to Freud, Hermione was mostly ________.

superego

Which element in Freud's personality theory is composed of the conscience?

superego

devonn feels guilty over having broken his mom's dvd player. his feeling is being driven by which component of the personality?

superego

29) AIDS CANNOT be transmitted through ________.

tear

reciprocity of liking

tendency of people to like other people who like them in return

psychotic

term applied to a person who is no longer able to perceive what is real and what is fantasy

98) According to Albert Bandura, a person's belief about his or her skills and ability to perform certain behaviors is known as ________.

self-efficacy

According to Albert Bandura, a person's belief about his or her skills and ability to perform certain behaviors is known as ________.

self-efficacy

134) You are about to undergo delicate brain surgery that requires great skill on the part of the surgeon. As the surgical team wheels you into the operating room, you hope the surgeon has a high level of ________.

self-efficacy...

simon is teaching his daughter, who is in third grade, her multiplication tables. he explains to her that he memorized them when he was in fourth grade, and hasn't forgotten them since. information like multiplication facts is stored in

semantic memory

50) Masters and Johnson recommended a technique called ________ for treatment of premature ejaculation.

sensate focus

cognitive dissonance

sense of discomfort or distress that occurs when a person's behavior does not correspond to that person's attitude

Schizophrenia

severe disorder in which the person suffers from disordered thinking, bizarre behavior, hallucinations (visual and/or auditory), and is unable to distinguish between fantasy and reality.

schizophrenia

severe disorder in which the person suffers from disordered thinking, bizarre behavior, hallucinations, and inability to distinguish between fantasy and reality

short, rhythmic bursts of brainwave activity that appear during stage 2 sleep are called

sleep spindles

63) What is the term for the network of friends, family members, neighbors, coworkers, and others who can offer help to a person in need?

social support system

hypochondriasis

somatoform disorder in which the person is terrified of being sick and worries constantly, going to doctors repeatedly, and becoming preoccupied with every sensation of the body

You are a psychologist who is evaluating the behavior of a new client

subjective discomfort

yellow bile

summer - (easily angered, bad tempered)

In the metaphor the angel, the devil, and me, the angel is the ________. Select one: a. id b. ego c. superego d. unconscious

superego

The question "Why is it happening?" refers to which of the following goals in psychology? A) understanding B) control C) prediction D) description

A) understanding

Which occupation would be especially difficult for a person who suffers from acrophobia? A) window washer B) cashier C) emergency room nurse D) baseball umpire

A) window washer

The Type C behavior pattern is a significant predictor of ______. A) cancer B) mental illness C) coronary heart disease D) respiratory illnesses

A. Cancer

Nick is admitted to a mental institution because he hears voices talking to him that no one else can hear, and he sees demons attacking him, though no one else could see anything near him. Nick's symptoms are known as ______. A) delusions B) hallucinations C) compulsions D) obsessions

B) hallucinations

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) seems to be related to__________. A) high levels of thyroxine B) high levels of melatonin C) low levels of thyroxine D) low levels of melatonin

B) high levels of melatonin

The school of psychology called structuralism used a technique called _____, which involved reporting the contents of consciousness to study a person's experiences. A) induction B) introspection C) intervention D) insight inventory

B) introspection

When a patient arrives in the emergency room, he is restless and irritable with unlimited energy and a rapid rate of speech. The attending psychiatrist believes the patient has taken cocaine or amphetamines and admits him for observation. The next day the symptoms are the same. What condition with symptoms that are similar to those associated with amphetamine use might the psychiatrist now consider as a condition that is relevant to the diagnosis? A) mania B) dissociative fugue C) catatonic schizophrenia D) conversion disorder

A) mania

The biological model views psychological disorders as resulting from_____________. A) physiological causes B) distorted thought patterns C) repressed memories D) underlying behavioral issues

A) physiological causes

What is the branch of psychology that is concerned with the study of abnormal behavior? A) psychopathology B) psychobiology C) health psychology D) developmental psychology

A) psychopathology

Today, trepanning is done to ___________. A) relieve pressure from fluids on the brain B) release demons from the possessed victim C) relieve pressure in the lower back D) facilitate exorcisms

A) relieve pressure from fluids on the brain

People who have a(n) ______ are afraid of being evaluated in some negative way by others, so they tend to avoid situations that can be embarrassing. A) social phobia B) specific phobia C) agoraphobia D) interactive phobia

A) social phobia

Free-floating anxiety refers to anxiety that is__________. A) related to a realistic source B) unrelated to any realistic, known source C) related to a specific object D) related to a specific event

B) unrelated to any realistic, known source

Which of the following people would be most likely to receive a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder? A) Monet, who cannot make a decision without first knowing what her boyfriend thinks is best. B) Marlon, who works as a long-distance truck driver so that he doesn't have to interact with people more than necessary. C) Jared, who enjoys stealing cars and going for joy rides around his neighborhood. D) Lizette, who has a history of multiple suicide attempts

C) Jared, who enjoys stealing cars and going for joy rides around his neighborhood.

Why was the perspective followed by Wilhelm Wundt and his followers called structuralism? A) They wanted to identify the major brain structures. B) They focused their efforts on analyzing the elements of the nervous system. C) Their primary focus was on describing the structure of conscious experience. D) Their primary goal was to understand the physiology of the mind.

C) Their primary focus was on describing the structure of conscious experience.

According to the behaviorists, disordered behavior is a result of _____________. A) illogical thinking patterns B) chemical imbalances and brain damage C) a set of learned responses D) repressed thoughts and memories that try to resurface

C) a set of learned responses

The goals of psychology are to _____. A) explore the conscious and unconscious functions of the human mind B) understand, compare, and analyze human behavior C) describe, understand, predict, and control behavior D) improve psychological well-being in all individuals from birth until death

C) describe, understand, predict, and control behavior

A teacher tells the school psychologist that Kate is late to class, does not turn in her homework, squirms around a lot in her seat, and swings her feet constantly. This is an example of which goal of psychology? A) explaining behavior B) predicting behavior C) describing behavior D) controlling behavior

C) describing behavior

The primary purpose of the DSM-IV-TR is to _____. A) help psychologists assess only normal behavior B) keep the number of diagnostic categories of mental disorders to a minimum C) help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders D) describe the causes of common physiological disorders

C) help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders

According to the biological perspective, generalized anxiety disorder is_________. A) the result of illogical, irrational thought processes B) a danger signal that repressed conflicts are threatening to surface C) linked to an imbalance in several neurotransmitters in the nervous system D) a learned reaction

C) linked to an imbalance in several neurotransmitters in the nervous system

A disorder in which intruding thoughts that occur again and again are followed by repetitive, ritualistic behavior meant to lower the anxiety caused by the thoughts is called____________ disorder. A) delusional B) passive-aggressive C) obsessive-compulsive D) post-traumatic stress

C) obsessive-compulsive

Each day, while Sid is sitting at his desk at work, he continually thinks about germs. Each time this occurs, he washes his hands. Sid probably suffers from___________. A) panic disorder B) agoraphobia C) obsessive-compulsive disorder D) generalized anxiety disorder

C) obsessive-compulsive disorder

Which of the following is NOT an Axis I disorder of the DSM-IV-TR? A) sexual and gender identity disorders B) factitious disorders C) personality disorders D) substance-related disorders

C) personality disorders

A hospital patient was diagnosed as suffering from schizophrenia because she was having both delusions and hallucinations. What type of symptoms are these? A) atypical B) negative C) positive D) a mix of positive and negative

C) positive

Fear of public speaking and stage fright are both examples of ______ phobias. A) specific B) interactive C) social D) complex

C) social

Which of the following types of anxiety disorders is related to a history of shyness in childhood? A) panic disorder B) obsessive-compulsive disorder C) social phobia D) generalized anxiety disorder

C) social phobia

Which criterion would designate a person who never talks to anyone as abnormal? A) subjective discomfort B) dysfunctional C) statistical definition D) malnutritious

C) statistical definition

Maria is a retired factory worker who lives with anxiety. Due to the fear of having anxiety attacks, she does not leave her house. This makes her feel trapped in her home, which creates distress. Which criterion would be most appropriate in deciding whether Maria's case represents an example of abnormality? A) statistical rarity B) social norm deviance C) subjective discomfort D) situational context

C) subjective discomfort

Free-floating anxiety refers to anxiety that is__________. A) related to a realistic source B) related to a specific object C) unrelated to any realistic, known source D) related to a specific event

C) unrelated to any realistic, known source

biological

It seems to Joanna that every time her son Daniel eats foods containing chemical dyes or additives, he gets into trouble or acts irrationally. When Joanna mentions this to her pediatrician, the doctor tells Joanna that Daniel's behavior fits the __________ model of abnormality.

"I'm so angry I could kill that player!"

Jessie becomes furious when her favorite hockey player is intentionally hurt by an opponent. According to Freud's model of the mind, her id would unconsciously say

On _____ personality tests, people are asked to describe themselves on paper-and-pencil tasks that have a limited number of response options and a standardized scoring system.

Objective

phallic

The Freudian stage in which boys must resolve the Oedipus complex is the ______ stage.

phallic

The Freudian stage in which boys must resolve the Oedipus complex is the ________ stage

ego

The ______ controls the satisfaction of the id's drives in the external world.

Which of the following neurotransmitters have been implicated in the study of anxiety disorders? A) GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) B) neither a nor b C) serotonin D) both a and b

D) both a and b

The most commonly used personality inventory is the _____________. A) CPI B) MBTI C) TAT D) MMPI-2

D. MMPI-2

personal unconscious

According to Jung, each person's own repressed thoughts, undeveloped ideas, and forgotten experiences are contained in the

schizophrenia

A patient in a psychiatric hospital exhibits disordered thinking, bizarre behavior, and hallucinations. This person is probably suffering from

100. Gestalt therapy emphasizes ______. a. the here-and-now b. early childhood influences on adult behavior c. the role of unsatisfactory relationships in the development of maladaptive behaviors d. finding the initial causes of current problems

100. a. the here-and-now

101. Craig is currently in therapy to help him stop smoking. His therapist is using learning techniques to help him modify his smoking habit and develop more desirable behaviors. Craig's therapist is using________. a. behavior modification b. empty chair technique c. reflection d. selective thinking

101. a. behavior modification

104. Your friend has applied to several medical schools. After receiving one rejection letter, she concludes that she will not be admitted to any school and feels depressed. Your friend is engaging in _______. a. arbitrary inference b. overgeneralization c. minimization d. selective thinking

104. b. overgeneralization

105. Azdah's teenage son fails his mathematics exam due to lack of studying. She immediately assumes that it is her fault. Azdah is engaging in _______. a. arbitrary inference b. selective thinking c. personalization d. minimization

105. c. personalization

106. Therapies that focus on the present and assume that people observe the world and the people around them, make assumptions and inferences based on these observations, and then decide how to respond is called _______. a. person-centered therapy b. cognitive-behavioral therapy c. behavior therapy d. Gestalt therapy

106. b. cognitive-behavioral therapy

107. Which of the following is a basic goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy? a. to help clients uncover unconscious conflicts and sexual urges b. to help clients develop a closer match between real and ideal selves c. to help clients change irrational thoughts to rational thoughts d. to help clients complete unfinished business and become whole

107. c. to help clients change irrational thoughts to rational thoughts

108. Rational-emotive therapy is a type of ______ therapy. a. insight b. cognitive-behavioral c. psychoanalytic d. humanistic

108. b. cognitive-behavioral

111. A type of therapy in which clients meet regularly in a group setting and discuss problems under the guidance of a single therapist is called ______ therapy. a. social b. informal c. group d. Gestalt

111. c. group

112. Family counseling is a form of ______ therapy. a. organic b. group c. self-help d. informal

112. b. group

114. Most family therapists who work with couples concentrate on ______. a. exploring the marital partners' childhoods to understand the source of the current conflicts b. desensitization techniques to help the marital partners become more tolerant of each other c. changing the behavior of the person in the marriage who is the source of the couple's problems d. improving the couple's patterns of communication so they can find better ways of solving their problems

114. d. improving the couple's patterns of communication so they can find better ways of solving their problems

115. An advantage to group therapy is that groups ______. a. are a source of social support b. allow countertransference to occur c. bestow unconditional approval on group members d. allow an extremely shy person to feel more comfortable speaking up

115. a. are a source of social support

13. What is Albert Bandura's term for the relationship among the three factors that influence personality? a. feedback loops b. learned responses c. reciprocal determinism d. external expectancies

13. c. reciprocal determinism

14. Albert Bandura's notion that people are affected by their environment but can also influence that environment is known as ______. a. self-efficacy b. locus of control c. phenomenology d. reciprocal determinism

14. d. reciprocal determinism

15. A baseball player's son is quite talented; he has received lots of awards over the years. When he gets up to bat he expects to get a hit, and when he is in the field he expects to make every catch. According to Bandura, what characteristic does this young man seem to have? a. self-regard b. self-centeredness c. self-efficacy d. self-actualization

15. c. self-efficacy

16. According to Albert Bandura, a person's belief about his or her skills and ability to perform certain behaviors is known as _____. a. self-efficacy b. locus of control c. phenomenology d. reciprocal determinism

16. a. self-efficacy

17. _____ theory is called the third force in personality theory. a. Psychoanalytic b. Behaviorist c. Cognitive d. Humanistic

17. d. Humanistic

2. Which of the following statements describes the relationship between temperament and personality? a. Temperament and personality are the exact same thing. b. Personality, which we are born with, is the basis upon which one's temperament is built. c. Temperament, which we are born with, is the basis upon which one's personality is built. d. Temperament refers to negative personal characteristics, while personality refers to positive personal characteristics.

2. c. Temperament, which we are born with, is the basis upon which one's personality is built.

21. According to Carl Rogers, anxiety and neurotic behaviors occur when _______. a. a person has low self-esteem b. there is matching between the real self and ideal self c. there is a discrepancy between the real self and ideal self d. the individual receives too much unconditional positive regard

21. c. there is a discrepancy between the real self and ideal self

6) Most recent surveys indicate that ________ of men and ________ of women have had at least one homosexual experience.

22%;17%

24. Which theories are less concerned with the explanation for personality development and changing personality than they are with describing personality and predicting behavior based on that description? a. trait theories b. psychodynamic theories c. archetype theories d. behaviorist theories

24. a. trait theories

25. Cattell and Allport are both prominent ______ theorists. a. psychodynamic b. trait c. behavioral d. humanistic

25. b. trait

In any given year, about ________ percent of adults over the age of 18 suffer from a mental disorder. Answer 26 12 33 43

26

26. What are the Big Five personality traits? a. conscientiousness, openness, agreeableness, extraversion, dominance b. openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism c. sensation seeking, conscientiousness, openness, agreeableness, dominance d. neuroticism, psychoticism, extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness

26. b. openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism

27. Ellen has been described as creative, imaginative, curious, artistic, and nonconforming. She is likely to obtain an elevated score on a questionnaire designed to measure ________. a. extraversion b. agreeableness c. conscientiousness d. openness

27. d. openness

28. Ted is friendly, loves to tells jokes at parties, and is perceived by others as warm and considerate. On which two of the Big Five traits would you expect Ted to obtain high scores? a. agreeableness and extraversion b. extraversion and conscientiousness c. neuroticism and openness to experience d. openness to experience and conscientiousness

28. a. agreeableness and extraversion

29. When assessing personality, many psychologists take the eclectic view, which means they ________. a. use only one specific approach b. use a variety of approaches c. focus on behavior d. focus on unconscious motives

29. b. use a variety of approaches

unless you repeat them, items placed in short-term memory are usually lost in less than

30 seconds

30. Which assessment technique requires people to respond to unstructured or ambiguous stimuli? a. dynamic b. projective c. objective d. predictive

30. b. projective

a typical american has _____% of developing cancer in his/her lifetime, and _____% chance of developing a mental disorder

30; 50

31. A person's responses to a projective test are thought to reflect ________. a. current events b. daydreaming themes c. maladaptive patterns of behavior d. unconscious thoughts and feelings

31. d. unconscious thoughts and feelings

32. An assessment in which a numerical value is assigned to specific behavior(s) that is/are listed on the assessment is called a _______. a. rating scale b. frequency count c. projective test d. interview

32. a. rating scale

33. Personality assessments conducted by behaviorists rely primarily on _______. a. projective tests b. direct observation c. detailed analysis of dreams d. interviews

33. b. direct observation

36. What is the branch of psychology that is concerned with the study of abnormal behavior? a. health psychology b. psychopathology c. psychobiology d. developmental psychology

36. b. psychopathology

37. Which criterion would designate a person who never talks to anyone as abnormal? a. dysfunctional b. statistical definition c. subjective discomfort d. malnutritious

37. b. statistical definition

38. Which term refers to a way to define abnormality by comparing an individual's behavior to the norms or standards of the society in which an individual lives? a. social discomfort b. social mores c. social context d. social norm deviance

38. d. social norm deviance

39. What is the primary difficulty with applying the criterion of "social norm deviance" to define abnormal behavior? a. Norms are difficult to enumerate. b. Cultures accept and view all behaviors as normal. c. Behavior that is considered disordered in one culture may be acceptable in another. d. Norms do not guide behavior except in rare instances.

39. c. Behavior that is considered disordered in one culture may be acceptable in another.

4. Which theory of personality was a direct reaction against the psychoanalytic and behaviorist perspectives? a. humanistic perspective b. trait perspective c. projective perspective d. inventory perspective

4. a. humanistic perspective

41. One sign of abnormality is when a person engages in behavior that creates a great deal of emotional distress or ______. a. subjective discomfort b. social deviance c. statistical rarity d. situational context

41. a. subjective discomfort

42. Dave, a graduate student, has difficulty talking to groups. Unfortunately, he has chosen a career in which he must speak to large groups of people. The night before a presentation he tosses and turns, and the resulting lack of sleep makes the situation worse. When he makes a presentation, he often becomes confused and stumbles over his words. As a result, he feels worthless and miserable. Which two criteria of abnormal behavior are most useful in analyzing this case? a. inability to function normally and statistical rarity b. subjective discomfort and inability to function normally c. statistical rarity and deviance from social norms d. deviance from social norms and subjective discomfort

42. b. subjective discomfort and inability to function normally

43. The ______ model of mental illness explains that disorders such as anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia are caused by chemical imbalances, genetic problems, brain damage or dysfunction, or some combination of those causes. a. biological b. psychodynamic c. naturalistic d. cognitive-behavioral

43. a. biological

44. The psychoanalytic model of abnormal behavior is based on the work of ______. a. Freud b. Perls c. Rogers d. Skinner

44. a. Freud

45. The psychoanalytic model holds that abnormal behavior is the result of ______. a. learning b. repressed thoughts, memories, and concerns c. biology d. biochemical imbalances

45. b. repressed thoughts, memories, and concerns

21) According to the Janus Report, what percentage of females reported premarital sex?

46%

46. According to the behaviorists, disordered behavior is a result of ________. a. repressed thoughts and memories that try to resurface b. a set of learned responses c. illogical thinking patterns d. chemical imbalances and brain damage

46. b. a set of learned responses

47. Linda is afraid of cats because when she was a little girl a cat scared her by jumping out of her closet and onto her face. As a result of this experience, Linda learned to be afraid of cats. Which model of abnormality offers the best explanation of Linda's fear? a. cognitive b. behavioral c. sociocultural d. psychoanalytic

47. b. behavioral

48. According to the cognitive perspective, disordered behavior is the result of ______. a. repressed thoughts and memories that try to resurface b. a set of learned responses c. illogical thinking patterns d. chemical imbalances and brain damage

48. c. illogical thinking patterns

49. A cognitive therapist is working with a depressed client. Which of the following causes is the likely focus of this therapist's intervention? a. learned behaviors of depression b. unusual levels of neurotransmitters c. negative interpretations of life events d. a superego that is too harsh and strict

49. c. negative interpretations of life events

92) According to Freud's theory of personality development, there are ________ stages that each person must pass through.

5

5. Freud believed that the _______ was the most important determining factor in human behavior and personality. a. id b. preconscious mind c. manifest awareness d. unconscious mind

5. d. unconscious mind

50. _______is used to help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders. a. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) b. The Physician's Desk Reference c. The Textbook of Psychological Disorders d. The Textbook of Physiological Disorders

50. a. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

51. The primary purpose of the DSM-IV-TR is to _____. a. help psychologists assess only normal behavior b. keep the number of diagnostic categories of mental disorders to a minimum c. help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders d. describe the causes of common physiological disorders

51. c. help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders

53. When a psychologist or psychiatrist is using the DSM-IV-TR as a guide to evaluating a client, he or she would assess the client on each of five ______. a. axes b. stages c. phases d. steps

53. a. axes

54. Which of the following is NOT an Axis I disorder of the DSM-IV-TR? a. sexual and gender identity disorders b. factitious disorders c. personality disorders d. substance-related disorders

54. c. personality disorders

55. Axis I of the DSM-IV-TR consists of _______. a. global assessment of functioning b. clinical disorders and other conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention c. psychosocial and environmental problems d. personality disorders and mental retardation

55. b. clinical disorders and other conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention

58. Axis IV of the DSM-IV-TR includes ________. a. all physical disorders that affect a person's psychological adjustment b. all psychological disorders except personality disorders c. information about problems in the person's life that might affect adjustment, such as death of a loved one d. an overall judgment made by the psychological professional of the person's mental health and adjustment based on a scale from 0 to 100

58. c. information about problems in the person's life that might affect adjustment, such as death of a loved one

59. Which axis of the DSM-IV-TR contains an overall judgment made by the psychological professional of the person's mental health and adjustment based on a scale from 0 to 100? a. Axis II b. Axis III c. Axis IV d. Axis V

59. d. Axis V

60. What of the following is the most commonly diagnosed psychological disorder in the United States? a. generalized anxiety disorder b. dysthymic disorder c. substance-abuse disorder d. schizophrenia

60. b. dysthymic disorder

61. What is the most frequently diagnosed anxiety disorder in the United States? a. specific phobia b. social phobia c. post-traumatic stress disorder d. obsessive-compulsive disorder

61. a. specific phobia

62. Excessive or unrealistic fearfulness and worry are characteristic of ______. a. mood disorders b. dissociative neurosis c. anxiety disorders d. amnesia

62. c. anxiety disorders

65. Fears of snakes, thunderstorms, darkness, and water are classified as ______ phobias. a. specific b. social c. primary d. innate

65. a. specific

67. Which of the following is the term used to describe a sudden onset of extreme panic with various symptoms including racing heart, rapid breathing, and sweating? a. phobia b. compulsion c. panic attack d. affective disorder

67. c. panic attack

68. A disorder in which intruding thoughts that occur again and again are followed by repetitive, ritualistic behavior meant to lower the anxiety caused by the thoughts is called ______ disorder. a. obsessive-compulsive b. delusional c. post-traumatic stress d. passive-aggressive

68. a. obsessive-compulsive

69. Intruding thoughts that occur again and again are called _________. Repetitive, ritualistic behaviors are called________. a. intrusions; impulses b. obsessions; compulsions c. impulses; intrusions d. compulsions; obsessions

69. b. obsessions; compulsions

it has been estimated that the number of items that could be stored in short-term memory to be the magic number

7, plus or minus 2

7. What is Freud's term for the executive of the personality that has a realistic plan for obtaining gratification of an individual's desires? a. id b. ego c. superego d. preconscious

7. b. ego

70. The behavioral perspective views anxiety as ______. a. a danger signal that repressed conflicts are threatening to surface b. a learned reaction c. the result of illogical, irrational thought processes d. linked to an imbalance in several neurotransmitters in the nervous system

70. b. a learned reaction

71. Sandy has the tendency to make everything seem so much worse than it actually is. Beck would say that Sandy has a tendency to engage in _______. a. overgeneralization b. minimization c. all-or-nothing-thinking d. magnification

71. d. magnification

72. Disorders characterized by disturbances in emotion are known as ______ disorders. a. conversion b. somatoform c. mood d. dissociative

72. c. mood

73. The term affect is used by psychologists to refer to ______. a. thought b. emotion c. behavior d. intuition

73. b. emotion

76. A person who suffers from bipolar disorder alternates between ________. a. anxiety and mania b. depression and manic episodes c. mania and schizophrenia d. depression and schizophrenia

76. b. depression and manic episodes

77. Which cognitive event, often attributed to the work of Martin Seligman, is hypothesized as contributing to the development and maintenance of major depression? a. self-efficacy b. learned helplessness c. reciprocal determinism d. all-or-none thinking

77. b. learned helplessness

78. A person who is suffering from disordered thinking, bizarre behavior, and hallucinations and who is unable to distinguish between fantasy and reality is likely suffering from_______. a. schizophrenia b. bipolar disorder c. a dissociative disorder d. passive-aggressive personality

78. a. schizophrenia

81. False sensory perceptions that often take the form of hearing voices are called ______. a. delusions b. hallucinations c. obsessions d. compulsions

81. b. hallucinations

82. Laurie, a 30-year-old homemaker, has delusions and hallucinations, often acts silly, giggles loudly and inappropriately, makes odd gestures, and does not bathe or change her clothes regularly. Her symptoms indicate she is suffering from ______ schizophrenia. a. disorganized b. catatonic c. undifferentiated d. paranoid

82. a. disorganized

83. The primary feature of ______ schizophrenia is severe disturbance of motor behavior. a. disorganized b. catatonic c. residual d. paranoid

83. b. catatonic

84. People with ______ disorders have an excessively rigid, maladaptive pattern of behavior and ways of relating to others. a. personality b. somatoform c. affective d. schizophrenic

84. a. personality

85. John has made a career of stealing older people's retirement money by taking advantage of their trust and selling them phony retirement investments. John explains that he has done nothing wrong—if these people were not so greedy, they would not be so eager to invest in his phony schemes. In his mind, his victims got exactly what they deserved. John's behavior and attitude are typical of someone with ______ personality disorder. a. schizoid b. schizotypal c. passive-aggressive d. antisocial

85. d. antisocial

86. Which of the following people would be most likely to receive a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder? a. Marlon, who works as a long-distance truck driver so that he doesn't have to interact with people more than necessary. b. Monet, who cannot make a decision without first knowing what her boyfriend thinks is best. c. Jared, who enjoys stealing cars and going for joy rides around his neighborhood. d. Lizette, who has a history of multiple suicide attempts.

86. c. Jared, who enjoys stealing cars and going for joy rides around his neighborhood.

89. Therapies aimed mainly at understanding one's motives and actions are referred to as _________. a. action therapies b. insight therapies c. biomedical therapies d. relationship therapies

89. b. insight therapies

22) According to the Janus report, approximately ________ percent of men and ________ percent of women reported to be predominantly homosexual.

9%;5%

9. Which element in Freud's personality theory is composed of the conscience and the ego ideal? a. id b. ego c. superego d. preconscious

9. c. superego

92. The kind of therapy that uses biological treatments such as medication, surgical methods, and electrical shock treatments to bring about changes in the person's disordered behavior is called ________. a. psychotherapy b. biomedical therapy c. physical therapy d. electroconvulsive shock therapy

92. b. biomedical therapy

93. Dr. Shedrika uses a form of therapy that emphasizes revealing his clients' unconscious conflicts, urges, and desires, which he believes are the cause of his clients' disordered emotions and behavior. This therapist is most likely using ______. a. behavior therapy b. psychoanalysis c. Gestalt therapy d. systematic desensitization

93. b. psychoanalysis

94. Which of the following is a key component of Rogers's person-centered therapy? a. cognition b. resistance c. dream interpretation d. unconditional positive regard

94. d. unconditional positive regard

95. What did Carl Rogers view as a cause of most personal problems and unhappiness? a. reinforcement of maladaptive behavior patterns b. unrealistic modes of thought employed by many people c. mismatch between an individual's ideal self and real self d. unresolved unconscious conflicts occurring between the id and superego

95. c. mismatch between an individual's ideal self and real self

99. Your friend tells you that his therapist is a Gestalt therapist. You ask him to describe what might happen in one of his therapy sessions. Which of the following is his most likely answer? a. "I am asked by the therapist to relax and meditate." b. "During the session I sometimes talk to an empty chair." c. "The therapist asks me to describe the details of the dreams I have had recently." d. "The therapist evaluates the factual basis of my statements to identify logical inconsistencies."

99. b. "During the session I sometimes talk to an empty chair."

Harmony just learned that her brother is gay, and wants him to know that she cares about him. She compliments him before he leaves for school by saying, "I really like your skirt...I mean shirt." This could be an example of _____.

A Freudian slip

self-efficacy

A baseball player's son is quite talented; he has received lots of awards over the years. When he gets up to bat he expects to get a hit, and when he is in the field he expects to make every catch. According to Bandura, what characteristic does this young man seem to have?

self-efficacy

A baseball player's son is quite talented; he has received lots of awards over the years. When he gets up to bat, he expects to get a hit, and when he is in the field, he expects to make every catch. According to Bandura, what characteristic does this young man seem to have?

psychoanalytic

A client lies on a couch with the therapist sitting out of sight behind her. The therapist gets to know the client's problems through free association and positive and negative transference. This is an example of ________ therapy.

Which of the following patients with schizophrenia is least likely to have a favorable treatment outcome? A) 34-year old Marlene, who suffers from flat affect and speech disturbances B) 19-year old Carissa, who suffers from delusions of grandeur C) 29-year old Dante, who suffers from visual and auditory hallucinations D) 48-year old Martin, who suffers from both delusions of persecution and auditory hallucinations

A) 34-year old Marlene, who suffers from flat affect and speech disturbances

The disorder or culture-bound syndrome in which men fear that their penis is shrinking is primarily found in which country? A) China B) Subarctic Eskimo communities C) Sri Lanka D) Great Britain

A) China

The psychoanalytic model of abnormal behavior is based on the work of ______. A) Freud B) Rogers C) Perls D) Skinne

A) Freud

While on a visit to a large city, you observe several billboards in which a series of lights seems to move. Which perspective in psychology would most likely help you understand this phenomenon? A) Gestalt B) humanistic C) psychodynamic D) behavioral

A) Gestalt

Which of the following statements is true about anxiety? A) Some anxiety is realistic when its source is understandable. B) It is never considered realistic or normal. C) It is unusual for a mentally healthy person to experience anxiety. D) It always manifests itself as a disorder.

A) Some anxiety is realistic when its source is understandable.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the causes of antisocial personality disorder? A) There is a greater risk of antisocial personality disorder in relatives of people with schizotypal personality disorder. B) Close biological relatives of people with this disorder are more likely to be diagnosed than those who are not related. C) Lower than normal levels of stress hormones are linked to emotional unresponsiveness to stressful or threatening situations. D) People with antisocial personality disorder are more likely to have experienced disturbances in family relationships and communication.

A) There is a greater risk of antisocial personality disorder in relatives of people with schizotypal personality disorder.

Who was an early proponent of functionalism? A) William James B) Ivan Pavlov C) Wilhelm Wundt D) Max Wertheimer

A) William James

The behavioral perspective views anxiety as __________. A) a learned reaction B) linked to an imbalance in several neurotransmitters in the nervous system C) a danger signal that repressed conflicts are threatening to surface D) the result of illogical, irrational thought processes

A) a learned reaction

Darcy is sitting at her desk in her office one day when, without warning, her heart begins racing rapidly, she has a sensation of being "out of her body," and she experiences dulled vision and hearing, rapid breathing, and sweating. She thinks she is having a heart attack. Nothing she is doing seems to have caused such an episode. Her symptoms MOST resemble ______. A) a panic attack B) post-traumatic stress C) a phobic disorder D) an affective disorder

A) a panic attack

At the close of the nineteenth century, Gerhard is excited to find that he has been accepted for training in the psychology laboratory of Wilhelm Wundt. It is likely that Gerhard will be trained to ________________. A) analyze how to break down his sensations into their most basic elements B) determine the function or purpose of a particular human behavior C) carefully feel the bumps on a person's head in order to determine his or her character traits D) listen intently while individuals tell him of their depression or nervousness

A) analyze how to break down his sensations into their most basic elements

Which of the following is one definition of abnormal behavior? A) behavior that is rare B) behavior that does not create distress C) behavior that is consistent with the norms of society D) behavior that is adaptive

A) behavior that is rare

Which mood disorder's name translates into English as "spirit that moves in circles?" A) cyclothymia B) major depressive disorder. C) bipolar disorder D) dysthymia

A) cyclothymia

It is not unreasonable to assume that in ancient times signs of mental illness were believed to be caused by__________. A) demons B) an imbalance of body fluids C) improper diet D) social forces

A) demons

Which of the following is true regarding gender differences in the diagnosis of depression? A) gender differences are nonexistent in college students and single adults B) women are always diagnosed with depression more than men, regardless of occupation. C) gender differences in childhood tend to reverse themselves in adulthood D) gender differences get larger as adults get older

A) gender differences are nonexistent in college students and single adults

Ted runs from the biology laboratory straight to his therapist's office. He is sweating and fear is etched on his face. He asks the therapist to apologize to his teacher and says he hopes she will understand that his arachnophobia made it difficult for him to _____. A) look at a spider B) speak in class C) take a blood sample D) dissect a cat

A) look at a spider

Any behavior that does not allow a person to function within or adapt to the stresses and everyday demands of life is considered__________. A) maladaptive B) deviant C) rare D) uncomfortable

A) maladaptive

Sal has decreased levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine in his prefrontal cortex. Which disorder might he be at risk of experiencing? A) schizophrenia B) agoraphobia C) antisocial personality disorder D) dissociative fugue

A) schizophrenia

One sign of abnormality is when a person engages in behavior that creates a great deal of emotional distress or __________. A) subjective discomfort B) situational context C) statistical rarity D) social deviance

A) subjective discomfort

Which model of abnormality holds that physical, mental, and cultural factors are intertwined and that they must all be considered when dealing with psychology disorders? A) the biopsychosocial model B) the Gestalt model C) the psychophysiological model D) the eclectic model

A) the biopsychosocial model

The social or environmental setting of a person's behavior is referred to as_________. A) the situational context B) historical context C) societal norms D) cohort effect

A) the situational context

You let your fingers do the walking through the Yellow Pages looking for a psychotherapist. Your attention is drawn to an advertisement for a group practice described as eclectic. When you call the receptionist to ask for a description of the practice, what will you be told? A) "Our staff uses a combination of methods to fit the client's needs." B) "All the professionals in this group have training in psychoanalysis." C) "Our group focuses on clients' early life experiences." D) "The staff is trained in the biological perspective."

A. "Our staff uses a combination of methods to fit the client's needs."

Sigmund Freud arrives for a therapy session with Albert Ellis. Freud's main complaint is depression; it seems that Freud's writings have not received the kind of response he had hoped for and expected. What is Ellis most likely to say during the therapy session? A) "Why do you expect all your work to be well received, and what difference does it make if some people don't like your ideas?" B) "I want to do some tests to find the neurological cause of your distress." C) "You are upset about the reaction that your work has been receiving." D) "Let's explore your dreams in search of the real reason for your depression."

A. "Why do you expect all your work to be well received, and what difference does it make if some people don't like your ideas?"

Imagine if Sigmund Freud were to go to Carl Rogers for therapy. Freud's major complaint is depression due to distress over the lack of positive response to his theories. What is Rogers most likely to say during their session? A) "You seem troubled by the reaction to your work." B) "Let's focus on your relationship with your father." C) "Why do you think that everyone must appreciate your work?" D) "Say the first thing that comes to your mind; don't censor anything because I want to know what is truly on your mind."

A. "You seem troubled by the reaction to your work."

An 8-year-old child who scored like an average 10-year-old on an intelligence test would have a mental age of ________ and an IQ of ________. A) 10; 125 B) 8; 80 C) 10; 100 D) 8; 125

A. 10;125

What percentage of the population is described as gifted, according to IQ standards? A) 2 percent B) 01 percent C) 10 percent D) 1 percent

A. 2 percent

Obesity is defined as the condition of being at least _____ percent over the ideal body weight. A) 20 B) 40 C) 30 D) 10

A. 20

Research by Teresa Amabile shows that time pressure has ________impact on one's ability to be creative. A) a negative B) a positive C) some D) no

A. A negative

Therapies directed at changing the disordered behavior are referred to as __________. A) action therapies B) insight therapies C) biomedical therapies D) relationship therapies

A. Action therapies

In Gestalt therapy, the therapist is ______ and ______. A) active; directive B) passive; directive C) passive; nondirective D) active; nondirective

A. Active; directive

What is the correct sequence of stages in the general adaptation syndrome? A) alarm, resistance, exhaustion B) exhaustion, resistance, alarm C) resistance, alarm, exhaustion D) alarm, exhaustion, resistance

A. Alarm, resistance, exhaustion

Which of the following life events is not found in the list of major life events that cause a significant amount of stress according to the social readjustment rating scale (SRRS)? A) All of the above are found on the SRRS. B) going on vacation C) marriage D) pregnancy

A. All of the above are found on the SRRS

According to the American Association of Mental Retardation, diagnosis of developmental disability should consider _________________. A) all of these B) intellectual and adaptive behavior skills C) psychological and emotional factors D) physical health and environmental considerations

A. All of these

Which of the following is the most stressful of all conflicts, causing many people to go back and forth between one decision and the other, or be unable to decide for or against the event? A) approach-avoidance B) incompatible demands C) avoidance-avoidance D) approach-approach

A. Approach-avoidance

Which of the following drugs would be the treatment of choice for schizophrenia? A) aripiprazole B) Librium C) Prozac D) lithium

A. Aripiprazole

The person-centered therapist must show a genuine, open, and honest response to the client. This is called_____________. A) authenticity B) empathy C) unconditional positive regard D) resistance

A. Authenticity

Which of these clients is the most likely candidate for Aaron Beck's form of cognitive therapy? A) Barbara, who suffers from depression B) Virginia, who has been diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder C) Robert, who suffers from schizophrenia D) Albert who suffers from mania

A. Barbara, who suffers from depression

____________ therapies have had considerable success in treating bedwetting, overeating, drug addictions, and phobic reactions. A) Behavior B) Psychoanalytic C) Humanistic D) Biomedica

A. Behavior

The _____________ theory of personality has its basis in the theories of learning, and focuses on the effects of environment on one's personal characteristics and actions. A) behaviorist B) psychodynamic C) trait D) humanistic

A. Behaviorist

Which of the following major life events on the College Undergraduate Stress Scale has the highest number of life change units? A) being raped B) death of a close friend C) falling asleep in class D) getting straight As

A. Being raped

What type of drugs are the traditional antianxiety drugs, or minor tranquilizers, such as Valium? A) benzodiazepines B) chlorpromazines C) tricyclics D) lithium family

A. Benzodiazepines

In general, antipsychotic drugs work by ______. A) blocking dopamine receptors in the brain B) inhibiting the function of the hypothalamus C) inhibiting the reuptake process of serotonin D) increasing the amount of acetylcholine in the brain

A. Blocking dopamine receptors in the brain

All of the following statements are true about bulimia EXCEPT __________. A) bulimia is not as damaging as anorexia nervosa B) bulimics have a distorted body image C) bulimics have a distorted view of how much food is too much food D) binge eating and vomiting are common symptoms

A. Bulimia is not as damaging as anorexia nervosa

Which of the following is the term used to describe unpredictable, large-scale events that create a great deal of stress and feelings of threat? A) catastrophes B) major life events C) eustress D) hassles

A. Catastrophes

A therapist challenges what she sees as her client's irrational and self-defeating thoughts. Her goal is to help her client change these thoughts into more rational, helpful, positive thoughts. In addition, she wants to help her client develop strategies that can be used to cope with future problems. She is probably a ______________ therapist. A) cognitive-behavioral B) psychoanalytic C) Gestalt D) person-centered

A. Cognitive-behavioral

Which of the following are considered mental symptoms of stress? A) difficulty making decisions, loss of sense of humor, difficulty concentrating B) depression, fear, irritability C) sleeping irregularity, frequent colds, anger D) chest pains, nausea, memory loss

A. Difficulty making decisions, loss of sense of humor, difficulty concentrating

Coping with stress in the Vietnamese culture typically includes which of the following? A) eating certain foods B) using biofeedback C) exercising D) engaging in a hobby

A. Eating certain foods

Which statement is CORRECT concerning the cultural components of eating disorders? A) Eating disorders are found in both Western and non-Western cultures. B) Anorexia and bulimia are only found in Western, high-socioeconomic cultures. C) Chinese women never report suffering from anorexia. D) African American women rarely, if ever, suffer from eating disorders.

A. Eating disorders are found in both Western and non-Western cultures

John and his wife are having trouble communicating and getting along with one another. Which type of therapy is most likely to help them with their problems? A) family B) self-help group C) individual D) systematic desensitization

A. Family

Which of the following is the most common method of committing suicide? A) firearm B) hanging C) overdose D) jumping from heights

A. Firearm

A technique for treating phobias and other stress disorders in which the person is suddenly exposed to the fear-provoking situation or object in an intense way and is prevented from making the usual avoidance or escape response is called __________. A) flooding B) aversive therapy C) systematic desensitization

A. Flooding

The method in which the minority person tries to maintain a sense of original cultural identity while also trying to form a positive relationship with members of the dominant culture is called_____________. A) integration B) separation C) assimilation D) marginalization

A. Integration

Bob has been under a physician's care for depression. Although his symptoms have disappeared and he has suffered no major side effects, he has had to go on a severely restricted diet since his treatment began and be careful about eating certain smoked, fermented, or pickled foods, and drinking certain beverages. In addition, he needs to be careful about taking other medications due to a risk of severe high blood pressure. Bob's doctor has probably been treating him with ______. A) MAOIs B) Prozac C) tricyclics D) lithium

A. MAOIs

Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) to measure change due to_________. A) major life events B) negative life events C) natural disasters D) social difficulties

A. Major life events

The term hassles refers to__________. A) minor annoyances of everyday life B) personal limitations that make it impossible for someone to pursue a desired goal C) minor health problems that cause a person to miss at least one day of work D) the necessity to interact with persons we dislike in order to obtain our goals

A. Minor annoyances of everyday life

Mario has always had trouble dealing with his parents as authority figures. During psychoanalysis, he reacts to the analyst in a negative manner whenever the therapist says something that reminds him of his parents' control over him. What process would Freud say is occurring? A) negative transference B) positive transference C) resistance D) countertransference

A. Negative transference

Each of the following is a symptom of bulimia EXCEPT ______. A) refusal to maintain body weight at or above minimal normal weight for age and height B) recurrent episodes of binge eating C) body shape and weight excessively influencing the person's self-image D) recurrent inappropriate behaviors, such as self-induced vomiting, to try and prevent weight gain

A. Refusal to maintain body weight at or above minimal normal weight for age and height

According to Albert Bandura, a person's belief about his or her skills and ability to perform certain behaviors is known as ________. A) self-efficacy B) phenomenology C) locus of control D) reciprocal determinism

A. Self-efficacy

Lydia is a divorced mother who attends meetings with peers who share the same problems and stressful situations. There is no professional facilitating these meetings. What type of sessions is Lydia attending? A) self-help group B) individual therapy C) family therapy D) assertiveness training

A. Self-help group

Psychoanalysis was a therapy technique designed by ______. A) Sigmund Freud B) Carl Rogers C) Fritz Perls D) Alfred Adler

A. Sigmund Freud

Someone who was interested in measuring a person's source traits, as described by Raymond Cattell, would use the ______________. A) Sixteen Personality Factors Questionnaire (16PF) B) California Psychological Inventory (CPI) C) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) D) NEO Personality Inventory

A. Sixteen Personality Factors Questionnaire (16PF)

While taking the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, Version II, Vince notices that it contains certain questions that are asked several times in different ways. He asks his daughter, who is a graduate student in psychology, why that is. What is his daughter likely to say? A) Some items are used to determine if test takers are trying to "fake" the test by not reading. B) Truly psychotic individuals expect to find "strange" items on tests. C) The MMPI-2 contains a number of experimental items that are used in developing future versions of the test. D) Those items contain hidden content that is not apparent to normal people.

A. Some items are used to determine if test takers are trying to "fake" the test by not reading

There were three friends. Harry was rational, logical, and cunning. Hermione was rule oriented, moral, and always ethical. Ron was pleasure seeking, found it hard to delay gratification, and usually just did what he wanted. According to Freud, Hermione was mostly ____________. A) superego B) ego C) id D) oedipal

A. Superego

Which part of the nervous system reacts when the human body is subjected to stress? A) sympathetic B) somatic C) central D) parasympathetic

A. Sympathetic

When the teacher was handing out this test, you noticed that your respiration rate and heartbeat increased, your palms got sweaty, and your hand shook a little. Your pretest behaviors were triggered by the__________. Upon completion of the exam, your body returned to its normal state by way of the _________. A) sympathetic nervous system; parasympathetic nervous system B) somatic nervous system; autonomic nervous system C) autonomic nervous system; somatic nervous system D) parasympathetic nervous system; sympathetic nervous system

A. Sympathetic nervous system; parasympathetic nervous system

Optimists tend to use alternative thinking to__________. A) come up with explanations that do not reflect badly on them personally for why undesirable events occur B) improve their cognitive abilities C) find a scapegoat D) make themselves feel better by comparing their performance to that of less competent others

A. Tend to come up with explanations that do not reflect badly on them personally for why undesirable events occur

According to Freud and his followers, what is the most significant event that occurs during the anal stage of psychosexual development? A) The child is toilet trained. B) The child develops sexual feelings toward the parent of the other sex. C) The child discovers his or her genitals. D) The child has nightmares that reflect the development of sexual feelings.

A. The child is toilet trained

Research on _____________ supports the hypothesis that personality differences are due in part to genetic differences. A) the heritability of traits B) the use of defense mechanisms C) peak experiences D) unconditional positive regard

A. The heritability of traits

Which of the following statements about antidepressants taken by children and adolescents is true? A) Their effects are not clearly understood. B) They are known to be very effective. C) They are not very effective. D) Their effects are clearly understood.

A. Their effects are not clearly understood.

The most important aspect of successful psychotherapy is the __________ between client and therapist. A) therapeutic alliance B) authenticity C) transference D) mindfulness

A. Therapeutic alliance

According to Carl Rogers, anxiety and neurotic behaviors occur when _______. A) there is a discrepancy between the real self and ideal self B) the individual receives too much unconditional positive regard C) a person has low self-esteem D) there is matching between the real self and ideal self

A. There is a discrepancy between the real self and ideal self

What do humanistic and psychoanalytic theories have in common? A) They are both difficult to test. B) They are both testable. C) They both rely on stages. D) They both base much of their theory on early stressful events.

A. They are both difficult to test

For Freud, the mind is divided into ___ levels. A) three B) two C) four D) one

A. Three

Which of the following is a basic goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy? A) to help clients change irrational thoughts to rational thoughts B) to help clients uncover unconscious conflicts and sexual urges C) to help clients develop a closer match between real and ideal selves D) to help clients complete unfinished business and become whole

A. To help clients change irrational thoughts to rational thoughts

Which theories are less concerned with the explanation for personality development and changing personality than they are with describing personality and predicting behavior based on that description? A) trait theories B) behaviorist theories C) archetype theories D) psychodynamic theories

A. Trait theories

A person who is ambitious, time conscious, extremely hardworking, easily annoyed, and tends to have high levels of hostility and anger is said to be exhibiting a ______ personality. A) Type A B) Type S C) Type B D. Type C

A. Type A

Which of the following is a key component of Rogers's person-centered therapy? A) unconditional positive regard B) resistance C) dream interpretation D) cognition

A. Unconditional positive regard

Which of these might be an example of a performance item on the Wechsler intelligence tests? A) using blocks to make a design like one shown in a picture B) defining a word such as lunch C) adding a series of orally presented numbers D) repeating a series of digits

A. Using blocks to make a design like one shown in a picture

The child is toilet trained.

According to Freud and his followers, what is the most significant event that occurs during the anal stage of psychosexual development?

5

According to Freud's theory of personality development, there are ________ stages through which each person must pass.

the Oedipus complex

According to Freud, a boy's sexual attachment to his mother and jealousy of his father is called

mouth

According to Freud, during the first 18 months of life, the dominant source of sensual pleasure is the

oral stage

According to Freud, personality develops through a series of psychosexual stages. During infancy, the psychosexual stage is called the

genital

According to Freud, personality develops through a series of psychosexual stages. The last stage is called the

ego

According to Freud, rationality and logical thinking and reasoning are controlled by the

superego

According to Freud, the ______ acts as our conscience

I

According to Freud, the second part of the personality is the ego, which gets its name from the Latin word for

conversion disorder

After witnessing an accident that killed his daughter, George reports he is blind. Although he bumps into objects at home and elsewhere, he shows lack of concern about his blindness. Specialists have found nothing wrong with the structure or function of his eyes and an MRI reveals no evidence of brain damage. After holding a case conference, a team of professionals suggests that George be evaluated for ________.

projection

Anna is a morally rigorous person who demands that her daughter remain a virgin until she is married. Anna cannot remember her own premarital sexual encounters. Which defense mechanism would likely account for this memory lapse?

token economy

At Skinner Elementary School, teachers pass out "skinner bucks" to students who turn in papers on time, obey the teacher, and finish their homework. The paper "bucks" can be traded in at the end of the week for special treats or game-playing time on the classroom computer. This system most resembles a ________.

Dr. Ting is working with a 16-year old client who presents with the symptoms of a moderate case of depression. As part of his intake session, Dr. Ting learns that his client, Geoff, has suffered from very serious cystic acne for 4 years and is constantly teased by his pears for having such bad skin. On which of the axes would Dr. Ting chart this information? Answer Axis I Axis III Axis V This information should not be charted because it is a medical, not a psychological issue.

Axis III

Dr. Ting is working with a 16-year-old client who presents with the symptoms of a moderate case of depression. As part of his intake session, Dr. Ting learns that his client, Geoff, has suffered from very serious cystic acne for 4 years and is constantly teased by his peers for having such bad skin. On which of the axes would Dr. Ting chart this information? A) Axis I B) Axis III C) This information should not be charted because it is a medical, not a psychological issue. D) Axis V

B) Axis III

Which axis of the DSM-IV-TR contains an overall judgment made by the psychological professional of the person's mental health and adjustment based on a scale from 0 to 100? A) Axis III B) Axis V C) Axis II D) Axis IV

B) Axis V

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the causes of antisocial personality disorder? A) Close biological relatives of people with this disorder are more likely to be diagnosed than those who are not related. B) There is a greater risk of antisocial personality disorder in relatives of people with schizotypal personality disorder. C) Lower than normal levels of stress hormones are linked to emotional unresponsiveness to stressful or threatening situations. D) People with antisocial personality disorder are more likely to have experienced disturbances in family relationships and communication.

B) There is a greater risk of antisocial personality disorder in relatives of people with schizotypal personality disorder.

"Oh my gosh," Sara exclaims as she leaves her biology exam. "I just KNOW that I got number 48 wrong! I just know that I'm going to fail this class." According to a cognitive psychologist, Sara is engaging in which of the following distorted thought processes? A) minimization B) all-or-nothing thinking C) overgeneralization D) magnification

B) all-or-nothing thinking

DeMario's wife, Marta, asks him if he wants some help cutting the grass and weeding the garden. He declines the offer and feels "blue" for the rest of the day because he keeps thinking, "Marta thinks I am getting older and losing my physical abilities." What type of cognitive distortion is involved here? A) selective abstraction B) arbitrary inference C) overgeneralization D) minimization

B) arbitrary inference

Of the five known human sensory systems, which type of hallucination is the most common? A) tactile B) auditory C) gustatory D) visual

B) auditory

Joanna is experiencing severe anxiety. Her psychiatrist attributes her disorder to a chemical imbalance. Her psychiatrist is using the ___________ of abnormality. A) intrapersonal model B) biological model C) behavioral model D) psychoanalytic model

B) biological model

The primary feature of ______ schizophrenia is severe disturbance of motor behavior. A) disorganized B) catatonic C) residual D) paranoid

B) catatonic

Shereen is diagnosed with schizophrenia. She believes that she is a powerful person who can save the world. Shereen is experiencing __________. A) delusions of influence B) delusions of grandeur C) delusions of persecution D) delusions of reference

B) delusions of grandeur

What symptoms of bipolar disorder are present in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder? A) irrational thinking B) hyperactivity C) mania D) depression

B) hyperactivity

According to the cognitive perspective, disordered behavior is the result of _____________. A) chemical imbalances and brain damage B) illogical thinking patterns C) a set of learned responses D) repressed thoughts and memories that try to resurface

B) illogical thinking patterns

Sandy has the tendency to make everything seem so much worse than it actually is. Beck would say that Sandy has a tendency to engage in ___________. A) overgeneralization B) magnification C) minimization D) all-or-nothing-thinking

B) magnification

Description is to assessment as _________ is to prognosis. A) indication B) prediction C) explanation D) control

B) prediction

Linda's house was flooded in a hurricane. Upon losing her home, she had nightmares, disturbed sleep, and anxiety that lasted about two weeks. Linda most likely suffered from ______________. A) catastrophic stress B) acute stress disorder C) external locus of control D) post-traumatic stress disorder

B. Acute stress disorder

Joey put a quarter in the gumball machine only to find that the machine was not working. He continued to turn the dial on the machine in hope that he would retrieve a gumball. Unfortunately, after several minutes of forcefully turning the dial he still did not retrieve a gumball. As a result, he kicked the machine several times. Kicking the machine is an example of ____________. A) varying efforts B) aggression C) persistence D) increasing efforts

B. Aggression

Adelaide hears a rattling sound as she hikes through the desert. Her muscles tense and her blood pressure rises. According to Hans Selye, she is in the___________. A) resistance phase B) alarm phase C) chronic stress phase D) exhaustion phase

B. Alarm phase

Which of the following is the type of conflict that occurs when a person must choose or not choose one goal or event that has both positive and negative aspects? A) approach-approach B) approach-avoidance C) multiple approach-avoidance D) avoidance-avoidance

B. Approach-avoidance

The neo-Freudian, Carl Jung, suggested the existence of a collective unconscious that contains images shared by all people called ______. A) prototypes B) archetypes C) schemas D) paradigms

B. Archetypes

Craig is currently in therapy to help him stop smoking. His therapist is using learning techniques to help him modify his smoking habit and develop more desirable behaviors. Craig's therapist is using________. A) reflection B) behavior modification C) empty chair technique D) selective thinking

B. Behavior modification

The field of _____________ is devoted to the study of just how much of personality is due to inherited traits. A) geometric heredity B) behavioral genetics C) genetic microbiology D) genomanalysis

B. Behavioral genetics

According to Karen Horney, what causes us to develop a neurotic personality? A) failing to adequately resolve the Oedipus complex B) being raised without love, affection, and security C) conflict between the anima and the animus D) getting fixated at the oral stage of development

B. Being raised without love, affection, and security

A patient scheduled to have an operation called a bilateral cingulotomy may have which of the following diagnoses? A) antisocial personality disorder B) bipolar disorder C) panic disorder D) catatonic schizophrenia

B. Bipolar disorder

Membership in a religious organization and regular attendance at religious functions ________________. A) will definitely extend one's life expectancy B) can be a vital part of a person's social support system C) are a psychological defense mechanism D) promote one's cognitive abilities

B. Can be a vital part of a person's social support system

An advantage of group therapy is that it ___________. A) can only be used alone and not in combination with any other form of therapy B) can provide help to individuals who may be unable to afford individual psychotherapy C) can be helpful to individuals who are uncomfortable in social situations D) can be helpful to those who have difficulty speaking in public

B. Can provide help to individuals who may be unable to afford individual psychotherapy

According to Jung, the memories and behavior patterns inherited from past generations are part of the ______. A) persona B) collective unconscious C) alter-ego D) personal unconscious

B. Collective unconscious

__________ measures the amount of stress in a college student's life over a one-year period resulting from major life events. A) University Students Stress Assessment (USSA) B) College Undergraduate Stress Scale (CUSS) C) College Students New Experiences Assessment Scale (CSNEAS) D) Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)

B. College Undergraduate Stress Scale (CUSS)

A _________ is a method of reinforcement that uses a formal written agreement in which the goals for behavioral change, reinforcements, and penalties are clearly stated. A) reciprocal inhibition B) contingency contract C) token economy D) transactional analysis

B. Contingency contract

Which of the following methods of acculturation will most likely result in the lowest degree of acculturative stress? A) living a life that does not depend on adopting any set of values and customs B) developing a new set of values that is a compromise between the old and the new cultures C) rejecting the majority culture's ways and maintaining one's original cultural identity D) completely adopting the values and customs of the new culture

B. Developing a new set of values that is a compromise between the old and the new cultures

A sexual ___________ is a problem with sexual functioning, or the actual physical workings of the sex act. A) deviation B) dysfunction C) shortcoming D) malapropism

B. Dysfunction

Modern psychoanalysts differ from traditional Freudian psychoanalysts in that they focus on the ______ as a motivating force of behavior, and they favor ______ their patients. A) ego; sitting behind and passively listening to B) ego; face-to-face discussions with C) id; sitting behind and passively listening to D) id; face-to-face discussions with

B. Ego; face-to-face discussions with

Cassie is diagnosed with severe depression. Her psychiatrist has prescribed many medications and psychotherapy, all of which have not seemed to alleviate her depression. Her psychiatrist is now recommending _________. A) prefrontal lobotomy B) electroconvulsive therapy C) trephining D) relaxation training and meditation

B. Electroconvulsive therapy

Edgar is learning deep-breathing techniques to reduce anxiety about having been robbed at knifepoint. This is an example of__________________. A) avoidance B) emotion-focused coping C) problem-focused coping D) reappraisal

B. Emotion-focused coping

In which stage of the general adaptation syndrome has the body reached the limits of its ability to adapt to stress, which may result in the development of stress-related diseases? A) alarm B) exhaustion C) resistance D) collapse

B. Exhaustion

Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement regarding Berkowitz's frustration-aggression hypothesis? A) Aggression will not follow frustration unless certain external cues are present. B) Frustration always leads to aggression. C) Frustration creates an internal readiness to aggress. D) Frustration does not always lead to aggression.

B. Frustration always leads to aggression

Charles Spearman believed that intelligence is composed of ____________. A) crystallized and visual-motor abilities B) general intelligence and specific abilities C) analytical, creative, and practical intelligence D) verbal and mathematical abilities

B. General intelligence and specific abilities

The tendency to form a favorable or unfavorable impression of someone at the first meeting is called the _____________. A) interview bias B) halo effect C) bias effect D) subject bias effect

B. Halo effect

Tad seems to thrive when faced with difficult challenges and usually feels in control of his life. He would probably be labeled a ________ personality. A) stressed B) hardy C) Type B D) Type C

B. Hardy

Some drugs that combat depression work by____________. A) increasing the amount of acetylcholine in the brain B) increasing the amount of serotonin in the brain C) inhibiting the function of the medulla and the pons D) blocking dopamine receptors in the brain

B. Increasing the amount of serotonin in the brain

A therapist is interested in helping her client get a clearer understanding of his motives and actions. This therapist is most likely to be a/an ____________. A) biomedical therapist B) insight therapist C) action therapist D) relationship therapist

B. Insight therapist

An investigation of students' housing preferences would probably show that single rooms are preferred by _______whereas suites are preferred by _______. A) good students; poor students B) introverts; extraverts C) extraverts; introverts D) poor students; good students

B. Introverts; extraverts

In late 2004, the FDA began requiring drug manufacturers to include a "black box" warning for all antidepressants that says the medication ____________. A) may cause schizophrenia in children and adolescents B) is associated with an increased risk of suicide in children and adolescents C) should be taken only after meals D) may cause heart attacks in children and adolescents

B. Is associated with an increased risk of suicide in children and adolescents

Which of the following is one of the criticisms of behavior therapy? A) It focuses too much on the past. B) It only relieves some symptoms of schizophrenia but does not treat the overall disorder. C) Therapy typically lasts for several years and is very expensive. D) It focuses on the underlying cause of behavior and not the symptoms.

B. It only relieves some symptoms of schizophrenia but does not treat the overall disorder

Which of the following statements is criticism that one might legitimately make about the humanistic perspective of personality? A) it's concept of womb envy cannot be empirically validated. B) it paints too rosy a picture of humanity, ignoring negative aspects of human nature. C) it spends way too much time looking at unconscious determinants of behaviors. D) it relies far too much on the influence of environments

B. It paints to rosy a picture of humanity, ignoring negative aspects of human nature

What did Terman's groundbreaking study of gifted children accomplish? A) It proved that gifted children and adults are more prone to mental illnesses or odd behavior than other groups. B) It put to rest the myths that existed about genius in the early part of the twentieth century. C) It demonstrated genius is the only factor that influences real success in life. D) It demonstrated that they also have more than their share of failures.

B. It put to rest the myths that existed about genius in the early part of the twentieth century

Jill is an 8-year-old girl who is having a birthday party. According to Freud, since Jill is in the latency period, whom would you expect to be at her party? A) mostly boys B) mostly girls C) mostly male parents who look like her father D) mostly parents

B. Mostly girls

In the classic sitcom The Odd Couple, it was amazing that Oscar and Felix got along because Oscar was such a slob and Felix was so obsessively neat. From a Freudian perspective, what could be said about the way these two men made it through the anal stage of development? A) Oscar had an anal retentive personality and Felix had an anal expulsive personality. B) Oscar had an anal expulsive personality and Felix had an anal retentive personality. C) Both Oscar and Felix were anally fixated. D) All of the above are correct.

B. Oscar had an anal expulsive personality and Felix had an anal retentive personality

Carl Jung's term for the part of our personality that Freud referred to as the unconscious was the _____________. A) archetype B) personal unconscious C) collective unconscious D) animus

B. Personal unconcious

According to Freud, the stage in which children develop a marked attachment to the parent of the opposite sex and become jealous of the same-sex parent is the ______. A) oral stage B) phallic stage C) anal stage D) genital stage

B. Phallic stage

Jacob's father has always wanted him to be a lawyer. He has encouraged him to get good grades, graduate college earlier than his peers, and work as hard as he can. Jacob does not care about going to law school, but he does so to please his father. Jacob is responding to ______. A) cognitive dissonance B) pressure C) anxiety D) overload

B. Pressure

Tony has devised a test in which people look at clouds and talk about what they see. What type of test would psychologists call this? A) dynamic B) projective C) predictive D) objective

B. Projective

A person who has suffered a major stroke and is now experiencing severe personality problems because of the damage would BEST be advised to see a _____________ because this problem appears to have a significant medical component to it. A) psychiatric social worker B) psychiatrist C) cognitive psychologist D) psychologist

B. Psychiatrist

One of the most startling implications of Selye's theory is that ________. A) sensitivity to stress is genetically programmed B) psychological stress may cause diseases such as ulcers and high blood pressure C) self-actualization tendencies lead to severe stress D) most people are able to effectively cope with long-term stress

B. Psychological stress may cause diseases such as ulcers and high blood pressure

What did Raymond Cattell call the underlying traits that direct surface traits? A) secondary traits B) source traits C) background traits D) subordinate traits

B. Source traits

Which of the following statements best encapsulates the relationship between stress and physical illness according to psychoneuroimmunologists? A) Stress causes high blood pressure, heart disease, and cancer. B) Stress compromises the body's immune system, leaving a person vulnerable to illness. C) Stress increases the production of natural killer cells, which causes cell death and leads to illness. D) Stress has no direct relationship to physical illness, though physicians tell us that these things are related so that we will be more willing to take unnecessary medications.

B. Stress compromises the body's immune system, leaving a person vulnerable to illness

Hippocrates maintained that mental illness was__________. A) curable through exorcism B) only in the mind of the beholder C) caused by imbalances of vital body fluids D) caused by supernatural forces

C) caused by imbalances of vital body fluids

Which of the following statements describes the relationship between temperament and personality? A) Personality, which we are born with, is the basis upon which one's temperament is built. B) Temperament, which we are born with, is the basis upon which one's personality is built. C) Temperament and personality are the exact same thing. D) Temperament refers to negative personal characteristics, while personality refers to positive personal characteristics.

B. Temperament, which we are born with, is the basis upon which one's personality is build

Beliefs that being gifted or a genius lead to being weird, socially awkward, or more likely to suffer from mental illnesses were put to rest by ___________. A) the development of the WAIS tests by Wechsler B) Terman's longitudinal study of 1,528 gifted children C) the Army Alpha tests study D) Binet's development of the concept of IQ

B. Terman's longitudinal study of 1,528 gifted children

Researchers conducted a study to determine the effects of stress on the immune system by measuring immune system chemicals. To accomplish this goal, they compared college students who were undergoing a stressful series of exams to a group of similar students relaxing during a time of no classes and no exams. Results of this study indicate_____________. A) the relaxed group showed no change over the course of the study B) the exam group tested lower for immune system chemicals C) the exam group tested higher for immune system chemicals D) the relaxed group tested lower for immune system chemicals

B. The exam group tested lower for immune system chemicals

According to the Consumer Reports survey, which of the following is accurate? A) Group therapy is more effective than individual therapy in treating a wide range of disorders. B) The longer a person stays in therapy, the greater the improvement. C) Individual psychotherapy works best for every type of disorder. D) Overall psychotherapy without drugs is not as effective as psychotherapy with drugs.

B. The longer a person stays in therapy, the greater the improvement.

Which of the following is an advantage of person-centered therapy? A) Clients do not need to be verbal. B) The therapist does not run the risk of having his or her words misinterpreted by the client. C) It is one of the best approaches for treating serious disorders. D) There is too much empirical research about it.

B. The therapist does not run the risk of having his or her words misinterpreted by the client

Which of the following is an advantage of cognitive and cognitive-behavioral therapies? A) The therapist decides which of the client's beliefs are rational and which are irrational. B) They are less expensive and short term than typical insight therapies. C) They treat the underlying cause of the problem. D) Clients do not need to be verbal.

B. They are less expensive and short term than typical insight therapies

What is one criticism of projective tests? A) They fail to take into account differences in the testing environments. B) They have low validity and reliability. C) They are too simple in their administration and scoring. D) They are inappropriate for use with children.

B. They have low validity and reliability

Which was NOT a finding of the Terman and Oden (1974) study of gifted kids? A) They were above average in weight, height, and physical attractiveness. B) They were clearly much more likely to be females. C) They were more resistant to mental illness. D) They were socially well adjusted.

B. They were clearly much more likely to be females

The behavior of patients with chronic schizophrenia living in mental institutions has been successfully modified through the use of ______. A) negative reinforcement B) token economy C) systematic desensitization D) reality therapy

B. Token economy

If Drew is practicing a relaxation technique called receptive meditation, he is most likely_______. A) focusing on the sound of his breathing B) trying to expand consciousness outward C) sleeping D) using biofeedback equipment

B. Trying to expand consciousness outward

Kirima has her doctorate in health psychology. Which of the following research questions might she be most likely to investigate? A) Are men or women better drivers? B) Why are college students more prone to doing drugs when they take harder classes? C) What is the relationship between one's ethnicity and their political affiliation? D) What is the relationship between a person's age and the number of years it takes them to get an undergraduate degree?

B. Why are college students more prone to doing drugs when they take harder classes?

Which of the following statements is NOT true about hassles at different developmental stages? A) For children ages 3 to 5, the biggest hassle is getting teased. B) Younger adults are more strongly affected by hassles such as going shopping, doctor's appointments, and bad weather than are elderly people. C) Youth 11 to 15 years old report feeling pressure to use drugs. D) Elderly people are more strongly affected by hassles such as going shopping, doctor's appointments, and bad weather than are children and younger adults.

B. Younger adults are more strongly affected by hassles such as going shopping, doctor's appointments, and bad weather than are elderly people.

One reason people tend to believe in pseudo personality tests is because they have "something for everyone." This is called the _____.

Barnum Effect

This is the study of the extent to which behavioral differences are due to genetics rather than the environment.

Behavioral genetics

The _____ approach represents a blending of several theories of personality.

Biopsychosocial

bill was admitted to the hospital last week after he fell. when bill's son visited, he found his father was unable to get words out in a smooth, connected fashion. if bill's difficulty speaking is due to brain damage, what is the likely location of the damage?

Broca's area

What is the best analogy for Wundt's and Titchener's mission for psychology? A) a computer program for word processing a term paper B) a list of the courses required for graduation C) a chart listing the basic chemical elements D) a list of the types of clothing sold at a retail outlet

C) a chart listing the basic chemical elements

An anxiety disorder that involves a fear of interacting with others or being in a social situation is called ______. A) agoraphobia B) generalized anxiety disorder C) a social phobia D) a specific phobia

C) a social phobia

What was the most likely outcome for a person who was mentally ill and accused of being a witch during the Renaissance? A) exile from society B) treatment C) death by hanging, burning, stoning, or drowning D) exorcism

C) death by hanging, burning, stoning, or drowning

The goals of psychology are to _____. A) explore the conscious and unconscious functions of the human mind B) improve psychological well-being in all individuals from birth until death C) describe, understand, predict, and control behavior D) understand, compare, and analyze human behavior

C) describe, understand, predict, and control behavior

Saleem has been seeing a therapist because she cannot adjust to her new husband's children from a previous marriage. Although she dearly loves her husband, she feels awkward and embarrassed in front of the children. The therapist suggests that she bring her husband and his children with her to the next session so she can see them interact. Saleem is probably seeing a ______. A) Gestalt therapist B) behavior therapist C) family therapist D) psychoanalyst

C) family therapist

Which of the following paraphilias is correctly defined? A) sadism - arousal by observing an unsuspecting person B) masochism - arousal by having sex with animals C) frotteurism - arousal by rubbing up against an unsuspecting person D) voyeurism - arousal by witnessing the suffering of another person

C) frotteurism - arousal by rubbing up against an unsuspecting person

You are a psychologist who is evaluating the behavior of a new client. The client tells you that he does not like to wear clothing and that he walks around nude most of the time. In addition, he tells you that he lives in a society in which clothing is required and nudity is seen as abnormal. Which of the following is NOT a criterion by which you evaluate your client's behavior as abnormal? A) social norm deviance B) statistical definition C) subjective discomfort D) maladaptive

C) subjective discomfort

Most researchers who study the role of race and IQ testing have concluded that ______________. A) the issue should not be studied because of its disruptive nature to society B) none of these C) although differences between ethnic and racial groups on standardized IQ tests may be demonstrated, the more likely factor in this difference is environmental D) there are strong genetically based differences between ethnic and racial groups in the area of IQ test performance

C. Although differences between ethnic and racial groups on standardized IQ tests may be demonstrated, the more likely factor in this difference is environmental

Jenny has an intense interest in food but eats sparingly and with disgust. She has an intense fear of becoming obese, and even though she looks emaciated, she still claims she "feels fat" and refuses to eat enough to maintain even a minimal normal body weight for her frame. She is most likely suffering from __________. A) leptin reduction B) hormone under secretion C) anorexia nervosa D) bulimia

C. Anorexia nerviosa

For someone who likes both movies and concerts, choosing between going to one or the other represents an ______ conflict. A) incompatible demands B) approach-avoidance C) approach-approach D) avoidance-avoidance

C. Approach-approach

An advantage to group therapy is that groups ______. A) bestow unconditional approval on group members B) allow an extremely shy person to feel more comfortable speaking up C) are a source of social support D) allow countertransference to occur

C. Are a source of social support

Every time Jarrad opens his cigarette case or uses his lighter, he gets a painful electric shock. Jarrad's friends and family have been asked not to give him any cigarettes or light any cigarettes for him, so he must use his own lighter if he wants to smoke. Eventually, Jarrad loses his desire to smoke, thanks to ______. A) behavioral contracting B) negative transference C) aversion conditioning D) systematic desensitization

C. Aversion conditioning

Therapeutic approaches that are based on the belief that all normal and abnormal behavior is learned are ______ therapies. A) traditional psychodynamic B) cognitive C) behavior D) short-term psychodynamic

C. Behavior

The negative changes in thoughts, emotions, and behavior as a result of prolonged stress or frustration are called__________. A) eustress B) epidemiology C) burnout D) dysphoria

C. Burnout

Therapies that focus on the present and assume that people observe the world and the people around them, make assumptions and inferences based on these observations, and then decide how to respond is called___________. A) person-centered therapy B) Gestalt therapy C) cognitive-behavioral therapy D) behavior therapy

C. Cognitive-behavioral therapy

Which defense mechanism was a prominent part in both Adler's and Horney's theories? A) intellectualization B) suppression C) compensation D) rationalization

C. Compensation

Carl Rogers believed people question themselves and experience negative effects on their self-concept when they receive ______. A) unconditional positive regard B) unconditional esteem C) conditional positive regard D) conditional esteem

C. Conditional positive regard

Beck's cognitive therapy is particularly effective in the treatment of ______. A) somatoform disorders B) anxiety disorders C) depression D) schizophrenia

C. Depression

Which of the following are considered emotional, as opposed to mental, symptoms of stress? A) eating too much, smoking or drinking more than usual, hitting people, or throwing things B) sleeping irregularity, frequent colds, nausea C) depression, fear, anger D) difficulty making decisions, loss of sense of humor, difficulty concentrating on tasks

C. Depression, fear, anger

_________ occurs when people experience unpleasant stressors. A) Catastrophic stress B) Eustress C) Distress D) Acute stress

C. Distress

Matthew compares his performance at work with that of a co-worker who is less competent than himself. When he engages in this behavior, he feels better and experiences a boost to his self-esteem. Matthew is using______ to maintain an optimistic outlook. A) alternative thinking B) relaxation C) downward social comparison D) scapegoating

C. Downward social comparison

The superego develops ____________. A) at birth B) during adolescence C) during the preschool years D) during infancy

C. During the preschool years

A treatment for severe depression in which an electric shock is delivered to the patient, resulting in a seizure of the body and the release of a flood of neurotransmitters in the brain, is called____________. A) trephining B) relaxation training and meditation C) electroconvulsive therapy D) prefrontal lobotomy

C. Electroconvulsive therapy

The person-centered therapist has to be able to acknowledge and understand what the client is feeling and experiencing. This process is referred to as ________________. A) catharsis B) unconditional positive regard C) empathy D) conditions of worth

C. Empathy

_________ is the optimal amount of stress that people need to promote health and well-being. A) Distress B) Catastrophic stress C) Eustress D) Acute stress

C. Eustress

Which technique removes a reinforcer to reduce the frequency of a behavior? A) systematic desensitization B) punishment C) extinction D) negative reinforcement

C. Extinction

Most standardized tests of intelligence have a distribution of scores that _________. A) has a negative skew B) has a positive skew C) follows the normal curve D) appears bimodal with two peaks of high frequency

C. Follows the normal curve

Family counseling is a form of ______ therapy. A) organic B) informal C) group D) self-help

C. Group

During the alarm stage of the general adaptation syndrome, all of the following EXCEPT _______________ are reactions that can be seen. A) headaches B) nausea C) hemorrhaging D) fever

C. Hemorrhaging

Your teacher organizes a debate on Freudian theory. You are assigned to be on the anti-Freud side and,therefore, must point out problems in the theory. Which of the following would be a reasonable argument for you to make? A) Parents have little influence on their children's motives. B) Defense mechanisms actually increase anxiety. C) His interpretations of what his patients told him were ambiguous. D) Psychoanalytic therapy is effective for treating psychotics only.

C. His interpretations of what his patients told him were ambiguous

In negative transference, the patient transfers his negative feelings for ______. A) himself onto his parents B) his parents onto himself C) his parents onto his analyst D) his analyst onto his parent

C. His parents onto his analyst

Which theory of personality was a direct reaction against the psychoanalytic and behaviorist perspectives? A) trait perspective B) projective perspective C) humanistic perspective D) inventory perspective

C. Humanistic perspective

"Children who watch violent cartoons will become more aggressive." According to the scientific method, this statement is most likely a ____________. A) conclusion B) result C) hypothesis D) fact

C. Hypothesis

For Freud, the seething cauldron of unconscious urges and desires continuously seeking expression is the ________. A) persona B) ego C) id D) superego

C. Id

A parent wishes to stop her young son from throwing temper tantrums. You suggest she use extinction and advise her to___________. A) spank her son whenever he throws a tantrum B) physically restrain her son when he throws a tantrum C) ignore the tantrums and pay attention to her son only when he is calm D) give her son a gold star and a hug whenever he is calm

C. Ignore the tantrums and pay attention to her son only when he is calm

A goal of family therapy is to ______. A) identify and treat the person in the family who is the source of the majority of the family's problems B) change the needs of individual family members C) improve family communication and interaction D) teach family members to remain neutral on sensitive issues

C. Improve family communication and interaction

Bettina is 6 feet tall and desires to become a ballerina. Unfortunately, she is having difficulty being accepted into a ballet troupe because of her height. Bettina is experiencing __________. A) internal conflict B) external frustration C) internal frustration D) external conflict

C. Internal frustration

Which of the following is a barrier to effective therapy when the cultural backgrounds of the client and therapist are different? A) age B) clothing C) language D) gender

C. Language

What do behavior therapists see as the cause of abnormal or undesirable behaviors? A) discrepancy between the real self and ideal self B) distortions in thinking C) learning D) unconscious conflicts

C. Learning

The _______control one has, the _______the degree of stress. A) less; lower B) Control has nothing to do with stress. C) less; greater D) more; greater

C. Less; greater

Which of the following individuals would be considered a good candidate for humanistic therapy? A) Pasha, who is unable to verbally express her thoughts and feelings B) Kaleem, who suffers from a severe psychotic disorder C) Lou, who is seeking a career change D) Mary, who is extremely withdrawn

C. Lou, who is seeking a career change

Min-Jee is currently very concerned about a recent increase in fighting among her family members. When talking with her therapist, she notes that this has been her biggest concern lately. According to the research into the severity of different hassles, which of the following statements is probably true about Min-Jee's age? A) Min-Jee is an adolescent B) Min-Jee is elderly C) Min-Jee is an adult D) Min-Jee is 4 years old

C. Min-Jee is an adult

All the following are projective tests EXCEPT the ______________. A) Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) B) Rorschach test C) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) D) House-Tree-Person Test

C. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

According to Freud, during the first 18 months of life, the dominant source of sensual pleasure is the ______. A) anus B) hands C) mouth D) genitals

C. Mouth

Carl Rogers's person-centered approach is considered ________ because the client actually does all the real work, with the therapist merely acting as a sounding board. A) behavioral B) cognitive C) nondirective D) directive

C. Nondirective

According to Freud, personality develops through a series of psychosexual stages. The last stage is called the ___________. A) latency stage B) anal stage C) phallic stage D) genital stage

D. Genital stage

Which individual is most likely to experience acculturative stress? A) Mary who is switching jobs from manufacturing to the service industry B) Min-Shek who is leaving home for the first time to attend the state college 100 miles away C) Oladipo who has moved from Nigeria to the United States D) Joie who has moved from New York to Boston

C. Oladipo who has moved from Nigeria to the United States

Sexual problems that result from physical causes are referred to as _________. A) stress dysfunctions B) cellular erectile difficulties C) organic dysfunctions D) hormonal deficit dysfunctions

C. Organic dysfunctions

In the classic sitcom The Odd Couple, it was amazing that Oscar and Felix got along because Oscar was such a slob and Felix was so obsessively neat. From a Freudian perspective, what could be said about the way these two men made it through the anal stage of development? A) Neither Oscar nor Felix were anally fixated. They just had different personalities. B) Oscar was anally fixated, but Felix was not. C) Oscar and Felix were both anally fixated, but in different ways. D) Felix was anally fixated, but Oscar was not.

C. Oscar and Felix were both anally fixate, but in different ways

One contributing factor for the increasing rise of road rage is ____________. A) integration B) acculturation C) overcrowding D) assimilating

C. Overcrowding

The first response that people typically make to frustration is_________. A) aggression B) varying efforts C) persistence D) increasing efforts

C. Persistence

The Freudian stage in which boys must resolve the Oedipus complex is the ______ stage. A) oral B) anal C) phallic D) genital

C. Phallic

On a newly developed IQ test, an individual scores at the 110 level on the first half of the test, and 150 on the second half of the test. What does this test appear to lack? A) appropriate norms B) standardization C) reliability D) predictive validity

C. Reliability

During free association, a patient may become unwilling to talk about certain topics. What term would a psychoanalyst use to describe this change in the patient's willingness to verbalize? A) reactance B) insight C) resistance D) transference

C. Resistance

Which of the following concepts is NOT found in the humanistic perspective of personality? A) personal freedom of choice B) each person is unique C) self-efficacy D) self-actualization

C. Self-efficacy

ECT (Electroconvulsive Shock Therapy) is used to treat ___________. A) phobic disorders B) schizophrenia C) severe depression D) bipolar disorder

C. Severe depression

According to Rogers, which of the following people is MOST likely to become a fully functioning person? A) someone with a strongly developed superego B) someone with an extraverted personality C) someone brought up with unconditional positive regard D) someone brought up with conditional positive regard

C. Someone brought up with an unconditional positive regard

You are quite hungry but don't have a dime to your name. If you were described as "all id and only id'" what would you do? A) Use the defense mechanism of denial to thwart the hunger pangs until an appropriate meal can be obtained. B) Distract yourself with images of food. C) Steal a hot dog from the vendor on the corner. D) Run all the way home to get something to eat as soon as possible.

C. Steal a hot dog from the vendor on the corner

The most extreme form of escape or withdrawal from frustration is ________. A) divorce B) leaving the country C) suicide D) anhedonia

C. Suicide

In the metaphor the angel, the devil, and me, the angel is the ____________. A) unconscious B) id C) superego D) ego

C. Superego

Research on the effects of stress on the immune system suggests which of the following? A) Only certain types of stressors affect the immune system. B) The immune system is not affected by stress. C) Suppression of immune system functioning by stress can apparently continue even after the stress itself is over. D) Suppression of immune system functioning by stress always ends immediately after the stressful period ends.

C. Suppression of immune system functioning by stress can apparently continue even after the stress itself is over

The first true longitudinal study of the effects of giftedness on social success was conducted by ______________. A) Wechsler B) Binet C) Terman D) Merill

C. Terman

Culture-fair tests attempt to measure ______. A) cultural background B) the intelligence of people coming from inside the culture in which the test was devised C) the intelligence of people coming from outside the culture in which the test was devised D) the effects of culture on people's intellectual and creative skills

C. The intelligence of people coming from outside the culture in which the test was devised

Which of the following statements is a claim often made by critics of projective testing? A) These tests create anxiety in those being tested. B) These tests are effective in predicting job performance. C) The interpretation of projective tests is too subjective. D) People try to answer questions in ways that make them look better than they are.

C. The interpretation of projective tests is too subjective

During the alarm stage of the general adaptation syndrome,_________. A) synaptic activity and the somatic nervous system activate to send messages from the CNS to muscles B) the central and somatic systems are activated C) the sympathetic nervous system is activated and adrenal glands release hormones D) neurotransmitter levels and the central nervous system are activated

C. The sympathetic nervous system is activated and adrenal glands release hormones

Which psychological test asks the subject to tell a story based on a picture of one or more people in which it is unclear what is going on? A) Rorschach test B) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) C) Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) D) California Psychological Inventory (CPI)

C. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

One of the dangers of taking online personality tests is ____________. A) there is a small normative group B) they are all invalid C) there is no face-to-face contact to help put the results in perspective D) there are too few of them

C. There is no face-to-face contact to help put the results in perspective

Which of the following is one of the criticisms of cognitive and cognitive-behavioral therapies? A) They are too expensive. B) Therapy typically lasts for several years. C) They treat the symptom not the cause of the problem. D) They focus too much on the past.

C. They treat the symptom not the cause of the problem

What is one purpose of the validity scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, Version II (MMPI-2)? A) to assess levels of current stressors B) to distinguish items that incorrectly diagnose from those that correctly diagnose an individual C) to detect tendencies of test takers to present themselves in a favorable light D) to check the appropriateness of a particular diagnosis

C. To detect tendencies of test takers to present themselves in a favorable light

conditional positive regard

Carl Rogers believed people question themselves and experience negative effects on their self-concept when they receive

nondirective

Carl Rogers's person-centered approach is considered ________ because the client actually does all the real work, with the therapist merely acting as a sounding board.

According to Freud, the thoughts and information that you are currently aware of, or remembering, is called your _____.

Conscious

The class is playing a game of Jeopardy! and it is your turn. "I'll take Pioneers in Psychology for $50." The revealed answer is "Focused on unconscious factors and relied on the case study method." Just before the buzzer sounds, what will you say? A) "Who are the behaviorists?" B) "Who are the humanists?" C) "Who is B. F. Skinner?" D) "Who is Sigmund Freud?"

D) "Who is Sigmund Freud?"

Which of the following pieces of evidence support the inclusion of a social component in a model of illness? A) General declines in psychological functioning are seen during economic downturns. B) African Americans are more likely than whites to be hospitalized involuntarily for psychological disorders. C) Schizophrenia is diagnosed more frequently among lower SES individuals than among middle or high SES individuals. D) All of these support the inclusion of a social component.

D) All of these support the inclusion of a social component.

With respect to potential gender differences in the prevalence of personality disorders, which of the following statements is true? A) Both borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder are seen just as often in one gender as they are in the other. B) Both borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder are most often seen in men. C) Both borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder are most often seen in women. D) Borderline personality disorder is most often seen in women. Antisocial personality disorder is most often diagnosed in men.

D) Borderline personality disorder is most often seen in women. Antisocial personality disorder is most often diagnosed in men.

Dr. Nwoambi is a psychologist who is currently evaluating a new client. Dr. Nwoambi would most likely refer to the _________ to assist her in diagnosing her client's psychological disorder. A) Textbook of Psychological Disorders B) Physician's Desk Reference C) Textbook of Physiological Disorders D) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

D) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Alex has an intense, unwarranted fear of dogs. Bailey feels driven to wash her hands repeatedly. Callista is plagued by chronic, debilitating worry. Doran sometimes feels dizzy and short of breath; he feels as if he might die. Which of these individuals is CORRECTLY matched with the anxiety disorder he or she displays? A) Alex - generalized anxiety disorder B) Bailey - phobic disorder C) Callista - obsessive-compulsive disorder D) Doran - panic disorder

D) Doran - panic disorder

________ has been used successfully in helping children who have a fear of going to the dentist, social withdrawal, obsessive-compulsive behaviors, and phobias. A) Voyeurism B) Transference C) Empathy D) Modeling

D) Modeling

Which of the following mood disorder terms is CORRECTLY paired with a description? A) mania - a severe state impairing concentration, decision making, and sociability B) bipolar disorder - a prolonged state of intense elation C) major depression - alternating periods of depression and mania D) None of these is correctly paired.

D) None of these is correctly

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the causes of antisocial personality disorder? A) People with antisocial personality disorder are more likely to have experienced disturbances in family relationships and communication. B) Close biological relatives of people with this disorder are more likely to be diagnosed than those who are not related. C) Lower than normal levels of stress hormones are linked to emotional unresponsiveness to stressful or threatening situations. D) There is a greater risk of antisocial personality disorder in relatives of people with schizotypal personality disorder.

D) There is a greater risk of antisocial personality disorder in relatives of people with schizotypal personality disorder.

Which of the following statements represents the cognitive-learning theorist's view of personality disorders? A) They are due to an inadequate resolution of the Oedipus complex. B) They are due to disturbances in family relationships. C) They have physiological causes. D) They are a type of learned behavior.

D) They are a type of learned behavior.

What is the name of the culture-bound syndrome that results from a perceived insult and is followed by a period of brooding and then a violent outburst during which the person may attack others and not remember doing so? A) susto B) taijin-kyofu-sho C) ghost sickness D) amok

D) amok

Which model of abnormality views abnormal behavior as the result of illogical thinking? A) psychoanalytic B) biological C) behavioral D) cognitive

D) cognitive

Liza has an anxiety disorder. She is currently seeing a therapist who believes that anxiety disorders are a result of illogical, irrational thought processes. Liza is probably seeking treatment from a_____________. A) psychoanalyst B) behaviorial psychologist C) psychologist with a biological perspective D) cognitive psychologist

D) cognitive psychologist

In positive transference, the patient may transfer her positive feelings for ______. A) herself onto her parents B) her analyst onto herself C) her parents onto herself D) her parents onto her analyst

D. Her parents onto her analyst

If a functionalist from the 1870s were alive today, where would we most likely find him? A) in a sleep laboratory, trying to determine if our need for sleep is biologically based B) in a laboratory, studying principles of perception C) in a mountain retreat, contemplating the meaning of life D) in a school, working to improve teaching methods

D) in a school, working to improve teaching methods

Severe depression that comes on suddenly and seems to have no external cause is called ______. A) hypomania B) dysthymia C) bipolar disorder D) major depression

D) major depression

A cognitive therapist is working with a depressed client. Which of the following causes is the likely focus of this therapist's intervention? A) learned behaviors of depression B) a superego that is too harsh and strict C) unusual levels of neurotransmitters D) negative interpretations of life events

D) negative interpretations of life events

Jessie becomes furious when her favorite hockey player is intentionally hurt by an opponent. According to Freud's model of the mind, her id would unconsciously say _________. A) "I'm going to tear this program in half!" B) "What, me angry? I never get angry" C) "Thou shalt not kill" D) "I'm so angry I could kill that player"

D. "I'm so angry I could kill that player"

People began measuring intelligence through tests roughly__________ years ago. A) 200 B) 500 C) 50 D) 100

D. 100

Eileen goes to a therapist for help in losing weight. She and her therapist develop a written agreement spelling out weekly step-by-step methods for Eileen to use in order to reach her weight goal. The plan specifies rewards for reaching weekly goals and penalties for not achieving them. Eileen's therapist is using which of the following methods? A) a token economy B) desensitization C) classical conditioning D) a contingency contract

D. A contingency contract

When Anna looks at some modern artwork at the museum, she often thinks she sees human figures or faces and likes to make up stories about them. When she tells the stories to her friend, her friend says that the stories reflect Anna's unconscious thoughts. In psychological terms, what Anna does is most similar to ______. A) an objective test B) behavior sampling C) classical conditioning D) a projective test

D. A projective test

All of the following are sources of stress EXCEPT______. A) pressure B) uncontrollability C) frustration D) aggression

D. Aggression

People who are depressed and may be suicidal often suffer from_____, a condition in which the person has lost the ability to experience pleasure. A) learned helplessness B) irritability C) neural numbness D) anhedonia

D. Anhedonia

Which of the following types of medications are used to treat mania? A) ativan B) antianxiety C) antitypical D) anticonvulsant

D. Anticonvulsant

Which of the following techniques would be most appropriate for treating overeating or smoking? A) systematic desensitization B) token economy C) flooding D) aversion therapy

D. Aversion therapy

Which of the following traits is associated with people who live to be very old? A) inflexibility B) aggressiveness C) tenseness D) being easygoing

D. Being easygoing

Lulu sees a professional once a month to manage the medication she is taking to help alleviate the symptoms of her anxiety disorder. The type of therapy Lulu is undergoing is called ______________. A) electroconvulsive shock therapy B) physical therapy C) psychotherapy D) biomedical therapy

D. Biomedical therapy

Alice takes lithium to control symptoms of her mental disorder. Alice is most likely suffering from A) generalized anxiety disorder B) schizophrenia C) social phobia D) bipolar disorder

D. Bipolar disorder

Sigmund Freud proposed that little boys' fears that their fathers may retaliate against them for forbidden sexual and aggressive impulses may lead to ________. A) castration phobia. B) penis anxiety C) penis envy D) castration anxiety

D. Castration anxiety

You are a psychologist working with a new client, an immigrant from China, who is experiencing adjustment problems due to stress. Which of the following are you first going to consider when assessing your client's ability to cope? A) ability to use biofeedback equipment B) psychological defense mechanisms C) meditative strategies D) cultural background

D. Cultural background

Gestalt therapy is considered ________ because the therapist leads the client through a number of planned exercises as well as confronts the client's statements. A) cognitive B) nondirective C) behavioral D) directive

D. Directive

What is Freud's term for the executive of the personality that has a realistic plan for obtaining gratification of an individual's desires? A) id B) preconscious C) superego D) ego

D. Ego

The job of the _________ is to find practical ways for the _________ to get its pleasure needs met without offending the morality of the ________. A) superego; id; ego B) id; ego, superego C) ego; superego; id D) ego; id; superego

D. Ego; id; superego

Which person might benefit the MOST from a group therapy environment? A) Richard, who is withdrawn B) Suzanne, who has schizophrenia C) Jasmine, who is uncomfortable in social settings D) Elena, who is very sociable

D. Elena, who is very sociable

Which neo-Freudian theorist believed social relationships were the key to understanding personality? A) Carl Rogers B) Alfred Adler C) Carl Jung D) Erik Erikson

D. Erik Erikson

Which of the following is correct concerning cross-cultural studies on trait theories? A) No evidence has been found to support these theories. B) Most cultural research methods are too vague to be validated. C) Research in this area is too new to report any findings. D) Evidence for the five trait dimensions has been found in several cultures.

D. Evidence for the five trait dimensions has been found in several cultures

A theory of intelligence with nine components was postulated by ________. A) Terman B) Sternberg C) Spearman D) Gardner

D. Gardner

Which type A personality characteristic is the key trait that is linked to heart disease? A) compulsiveness B) competitiveness C) chronic irritability D) hostility

D. Hostility

According to Hofstede's dimensions of cultural personality, cultures that are __________ are assertive and competitive. A) collectivistic B) high in uncertainty avoidance C) high in power distance D) masculine

D. Masculine

Tien is an Asian male who is in the process of selecting a therapist. Which of the following therapists is Tien most likely to select? A) Lonnie and Lenny male and female co-therapists B) Kim, an Asian female therapist C) Blair, a Caucasian female therapist D) Mason, a male Asian therapist

D. Mason, a male Asian therapist

As part of the initial screening for possible employment, a nuclear power company administers a psychological test that yields scores on tendencies toward depression, schizophrenia, and excessive worrying. What is the name of this psychological test? A) Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) B) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator C) Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Adults (WAIS) D) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), Version II

D. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), Version II

Travis is a participant in the X-games every year, which features events that are high flying and exhilarating to watch or participate in, but also very dangerous to the competitors. Because Travis is willing to take chances with his health to get the adrenaline rush from these sorts of events, Costa and McCrae would argue that he ranks high on which of the five factors? A) conscientiousness B) neuroticism C) extraversion D) openness

D. Openness

What is the correct sequence of Freud's psychosexual stages? A) anal, oral, latency, phallic, genital B) oral, genital, latency, phallic, anal C) latency, anal, oral, genital, phallic D) oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

D. Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

Free association is a technique used in ______ therapy. A) rational-emotive B) Gestalt C) person-centered D) psychoanalytic

D. Psychoanalytic

Prefrontal lobotomy is one form of ______. A) drug therapy B) EST C) shock treatment D) psychosurgery

D. Psychosurgery

The ego operates according to the ______. A) guilt/pride principle B) reflex principle C) pleasure principle D) reality principle

D. Reality principle

Which of the following methods of acculturation will most likely result in the highest degree of acculturative stress? A) completely adopting the values and customs of the new culture B) developing a new set of values that is a compromise between the old and the new cultures C) living a life that does not depend on adopting any set of values and customs D) rejecting the majority culture's ways and maintaining one's original cultural identity

D. Rejecting the majority culture's ways and maintaining one's original cultural identity

Which of the following is NOT one of the methods that people should use to keep a positive outlook? A) alternative thinking B) relaxation C) downward social comparison D) scapegoating

D. Scapegoating

You are about to undergo delicate brain surgery that requires great skill on the part of the surgeon. As the surgical team wheels you into the operating room, you hope the surgeon has a high level of _______. A) extraversion B) ego C) superego D) self-efficacy

D. Self-efficacy

Pepe moved from Argentina to France. He chose not to learn to speak and write French, continues to maintain his old culture's styles of dress and customs, and lives in a neighborhood where only people from Argentina live. Pepe has used which method of entering the majority culture? A) marginalization B) assimilation C) integration D) separation

D. Separation

Electroconvulsive therapy has been used successfully to treat ________that has not responded to other treatments. A) bipolar disorder B) obsessive-compulsive disorder C) schizophrenia D) severe depression

D. Severe depression

People with a good _________are less likely to die from illness or injuries than those without it. A) camaraderie B) occupation C) income D) social support system

D. Social support system

According to Freud, the reality principle is ______. A) the way in which young children instinctively seek self-actualization B) the way in which the id tries to obtain gratification and avoid pain C) the way in which the ego ideal establishes standards of what one would like to be D) the way in which the ego tries to delay satisfying the id's desires until it can do so safely and successfully

D. The way in which the ego tries to delay satisfying the id's desires until it can do so safely and successfully

Which of the following statements is true regarding the effectiveness of contingency contracts when used with children? A) Parents can back down on a promised privilege. B) They are flexible and are regularly subject to change on an as-needed basis. C) Children can change the rules as needed, at any time. D) They are consistent and there is no room for reinterpretation of the rules.

D. They are consistent and there is no room for reinterpretation of the rules

Each of the following is true of people with anorexia nervosa EXCEPT _________. A) they have a distorted view of their own body B) they may have had a troubled childhood and adolescence C) they have an intense interest in food but eat with disgust D) they are usually "out of control"

D. They are usually "out of control"

What do Abraham Maslow's and Carl Rogers's theories have in common? A) They focus on unconscious motivation. B) They are both stage theories. C) They both fit in the learning/cognitive perspective. D) They believe that each human being is free to choose his or her own destiny.

D. They believe that each human being is free to choose his or her own destiny

A person's responses to a projective test are thought to reflect ____________. A) maladaptive patterns of behavior B) current events C) daydreaming themes D) unconscious thoughts and feelings

D. Unconscious thoughts and feelings

A psychological test that measures what we intend it to measure is said to be ___________. A) reliable B) standardized C) normed D) valid

D. Valid

The practice of behaviors and lifestyle choices that promote both physical and mental health is called________. A) meditation B) health C) religious beliefs D) wellness

D. Wellness

A physician prescribes a benzodiazepine drug to help alleviate your anxiety. Which drug might you be taking? A) Thorazine B) Prozac C) Elavil D) Xanax

D. Xanax

Seira is very pleasant and likes to keep the peace. She finds it difficult to express emotions and internalizes her anger. She has few friends and spends a lot of time alone. According to research, Seira ________. A) is at high risk for coronary heart disease B) is a Type B personality C) is a hardy personality D) is a Type C personality

D. is a Type C personality

The most recent version of the DSM is the

DSM IV TR

oral

Dan plays the trumpet, is on the debate team, bites his nails, and chews gum. Freud might say Dan was fixated in the ________ stage

oral

Dan plays the trumpet, is on the debate team, bites his nails, and chews gum. Freud might say Dan was fixated in the ________ stage.

In which disorder does a person seem to experience at least two or more distinct personalities existing in one body?

Dissociative identity disorder

Defense mechanisms are strategies employed by the to reduce anxiety and avoid conflict.

Ego

a contingency contract

Eileen goes to a therapist for help in losing weight. She and her therapist develop a written agreement spelling out weekly step-by-step methods for Eileen to use in order to reach her weight goal. The plan specifies rewards for reaching weekly goals and penalties for not achieving them. Eileen's therapist is using which of the following methods?

preconscious

For Freud, material that we are not currently aware of but that can be easily recalled is in the ______ mind

superego

For Freud, the moral center of personality is the

id

For Freud, the only personality structure present at birth is the

id

For Freud, the seething cauldron of unconscious urges and desires continuously seeking expression is the

unconscious

For Freud, thoughts and feelings that are well below the surface of awareness and cannot normally be recalled are in the ______ mind.

unconscious mind

Freud believed that the _____________ was the most important determining factor in human behavior and personality.

What did Gordon Allport think about traits? Select one: a. He thought they were like stages. b. He thought they were wired into the nervous system. c. He thought they were learned. d. He thought they were the result of cognitive modeling.

He thought they were wired into the nervous system.

Which of the following statements is correct concerning what hypnosis can do?

Hypnosis can create amnesia.

According to Freud, the three mental structures that form personality are the _______.

Id, ego, and superego

. "I'm going to take this candy because I want it NOW!" said the _____. "But, stealing is wrong," said the _____. "Let's ask mom if she'll advance our allowance so we can buy it today," said the _____.

Id; superego; ego

id and superego; ego

In Freud's personality theory, the ________ are in conflict and the _______ must mediate between them.

Oscar and Felix were both anally fixated, but in different ways

In the classic sitcom The Odd Couple, it was amazing that Oscar and Felix got along because Oscar was such a slob and Felix was so obsessively neat. From a Freudian perspective, what could be said about the way these two men made it through the anal stage of development?

Oscar had an anal expulsive personality and Felix had an anal retentive personality

In the classic sitcom The Odd Couple, it was amazing that Oscar and Felix got along because Oscar was such a slob and Felix was so obsessively neat. From a Freudian perspective, what could be said about the way these two men made it through the anal stage of development?

Oscar had an anal expulsive personality and Felix had an anal retentive personality.

In the classic sitcom The Odd Couple, it was amazing that Oscar and Felix got along because Oscar was such a slob and Felix was so obsessively neat. From a Freudian perspective, what could be said about the way these two men made it through the anal stage of development?

somatoform

In the last six months Shelly has visited her physician ten times to complain of numerous physical symptoms. The physician has been unable to find a physical cause for her symptoms. What category of psychological disorders is the physician likely to suspect Shelly exhibits?

superego

In the metaphor of the angel, the devil, and me, the angel is the

id

In the metaphor of the angel, the devil, and me, the devil is the

aversive conditioning

In which of the following therapies might a therapist use real physical pain to change behavior?

genital

In which psychosexual stage do sexual interests reawaken and become stronger?

flooding

Iram is afraid of snakes. In an effort to help him overcome his fear, his therapist has him enter a room where there are dozens of snakes and has him hold them. Iram is not permitted to leave the room until the therapy session is completed. Iram's therapist is using

Rogers thought that _____ is necessary for a child's uniqueness and positive self-concept to unfold naturally.

Unconditional positive regard

aversive conditioning

Jerry is 22 years old and still gets too many cavities from eating too many sweets. Jerry's dentist trains him to think of the pain of having his teeth drilled each time he reaches for a piece of candy. The dentist is using __________ to cure Jerry's excess eating of sweets.

mostly girls

Jill is an 8-year-old girl who is having a birthday party. According to Freud, since Jill is in the latency period, whom would you expect to be at her party?

reactance

Joe has been undergoing psychoanalysis for several months. Over the past few weeks, he has become unwilling to talk about his relationship with his father and becomes uncomfortable when thoughts of him enter his mind during therapy. What process would the therapist say is occurring?

the school of psychology called behaviorism was started by

John B. Watson

bipolar

John's behavior appears normal, then he becomes depressed and hyperactivity follows. He would likely be diagnosed as having which disorder?

participant modeling

Juan is so afraid of germs that he wears gloves when opening doors. He is encouraged by his therapist to imitate a person in a video who demonstrates opening a door, step-by-step, without wearing gloves. Which technique is his therapist using?

panic disorder.

June often experiences episodes during which her heart rate accelerates by more than 50 beats per minute despite encountering no emergency. June suffers from:

collective

Jung believed that there were two levels to the unconscious mind, the personal and the

Your beliefs about who or what is in charge of the outcomes in your life are called your _____.

Locus of control

subjective discomfort

Maria is a retired factory worker who lives with anxiety. Due to the fear of having anxiety attacks, she does not leave her house. This makes her feel trapped in her home, which creates distress. Which criterion would be most appropriate in deciding whether Maria's case represents an example of abnormality?

negative transference

Mario has always had trouble dealing with his parents as authority figures. During psychoanalysis, he reacts to the analyst in a negative manner whenever the therapist says something that reminds him of his parents' control over him. What process would Freud say is occurring?

obsessive-compulsive

Martha vacuums the carpet in her living room 15 times a day. It is very likely that she is suffering from which of the following disorders?

borderline

Marty is moody, manipulative, unstable, lacks a clear sense of identity, and often clings to others. He wants to have close relationships but is unable to do so because he is untrusting of others. Marty is suffering from ________ personality disorde

All the following are projective tests EXCEPT the ________. Select one: a. Rorschach test b. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) c. House-Tree-Person Test d. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Four-year-old Larry squeezes between his Mommy and Daddy as they sit together on the couch. He cuddles with Mommy and pushes Daddy away. This illustrates which Freudian concept?

Oedipus complex

Four-year-old Larry squeezes between his Mommy and Daddy as they sit together on the couch. He cuddles with Mommy and pushes Daddy away. This illustrates which Freudian concept? Select one: a. superego b. Oedipus complex c. sublimation d. regression

Oedipus complex

explanation

One limitation of the trait perspective compared to the other perspectives is there is not much ________.

the social cognitive view allows for testing, whereas the psychoanalytic view does not

One of the main differences between the psychoanalytic view and the social cognitive view is ________________.

Which of the following is the CORRECT list of traits in the Five-Factor model?

Openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, neuroticism (OCEAN)

In the classic sitcom The Odd Couple, it was amazing that Oscar and Felix got along because Oscar was such a slob and Felix was so obsessively neat. From a Freudian perspective, what could be said about the way these two men made it through the anal stage of development? Select one: a. Oscar had an anal expulsive personality and Felix had an anal retentive personality. b. Oscar had an anal retentive personality and Felix had an anal expulsive personality. c. Both Oscar and Felix were anally fixated. d. all of these are correct.

Oscar had an anal expulsive personality and Felix had an anal retentive personality.

12) ________ is a disorder in which the person either prefers to, or must, achieve sexual arousal and fulfillment through sexual behavior that is unusual or not socially acceptable.

Paraphilia

aversive conditioning

Paula's mother painted Paula's nails with an unpleasant-tasting salve to stop her nail biting. This illustrates

An individual's relatively stable and enduring pattern of thoughts, feelings, and actions is known as his or her _____.

Personality

You would rather have fun with your new dating partner than study for your math exam. You know you will do poorly on the exam if you don't study, but tell yourself that having fun will help you relax for the exam. This is an example of the defense mechanism called _____.

Rationalization

delusions of grandeur

Shreen is diagnosed with schizophrenia. She believes that she is a powerful person who can save the world. Shreen is experiencing

"You are upset about the reaction that your work has been receiving."

Sigmund Freud arrives for a therapy session with Albert Ellis. Freud's main complaint is depression; it seems that Freud's writings have not received the kind of response he had hoped for and expected. What is Ellis most likely to say during the therapy session?

castration anxiety

Sigmund Freud proposed that little boys' fears that their fathers may retaliate against them for forbidden sexual and aggressive impulses may lead to

erogenous zones

Sigmund Freud's psychosexual stages focus on several parts of the body identified as

repressed

Sigmund Freud's theory came at a time in history when the predominant attitude toward sex was

When a child learns the rules and values of parents and society, and incorporates them into his own psyche, that child has developed his _____.

Superego

humanistic

The ________ theory of personality has its basis in the theories of learning, and focuses on the effects of environment on one's personal characteristics and actions.

behaviorist

The _____________ theory of personality has its basis in the theories of learning, and focuses on the effects of environment on one's personal characteristics and actions.

oral

The age at which a baby was weaned would have most impact on the ____ stage

Which of the following statements correctly describes the rate of PTSD among combat-exposed military personnel since 2001?

The rate of PTSD has tripled since 2001

unconditional positive regard

The therapist's feeling of respect and affection for the client that exists without any strings attached, no matter what the client may say or do, is called

personality

The unique and relatively stable ways in which each individual thinks, acts, and feels is called

Sybil Controversy

There is taped evidence to suggest that the psychiatrist treating "Sybil," the famous multiple personality case, may have suggested to "Sybil" that she view her emotions as separate personalities.

ego

There were three friends. Maybe you've heard of them! Harry was rational, logical, and cunning. Hermione was rule oriented, moral, and always ethical. Ron was pleasure seeking, found it hard to delay gratification, and usually just did what he wanted. According to Freud, Harry was mostly

ego

There were three friends. Maybe you've heard of them! Harry was rational, logical, and cunning. Hermione was rule-oriented, moral, and always ethical. Ron was pleasure-seeking, found it hard to delay gratification, and usually just did what he wanted. According to Freud, Harry was mostly

superego

There were three friends. Maybe you've heard of them! Harry was rational, logical, and cunning. Hermione was rule-oriented, moral, and always ethical. Ron was pleasure-seeking, found it hard to delay gratification, and usually just did what he wanted. According to Freud, Hermione was mostly

id

There were three friends. Maybe you've heard of them! Harry was rational, logical, and cunning. Hermione was rule-oriented, moral, and always ethical. Ron was pleasure-seeking, found it hard to delay gratification, and usually just did what he wanted. According to Freud, Ron was mostly

Which of the following statements represents the cognitive behavioral theorist's view of personality disorders?

They are a type of learned behavior

What do Abraham Maslow's and Carl Rogers's theories have in common? Select one: a. They are both stage theories. b. They focus on unconscious motivation. c. They believe that each human being is free to choose his or her own destiny. d. They both fit in the learning/cognitive perspective.

They believe that each human being is free to choose his or her own destiny.

According to Maslow, what did Albert Einstein, Mahatma Ghandi, and Eleanor Roosevelt have in common?

They were all fully self-actualized

A relatively stable and consistent characteristic that can be used to describe someone is known as a(n) _____.

Trait

a projective test

When Anna looks at some modern artwork at the museum, she often thinks she sees human figures or faces and likes to make up stories about them. When she tells the stories to her friend, her friend says that the stories reflect Anna's unconscious thoughts. In psychological terms, what Anna does is most similar to

Alfred Adler

Which neo-Freudian viewed personality disturbances as resulting from the feelings of inferiority all people share?

genital

Which of the Freudian stages of personality development begins around puberty?

flat affect

Which of the following is a condition in which a person shows little or no emotion?

surgery that is performed on brain tissue to relieve or control severe psychological disorders

Which of the following is the appropriate definition of psychosurgery?

Temperament, which we are born with, is the basis upon which one's personality is built

Which of the following statements describes the relationship between temperament and personality?

TAT

Which of the following tests has a respondent construct a story about a picture?

obsessive-compulsive disorder.

While Sid is sitting at his desk at work an image of harming his young son pops into his mind. Each time this occurs, he touches all four corners of his desk in a particular order. Sid porbably suffers from

"Hey, pal, you are really overgeneralizing. Just because Gina said no doesn't mean that all girls will!"

While talking with his best friend Johnny, Maurice, who is clearly down and out, says "Dude, I just have no luck with girls at all. I asked Gina out last night and she turned me down flat. Nobody will EVER want to go out with me. Why am I such a loser?" Because Johnny has recently taken an abnormal psychology class, he uses a cognitive perspective to answer Maurice. Which of the following might Johnny say?

His interpretations of what his patients told him were ambiguous.

Your teacher organizes a debate on Freudian theory. You are assigned to be on the anti-Freud side and, therefore, must point out problems in the theory. Which of the following would be a reasonable argument for you to make?

the term neurotransmitter refers to

a chemical found in the synaptic vesicles that is released into the synapse

PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder)

a disorder resulting from exposure to a major stressor, with symptoms of anxiety, nightmare, poor sleep, reliving the event, and concentration problems, lasting more than one month

A group composed of people who have similar problems and who meet together without a therapist or counselor for the purpose of discussion, problem solving, and social and emotional support is called ________. Answer family therapy individual therapy a self-help group a systematic desensitization group

a self-help group

According to the behaviorists, disordered behavior is a result of

a set of learned responses

According to the behaviorists, disordered behavior is a result of ________. Answer repressed thoughts and memories that try to resurface a set of learned responses illogical thinking patterns chemical imbalances and brain damage

a set of learned responses

Major depression

a severely depressed mood that lasts 2 or more weeks and is accompanied by feelings of worthlessness and lack of pleasure, lethargy, and sleep and appetite disturbances. some women experience postpartum depression following giving birth.

64) Which of the following is an example of an avoidance-avoidance conflict?

a student has to decide whether to turn in an unfinished paper and receive a failing grade or hand it in late and lose many points

52) Which of the following life events is not found in the list of major life events that cause a significant amount of stress according to the social readjustment rating scale (SRRS)?

all of the above are found on the SSRS

17) Research has shown that heterosexuality is generally accepted across all cultures. Research also suggests that ________.

all of the above are true

120) If homosexuality were definitively found to be due to genetic or hormonal influences, then ________.

all of these are true...

119) When men and women view erotic pictures, the ________ are more strongly activated in men than women.

amygdala and hypothalamus...

excessive or unrealistic fearfulness and worry are characteristic of

anxiety disorders

a disorder in which a child shows both significant problems in focusing attention and higher than average levels of physical activity is

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Every time Jarrad opens his cigarette case or uses his lighter, he gets a painful electric shock. Jarrad's friends and family have been asked not to give him any cigarettes or light any cigarettes for him, so he must use his own lighter if he wants to smoke. Eventually, Jarrad loses his desire to smoke, thanks to ________. Answer negative transference behavioral contracting systematic desensitization aversion conditioning

aversion conditioning

which part of a neuron is attached to the soma and carries messages out to other cells?

axon

systematic desensitization

behavior technique used to treat phobias, in which a client is asked to make a list of ordered fears and taught to relax while concentrating on those fears

Which of the following is one definition of abnormal behavior?

behavior that is rare

Which of the following perspectives claims that shaping may play a big role in the development of some cases of dissociative identity disorder?

behavioral

The field of ________ is devoted to the study of just how much of personality is due to inherited traits.

behavioral genetics

Which of the following is one of the bodily fluids that ancient Greeks linked to abnormal behaviors?

black bile

in general, antipsychotic drugs work by

blocking dopamine receptors in the brain

OCD

disorder in which intruding, recurring thoughts or obsessions create anxiety that is relieved by performing a repetitive, ritualistic behavior (compulsion)

Marty is moody, manipulative, unstable, lacks a clear sense of identity, and often clings to others. He wants to have close relationships but is unable to do so because he is untrusting of others. Marty is suffering from ________ personality disorder. Answer antisocial avoidant dependent borderline

borderline

marty is moody, manipulative, unstable, lacks a clear sense of identity, and often clings to others. he wants to have close relationships but is unable to do so because he is untrusting of others. marty is suffering from

borderline personality disorder

consumer psychology

branch of psychology that studies the habits of consumers in the marketplace

pam's strategy for mastering her new phone number was to group the numbers into meaningful units based on historic dates. this is an example of

chunking

REBT (Rational emotional behavioral therapy)

cognitive-behavioral therapy in which clients are directly challenged in their irrational beliefs and helped to restructure their thinking into more rational belief statements

136) According to Jung, the memories and behavior patterns inherited from past generations are part of the ________.

collective unconscious...

47) Traditional views of gender roles are more likely found in ________.

collectivist cultures

81) ________ measures the amount of stress in a college student's life over a one-year period resulting from major life events.

college undergraduate stress scale (CUSS)

ali is in the hospital about to undergo a brain-imaging process that involves taking many x-rays from different angles aided by the use of a computer. what type of imaging technique is being used?

computerized axial tomography (CT)

multiple approach-avoidance conflict

conflict in which the person must decide between more than two goals, with each goal possessing both positive and negative aspects

double approach-avoidance conflict

conflict in which the person must decide between two goals, with each goal possessing both positive and negative aspects

when amphetamines are abused, the resulting effects may include

confusion, disorganized behavior, fear, delusions, and hallucinations

the thick band of neurons that connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres is called the

corpus callosum

144) Which two researchers are associated with the Five Factor model, also known as the Big Five?

costa and mccrae...

Monozygotic twins are ________, while dizygotic twins are ________. Select one: a. the result of mitosis; the result of meiosis b. fraternal; identical c. always the same gender; always the opposite genders d. identical; fraternal

dentical; fraternal

postpartum psychosis/depression

depression occurring within a year after giving birth in about 10 percent of women and that includes intense worry about the baby, thoughts of suicide, and fears of harming the baby

according to thomas and chess, a child that is very irregular in sleeping and eating, resists change, and tends to be loud is labeled a

difficult child

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

disorder in which intruding, recurring thoughts or obsessions create anxiety that is relieved by performing a repetitive, ritualistic behavior (compulsion for example hand washing).

The police find a man who is disheveled and in a daze wandering through the downtown area. When the police ask him for his name, he seems bewildered. A search of missing persons photographs reveals that this man was reported missing three months ago in a town more than 700 miles away. The man is most likely suffering from ________. Answer schizophrenia dissociative fugue dissociative amnesia dissociative identity disorder

dissociative fugue

in which disorder does a person seem to experience at least two or more distinct personalities existing in one body?

dissociative identity disorder

magnification and minimalization

distortion of thinking in which a person blows a negative event out of proportion to its importance (magnification) while ignoring relevant positive events (minimization)

arbitrary inference

distortion of thinking in which a person draws a conclusion that is not based in any evidence

overgeneralization

distortion of thinking in which a person draws sweeping conclusions based on only one incident or event and applies those conclusions to events that are un related

selective thinking

distortion of thinking in which a person focuses on only one aspect of a situation while ignoring all other relevant aspects

personalization

distortion of thinking in which a person takes responsibility or blame for events that are unconnected to the person

antidepressant drugs

drugs used to treat depression and anxiety

antipsychotic drugs

drugs used to treat psychotic symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, and other bizarre behaviors

The superego develops ________. Select one: a. at birth b. during infancy c. during the preschool years d. during adolescence

during the preschool years

148) The superego develops ________.

during the preschool years...

118) Shanice suffers pain during intercourse. She is suffering from ________.

dyspareunia...

87) There were three friends. Maybe you've heard of them! Harry was rational, logical, and cunning. Hermione was rule oriented, moral, and always ethical. Ron was pleasure seeking, found it hard to delay gratification, and usually just did what he wanted. According to Freud, Harry was mostly ________.

ego

131) According to Freud, rationality and logical thinking and reasoning are controlled by the ________.

ego...

Which device would a sleep researcher use to monitor a sleeping person's brain waves?

electroencephalograph (EEG)

subjective discomfort

emotional distress or emotional pain (such as when a person is afraid to leave their house but is not always the case like serial killers don't have discomfort)

subjective discomfort

emotional distress or emotional pain.

the person-centered therapist has to be able to acknowledge and understand what the client is feeling and experiencing. this process is referred to as

empathy

improves working memory efficiency and plays a role in the development and maintenance of synapses in memory areas of the brain, such as the hippocampus

estrogen

76) According to Hans Selye, resistance to stress is lowest at the ________ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

exhaustion

8) Sydney was leaving with friends after a fun night out drinking. As she was walking to her car, a man wearing a brown trench coat approached. He opened his coat and was completely naked underneath which startled Sydney, shocked at his behavior. Sydney was "flashed" by a person who likely achieves sexual arousal through ________.

exhibitionism

129) Bettina is 6 feet tall and desires to become a ballerina. Unfortunately, she is having difficulty being accepted into a ballet troupe because of her height. Bettina is experiencing ________.

external frustration...

after having first conditioned an animal to salivate to a tone, pavlov found that without pairing with food, salivation to the tone became weaker and weaker and then finally disappeared. this process is known as

extinction

Cattell used the statistical technique called ________. Select one: a. factor features b. t test c. pf analysis d. factor analysis

factor analysis

Agoraphobia

fear of being in a place or situation from which escape is difficult or impossible

Acrophobia

fear of heights

Social phobia

fear of interacting with others or being in social situations

social phobia

fear of interacting with others or being in social situations that might lead to a negative evaluation

specific phobia

fear of objects or specific situations or events

According to Rogers, people brought up with unconditional positive regard ________.

feel valued regardless of their attitudes and behaviors

ECT (bilateral/unilateral

form of biomedical therapy to treat severe depression in which electrodes are placed on either one or both sides of a person's head and an electric current is passed through the electrodes that is strong enough to cause a seizure or convulsion

Dr. Graham listens to Maria's statements and then restates what he feels is Maria's message and describes her emotions. What type of therapy is Dr. Graham practicing? Answer behavior cognitive psychoanalytic person-centered

person-centered

lowball technique

getting a commitment from a person and then raising the cost of that commitment

137) What is the term for the condition in which a person is born with both male and female sex organs?

hermaphroditism...

Ruth-Ann just graduated from high school; she is trying out for the soccer team at the college that she will attend in the fall. She knows that it will be more competitive than her high school team, but she believes in her ability to succeed and plans to practice all summer. Bandura would say that Ruth might have an edge over some competitors simply because she has ________. Select one: a. high self-efficacy b. self-actualized c. set aside the time to practice d. an external locus of control

high self-efficacy

4) Raphael has only dated men in the past. He stated that in high school, he began to notice that hewas only attracted to men. As a result, he has been in a relationship with a man for the past 5 years and is very happy. Raphael is considered ________ in terms of his sexual orientation.

homosexual

the process of encoding, storage, and retrieval are seen as part of the

information processing model of memory

phobia

irrational persistent fear of an object, situation, or social activity

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Version IV

is a manual of psychological (clinical) disorders and their symptoms that may be a focus of clinical attention - it is a global assessment of functioning.

modeling

learning through the observation and imitation of others

what are some of the common consequences to a child whose mother smoked while pregnant?

lower birth weight and short stature

125) Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) to measure change due to ________.

major life events...

the cognitive perspective emphasizes the role of ______ that underlie behavior

mental processes

based on lotus's 1978 study, subjects viewed a slide presentation of an accident, and some of the subjects were asked a question about able care when the actual slides contained pictures of a green car. when these same subjects were asked about the color of the car at the accident, they were found to be confused. this is an example of

misinformation effect

115) Those with AIDS are likely to suffer from all of the following opportunistic infections EXCEPT ________.

mononucleosis...

105) According to Freud, during the first 18 months of life, the dominant source of sensual pleasure is the ________.

mouth

According to Freud, during the first 18 months of life, the dominant source of sensual pleasure is the ________. Select one: a. genitals b. mouth c. hands d. anus

mouth

this disease involves deterioration of the myelin sheath

multiple sclerosis

jane can type 100 words per minute, but she can't name the keys in each row from left to right. jane is relying on

nondeclarative memory

2) If gender differences in cognition are decreasing, this is probably due to ________.

none of these

26) Dante's penis has experienced contractions and is about to release seminal fluid. He is likely to be in the ________ stage of the sexual response cycle according to Masters and Johnson.

orgasm

dashia was in an automobile accident that resulted in an injury to her brain. her sense of touch has been affected. which part of the brain is the most likely site of the damage?

parietal lobes

sociocultural perspective

perspective in which abnormal behavior (like normal behavior) is seen as the product of the learning and shaping of behavior within the context of the family, the social group to which one belongs, and the culture within which the family and social group exists

90) The Freudian stage in which boys must resolve the Oedipus complex is the ________ stage.

phallic

arlene has an irrational fear of flying in airplanes. she is probably suffering from a

phobia

The need to take a drug in order to avoid withdrawal symptoms is a symptom of ________.

physical dependence

the need to take a drug in order to avoid withdrawal symptoms is called

physical dependence

Axis III of the DSM IV TR includes

physical disorders that affect a person's psychological adjustment

Type C personality

pleasant but repressed person, who tends to internalize his or her anger and anxiety and who finds expressing emotions difficult, subject to cancer

79) According to Lazarus, our first task when faced with a potential stressor is to estimate its severity and to determine whether it is a challenge or threat. This evaluation is referred to as ________.

primary appraisal

reaction formation

psychological defense mechanism in which a person forms an opposite emotional or behavioral reaction to the way he or she really feels to keep those true feelings hidden from self and others

displacement

psychological defense mechanism in which emotional reactions and behavioral responses are shifted to targets that are more or less threatening than the original target

repression

psychological defense mechanism in which the person refuses to consciously rememver a threatening or unacceptable event, instead pushing those events into the unconscious mind

projection

psychological defense mechanism in which unacceptable or threatening impulses or feelings are seen as originating with someone else, usually the target of the impulse or feelings

83) One of the most startling implications of Selye's theory is that ________.

psychological stress may cause diseases such as ulcers and high blood presure

cybertherapy

psychotherapy that is offered on the internet. Also called online, Internet, or Web therapy or counseling

a recently developed treatment for depression that is offered as an alternative to ECT

rapid transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

erin desperately wanted a job with a large computer company, but in her five-minute interview she failed to impress them sufficiently to get hired. whens he talked about this with her friends later, she said she was glad that she didn't get the job because she didn't want to get lost in a big corporation. what defense mechanism is erin using?

rationalization

The ego operates according to the ________.

reality principle

The ego operates according to the ________. Select one: a. guilt/pride principle b. reality principle c. pleasure principle d. reflex principle

reality principle

displacement

redirecting feelings from a threatening target to a les threatening one

33) A young boy develops facial and chest hair, pubic hair, and an enlarged Adam's apple. This happens because puberty is stimulating the development of his ________.

secondary sex characteristics

Humanists believe that our motivation is ultimately due to ________. Select one: a. unconscious desires b. sexual yearnings c. self-actualization d. rewards

self-actualization

Jerod has saved plenty of money and has a lucrative business that he enjoys. He likes to volunteer his time in the community and enjoys the company of others - but still saves time to be alone. One of his favorite things to do in the evening is sit outside and watch the sunset. Rogers might suggest that Jerod is ________. Select one: a. retired b. experiencing a superiority complex c. self-actualizing d. emotionally conditioned

self-actualizing

According to Freud, a boy's sexual attachment to his mother and jealousy of his father is called _______. Select one: a. the Oedipus complex b. the Electra complex c. transference d. countertransference

the Oedipus complex

social categorization

the assignment of a person one has just met to a category based on characteristics the new person has in common with other people with whom one has had experience in the past

hassles

the daily annoyances of everyday life

25) The first symptoms of AIDS are often mistaken for ________.

the flu

42) The first symptoms of AIDS are often mistaken for ________.

the flu

Preparedness theory

the idea that people are instinctively predisposed toward certain fears

103) Which of the following statements is a claim often made by critics of projective testing?

the interpretation of projective tsts is too subjective

frustration

the psychological experience produced by the blocking of a desired goal or fulfillment of a perceived need; responses include persistence, aggression

pressure

the psychological experience produced by urgent demands or expectations for a person's behavior that come from an outside source

therapeutic alliance

the relationship between therapist and client that develops as a warm, caring, accepting relationship characterized by empathy, mutual respect, and understanding

why did research participants in spelling's experiment recall so few letters stored in sensory memory?

the remaining stimuli quickly faded from sensory memory

in contrast to earlier uses of ECT, today the technique involves stimulation of

the right hemisphere only

social psychology

the scientific study of how a person's thoughts, feelings, and behavior are influenced by the real, imagined, or implied presence of others

psychopathology

the study of abnormal behavior

Dissociative fugue

the sudden loss of memory for one's personal history, accompanied by an abrupt departure from home and the assumption of a new identity.

social impairment

the tendency for the presence of other people to have a negative impact on the performance of a difficult task

minimaliziation

the tendency to give little or no importance to one's successes or positive events and traits

which psychological test asks the subject to tell a story based on a picture of one or more people in which it is unclear what is going on?

thematic apperception test (TAT)

One of the dangers of taking online personality tests is ________. Select one: a. they are all invalid b. there is a small normative group c. there are too few of them d. there is no face-to-face contact to help put the results in perspective

there is no face-to-face contact to help put the results in perspective

when a client reacts to an analyst with the same feelings (eg. anger) that were present in another significant relationship, this is called

transference

146) James obtained sexual arousal and pleasure by wearing women's clothing. He has a condition known as ________.

transvestism...

catatonic schizophrenia

type of schizophrenia in which the person experiences periods of statue-like immobility mixed with occasional bursts of energetic, frantic movement, and talking

paranoid schizophrenia

type of schizophrenia in which the person suffers from delusions of persecution, grandeur, and jealousy, together with hallucinations

Paranoid

type of schizophrenia in which the person suffers from delusions of persecution, grandeur, and jealousy, together with hallucinations.

Freud believed that the ________ was the most important determining factor in human behavior and personality.

unconscious mind

what did sigmund freud consider as the key to understanding the nervous disorders he observed?

unconscious mind

When assessing personality, many psychologists take the eclectic view, which means they ________. Select one: a. use only one specific approach b. use a variety of approaches c. focus on behavior d. focus on unconscious motives

use a variety of approaches

which of the following is not considered a teratogen?

vitamins not about the recommended daily amount

11) Keisha is preparing to go swimming at the city pool. She is putting on her swim suit in a dressing room provided by the park, and notices that someone is looking over the dressing room walls. She grabs her towel and quickly runs from the dressing room and sees a man running away. After police are called, she is informed that she is the 4th victim of this "peeping Tom" over the past week. The "peeping Tom" is likely to suffer from ________.

voyeurism

48) Based on the studies of girls who were exposed to androgens before birth, which of the following statements is true?

when these girls grew up, they became more typically "female" in their desire for marriage and motherhood

in the curve of forgetting developed by Ebbinghaus, the greatest amount of forgetting occurs

within the first hour after learning new material