COMM 313 Pearson 1 - 21 Quiz Answers & Study Guide
Many times organizations refuse to acknowledge a situation they are in, and come up with counter-explanations to back their claims. Which crisis communication strategy do they employ by doing so?
Denial
In the tourism industry, the public relations staff stimulate the travelers' desire to visit a place, make necessary arrangements for travel, and provide facilities to entertain them and make them comfortable during their visit. Earlier, the staff used to publicize their services through the mass media. Currently, however, the PR staff are making use of the Internet and social media as mediums for promotion.Which term best defines the method adopted by the PR staff, and why is it essential?
Destination marketing; it assists travelers in everything from learning about a destination to booking a tour, a flight, a hotel, and even a restaurant at the destination.
Who is known as the father of modern public relations?
Edward L. Bernays
__________ is/are used to release financial information to multiple media outlets at the exact same time.
Electronic news service
Who stated that tourism is in the same company as oil, energy, finance, and agriculture in terms of gross economic power?
Elizabeth Becker
For their "Save the Tiger" campaign, an NGO launched an ad campaign to show that tigers are killed for personal benefits. Several pictures were posted, which showcased the brutality of the poachers. Then, they proceeded to request that the public show initiative and avoid using products that caused the death of the innocent animal. What kind of persuasive device did the NGO use?
Emotional appeal
Welxon Inc. created a set of guidelines for their employees who wanted to write blogs. These guidelines were intended to provide helpful, practical advice, and to protect the company's bloggers. Welxon also guides their employees on how to comment in an appropriate manner on social networking sites.Which kind of blog does this scenario describe?
Employee blog
As a member of the International Association of Business Communicators (IABC), professor Macmurty listed the organization's top responsibilities for his class including corporate communications, marketing communications, and media relations. Which responsibility did he miss?
Employee communications
___________ is important because the workforce are the organization's ambassadors.
Employee relations
_________ is often regarded as the world's bridging language.
English
In 2012, more than 1.4 billion movie tickets were sold, more than 17 million people attended NFL games, and about 30 million people attended concerts. According to these statistics, which fields cover a major part of the American economy?
Entertainment, sports, and tourism
________ helps to promote human rights and provides social and medical services.
Environmental relations
U-labs Ltd. decided not to throw waste water into the rivers surrounding its offices. Instead, the company decided to treat the waste and reuse it. What is this kind of behavior called, and how can it be achieved?
Environmental relations; public relations departments can cooperate and partner with environmental groups.
What is the process of keeping oneself up to date with the current affairs and the atmosphere in which an organization operates?
Environmental scanning
Because she wasn't hired by Reynolds Inc. due to the burqa she wears, Fatima decided to file a complaint against the company. Which federal agency can file such a complaint, and what does it regulate?
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission; it regulates that employees are not discriminated against on the basis of their religion, gender, etc.
_________ determines if the message is just information or if it can alter the attitude and behavior of the audience.
Essence of the message
________ refer(s) to the standards of conduct that indicate how one should behave based on moral duties and virtues rising from principles of right and wrong.
Ethics
To find out more about the pros and cons of a product, it is often a good idea to study the behavior of the individuals or groups of people using it. Which type of qualitative research method can be employed to achieve this purpose?
Ethnographic Technique (relates to cultural customs, habits, mutual differences)
The success of a motivational campaign can be assessed by keeping count of the number of people who change their attitude after being a part of it. Which component of planning is described in the scenario?
Evaluation
Which is the fourth step of the public relations process?
Evaluation
If a nonprofit organization is hosting a party where guests can come and have dinner for $1000, then which fund-raising method is the organization using?
Event sponsorship
While participating in an event, an organization spent a great amount of money designing and constructing a site to attract visitors. The site enabled interaction with possible consumers and received media attention for their products.Which term best describes the site?
Exhibit booth
Jacobx Inc. is a large multinational PR firm that employs 11,000 people globally. It has made a name for itself in the industry by collaborating frequently with myriad providers of services and products. Which aspect has catapulted Jacobx Inc. to become a major player in the market, and why?
Extensive resources; because it has research materials, including data information banks, and experience in similar fields.
According to a global survey in 2013, which social networking community is the most popular social networking site?
Which social networking community is being used to provide information to and engage with potential travelers?
There were widespread protests in India after the government decided to set up a nuclear power plant in a coastal region, and after the nuclear disaster in Japan following a Tsunami. The government explained the energy crisis that the country was facing in much detail, which led to softening the stance of many of the protesting public organizations. Which variable affecting the risk perception did the government try to address in this episode?
Familiarity
Which method is widely used by travel writers for promotion?
Familiarization trip
A federal agency found that a television channel was not revealing the source of its video news. After repeated warnings to disclose the sources, the agency cancelled the channel's permit. In another situation, this same agency filed a suit against an Internet provider that showed bias in treating websites equally. Which agency has the authority to take such actions?
Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
A company claimed that their new baby food would increase the growth rate of infants. However, the claim was proved to be false. Which government agency has the right to file a complaint against the company, and what are the provisions that come under its jurisdiction?
Federal Trade Commission; it has the jurisdiction to determine whether advertisements are misleading or deceptive.
Which type of research can be described as an unofficial process that elaborates qualitative data instead of purely numerical information?
Focus group
The advertising and promotion of all kinds of drugs are supervised by the
Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Narayan Mittal is head of the billionaire family and a devout Hindu. He wants to help medical researchers come up with a cure for breast cancer as he lost his wife to the disease at a very young age. Setting up what kind of a social service organization would suit his needs best, and why?
Foundation; as he can start it with his own money and the earnings from the investments made with that money can go to promising research projects as grants.
________ argues that the shaping of issues by journalists impacts public understanding and policy formation.
Framing theory
Television's dramas and comedy shows are good vehicles for promoting a company's products and services. What is another platform for product exposure on television?
Game shows
Andrew's job consisted of keeping track of the activities of various legislative bodies, presenting the views of various corporations to the government, and cooperating on various projects that are mutually helpful for both the government and those corporations.Which term best describes Andrew's profession?
Government relations specialist, also known as public affairs specialist
An environmental organization conducted several negotiations with the government to prevent the dissemination of mercury in water sources. Since the negotiations were unsuccessful, the group organized a press release to state their objective. In addition, they used their website, social media, and an e-mail service to broadcast their cause. Special attention was provided to mothers as excessive mercury content stalls the growth of children.Which term best describes the tactic used by the organization, and why?
Grassroots lobbying; because this type of lobbying will help obtain public involvement to influence the government.
A PR manager was promoting a newly launched product designed by the team at Clover Inc. He used a plethora of jargon and extremely verbose language in his presentation, failed to provide a summary of the key points, and did not conduct a Q&A session for the audience. Afterwards, the manager distributed feedback forms to the audience asking them to rate his presentation and performance. From the feedback forms, he discovered that most of the audience was not satisfied because they felt his presentation was too complex and uninteresting. In what way can the PR manager resolve the issue, and why is it important?
He can resolve the issue by repeating the key messages in various ways and by using simple terms; it is important to meet the needs of audiences with different perceptions.
Which period is regarded as the golden age of the press agent in the United States of America?
1800s
The management of Vencob Inc., decided to publicize their newly launched product through the mass media. After discussions among themselves, they preferred social media as the medium for promotion. Management wanted their customers to access information regarding the product such as functionality, technical aspects, advantages, and usage of applications at any time from any place.Which concept was followed by the management for promotion, and why is it essential?
"Pull" concept; it is essential because users actively search sites to get the required information.
Which philosophy states that something is either completely right or completely wrong?
Absolutist
Which nonprofit organizations fight for social causes on behalf of a community?
Advocacy groups
________ insists that the contents of the media set the outline for public discussions.
Agenda setting theory
Lopez interviewed the employees of an organization. In the interview, he found that 90 percent of the interviewees read almost every article in the organization's newsletter. He also found that they particularly liked an article about an announcement by the organization's management. What is this readership survey?
Article recall
After the completion of a public relations campaign of a garment's new brand, the sales figures were analyzed to see if the campaign made an impact. After studying the figures, the PR team attempted to come up with a better campaign. Which step of the public relations process are they currently in, and why?
Assessment; as the analysis of the sales figures made the PR team conclude that additional efforts are needed to better the campaign
When a rival candidate accused Senator Reeves of taking a bribe from a canned food manufacturing company, his PR representative countered the allegations by saying that the rival candidate had ulterior motives. To support this claim, the PR representative pointed out that the date on which the senator was accused of taking the bribe was his son's birthday, and he happened to be on vacation with his family to celebrate the occasion. Which crisis communication strategy was this PR representative employing in this scenario?
Attack the accuser
To increase awareness for AIDS, an NGO decided to post photographs and tweets of people raising money for the disease. People tweeted that it was not a communicable disease, and that people who contract it should not be ostracized. Information was also posted to a newly designed website, on how AIDS could be prevented; anyone could visit the site and post comments. This changed the public's perception towards the disease and a lot of people started volunteering to help raise money for the people who were afflicted with the disease. Which factor of persuasion was used in this scenario?
Audience participation
A cosmetic company planned to launch a range of low-cost cosmetics. It decided to undertake research on what kind of cosmetics were used by college students. What element of planning is being identified by this process, and why is it important?
Audience; to maximize the reach and success of the campaign
Generally during elections, political parties conduct surveys in the areas where they have a strong hold. This is done to get emotional reactions from the public. What should a public relations officer do in such situation?
Avoid loaded questions
________ are the individuals who were born between the late 1940's and early 1960s.
Baby boomers
A company decided to improve its service by directly contacting with their prospective customers by using a plethora of facilities available on the World Wide Web. This initiative succeeded in expanding their customer base. The new sets of customers were from a particular generation as this group is habituated to extensive usage of the Web. Which generation of customers is this, and why did this strategy help?
Baby boomers; because they are active users of the Internet
A public relations professional organized a function to raise money for a charitable organization. Well-made invitations were sent out to individuals as well as various organizations, and a well-known personality was invited to address the participants. Food and other entertainment activities were provided, but participation was restricted to only those who had purchased tickets.What type of function was organized by the public relations professional?
Banquet
Which American president's campaign rallies were most often compared to rock concerts?
Barack Obama
A company wants to put its spokesperson on a talk show with a celebrity. A PR executive played a crucial role because he is the one who contacted the directors and producers of various programs, and discussed the theme of the program with them.Which key attribute helped the PR executive handle these activities, and why is this attribute essential?
Be familiar with the program's format and content; it helps to organize the show with the correct input that makes the show a grand success.
Michelle is a blogger for the company where she works. While writing a product promotion article in one of her blogs, she used a few lines from the magazine, Experts, without citing their publication properly. This was brought to the attention of the magazine's publisher. The magazine sued Michelle for using their content. Why did the magazine sue her?
Because she failed to give credit to the source
One American president gained popularity among the public because of his communication style. His use of information technology and television talk shows has earned him much respect.These qualities characterize which American president?
Bill Clinton
_________ companies are recognizing that public relations is essential for generating revenues and building reputation.
Brazilian
Before launching the campaign, Emily decided to follow the local news more closely as often as she could. She believes this will help her recognize current issues better. How can tracking the local news help her plan the campaign?
By understanding the situation
To increase their revenue, Watercress International decided to analyze customer reactions via online networks. The company wanted to get customer reactions for their marketing and customer service activities. How can this objective be effectively achieved, and what benefit does it have?
By using social media tools; to help companies to develop ways to provide information about social media efforts
Who developed the concept of the sleeper effect?
Carl Hovland
Which type of facts discusses the latest fads in the market?
Category facts
Alfie is a very successful businessman in his city. He has recently been invited by an organization to become a member. This organization is an association of people who work towards improving the city's commercial climate and boosting local business growth. What can this association be classified as?
Chamber of commerce
A public relations manager started his speech with a statement that represented the audience's principles and tendencies. Which technique of communication did the manager follow?
Channeling
Rapid industrialization and major urbanization caused growth of the public relations industry in
China
________ have strong opinions about preserving traditional family values and voting for conservative politicians.
Christian evangelicals
________ determine the purpose of communication and how it is helpful in achieving a particular objective of an organization.
Client objectives
A gathering was arranged to celebrate an employee's promotion, and the guests were served beer and snacks. Although the invitation suggested an ending time, the guests were reluctant to leave. This situation demanded a vocal announcement to remind guests about the closing time.Which type of gathering exemplifies the behavior of the guests?
Cocktail party
Wasp Corp. launched a new food product that has minimal cholesterol content. The company gave a detailed description of the product through brochures, newspapers, television, and other media such as the Internet. Which term best describes the promotional activity of the company?
Commercial speech
Which activity is the third step in the public relations process?
Communication
It is very important that companies with global presence have instant contact with any and all of their operations around the world. What helps companies achieve this, and how?
Communication technologies; makes transfer of information via voice, data, graphics, and videos easier
"Management is counseled on ways to achieve official and public support." The statement describes which service that is provided by public relations firms?
Community relations
Which key component of strategic conflict management comes into play when two or more individuals or entities strive for the same business resources?
Competition
The director of a television talk show guided his team in making the necessary arrangements in an efficient manner. He gave the script to the hosts, including the list of questions to ask the guest. He fixed the timeline for every activity, including the time for the guest to answer in a precise and brief manner in order to complete the show within the stipulated time.Which requirement of making the show successful does this scenario describe?
Concise speech
A manufacturing company plans to publish new brochures to create awareness about its products. Management sends the designs to the public relations department to review and approve before disseminating the brochures to the public. In this scenario, which level of influence is best illustrated?
Concurring authority
What is the process of developing strategies that help an organization in placing itself favorably in anticipation of events that will open it for public scrutiny?
Conflict positioning
__________ involves the understanding of differences among individuals and groups.
Conflict theory
Cosmetics and drug manufacturers are constantly under criticism about cruelty to animals during testing from animal rights activists. Keeping this in mind, the public relations professional that Hanro Cosmetics hired advised them to donate five million dollars to the Blue Cross before it started testing its new range of cosmetics on animals. What was the PR professional essentially advising the company to do, and why?
Conflict-positioning; as the PR professional was making sure that the actual behavior of the company is viewed favorably and is defendable
Which type of qualitative research technique involves the process of systematic and objective categorization of information?
Content analysis
Content-analysis; it is important because the editors will have a factual basis with which to arrange the content.
Content-analysis; it is important because the editors will have a factual basis with which to arrange the content.
What is the list of possible variables that affect an organization's response to a threat?
Contingency matrix
Restaurants and hotels were booked for two to three days for a function organized by public relations professionals. The function started with a common meeting addressing all the participants, later breaking into small groups who were addressed separately by different speakers. Facilities such as Internet and projectors were arranged in advance according to the needs of various speakers.The scenario exemplifies which type of function?
Convention
__________ are normally a chain of meetings spanning two or more days.
Conventions
What acts as the key to effective communication and retention of messages?
Conveying information in several ways, using multiple communication channels
The NGO decided to give out brochures to the villagers about how they can protect themselves from water borne diseases. Since the NGO team was not sure about the literacy rate of the villagers, they decided to do a test run. They selected representatives, gave out a draft of the brochure, and asked the villagers to interpret the message in it. What qualitative research technique did the NGO adapt and how does it help?
Copy testing; to understand the education level of the audience
What is the relevant term used to describe the public relations department of an organization?
Corporate communications
AK and K Pvt. Ltd. decided to sponsor the annual sports day for the local high school. What is this kind of behavior called, and why is it important?
Corporate philanthropy; to improve community goodwill and their reputation as good citizens
The public relations department has played a crucial role in Vencor Inc.'s success. Top management perceptions and the abilities of the concerned authorities were two strengths of the department. This scenario is best described by which statement?
Corporate structure shapes the public relations role
If a social service organization has organized a half marathon to raise awareness for better lifestyle choices for better health, then which public relations tactic is this organization using?
Creation of event
If an organization is in the process of implementing a plan that it had specifically developed for a conflict of catastrophic proportions, then which process is it essentially involved in?
Crisis communication
Which is a criterion for choosing speakers for a group meeting?
Crowd-drawing capacity
Some things must be kept in mind when you are in different parts of the world. For example, it is advised not to use first names or slang. Depending on where you are, the way you greet people also changes. This difference in behavior is a ________ difference.
Cultural
Sometimes, it is important to dress up according to the country you are in, especially, if you are in a country in the Middle East where women are expected to wear burqas. Casual dress can be taken as a mark of disrespect. What can this difference in dress be described as?
Cultural difference
____________ helps companies determine if policies and communication strategies have to be revised to improve reputations.
Customer relations
Which term is used by the court to indicate a false verbal or printed account of a person?
Defamation
What is the stage of evolution of an issue called where the problem or protest is raised by activists and special interest groups?
Definition
Which types of nonprofit organizations include philanthropic and cultural groups that serve the public in numerous ways?
Social service
A sports drink company decided to use a famous cricketer to promote their product during the Cricket World Cup. In the advertisement, the celebrity informed the audience that the drink was highly energizing. The sale of the drinks then increased three-fold. Which factor contributed to the increase of the sales of the product?
Source credibility
Initially its meaning was restricted to what often were considered the unethical and misleading activities and tactics of political campaign consultants. Today, however, the scope of this word has expanded. Which word is the statement referring to?
Spin
Which group plays a role in building fan and community enthusiasm for the team, and makes star players celebrities?
Sports publicists
"Fame is a product of certain industries-most notably the mass entertainment business—not a gold star given by the good fairy to the deserving." Who said this?
Stephen Cave
A company released a new product using ample publicity through brochures and related written materials that were easily accessible to its customers. A post-sale survey revealed that 65 percent of the customers purchased the product based on the suggestions made by their friends or colleagues, and the promotional drive conducted by the company via the mass media. In this scenario, what does the survey indicate, and how can these tendencies be explained?
Word-of-mouth public relations and viral marketing campaigns are crucial; this can be explained by the fact that the customers preferred a personal recommendation from someone they know and trust.
Which element differentiates audio news releases from online news releases?
Writing style
During a meeting, the leader started by asking if the team wanted to become the best performing team for the month. The leader proceeded to ask if the team was ready to put in extra effort to achieve the group's goals before the expected deadline. Which type of persuasion technique did he adopt, and how does it help?
Yes-yes answer structure; agreement to a basic thought persuades the receiver to agree to the logically developed conclusion
Sain Inc. has become a leading manufacturer in the market by producing superior quality products and services. For further enhancement of their appeal, the management decided to showcase their products by creating ads, video blogs, and a web series, along with some entertainment for the viewers, rather than just advertising the product in simple words.Which site will be helpful for acting on the management's decision, and why is it important?
YouTube; it influences the audience's opinions and will make the company reachable to its potential customers.
Those with ________ narrowly define professionalism as the ability to do a competent job of executing the mechanics of communicating even if the information provided by management or a client is in bad taste, is misleading, lacks documentation, or is just plain wrong.
a technician mentality
"Public relations strategies were applied in the abolition movement to ban slavery." In this scenario, which theme of public relations was used?
advocacy (support for)
Thomas is an editor of a newsletter. In an analysis, he found that the newsletter is not popular among the readers as the articles are not balanced. The newsletter also failed to get readers interested. This, in turn, affected the reliability of the publication. The analysis shows that the newsletter lacks a(n)
annual evaluation of readership.
A public relations practitioner conducted a survey on a campaign done by an environmental organization. The survey was meant to evaluate if the campaign had reached its targeted audience. The questions focused on whether the group had noticed, or understood the content of the campaign. The campaign is aimed to measure
audience awareness.
Market research is conducted for a public relations campaign to identify the
audience.
Brenda was very happy with the success of the project she was handling. She wanted the news to be covered by the local news channel and called the reporter several times. She should
avoid being desperate
A public relations firm charges its services in several ways. Out of the four processes, which method is widely used by large firms?
basic hourly fee
The process of a company paying a newspaper to write a positive article about its achievements is termed
brand journalism
Christian is an excellent dancer who has won numerous local and national competitions. Furthermore, he is respected for his acting talent by his family, friends, and outsiders. With this as an inspiration, he entered the film industry and his acting chops won him many fans. Year after year, his popularity has increased and he is now considered an established icon. The term that best describes him is
celebrity
Today's entertainment news cycle is driven by the advent of
celebrity culture
Gal Corp. uses mail service and telephone surveys to analyze their publicity campaigns by seeking the opinions of the employees, supervisors, and the managers. They gather the information about the publicity through the experts in the industry as well as clients and the suppliers of the products. The surveys are a part of a(n)
communication audit
In an organization, staff functions operate at three levels of influence and authority: advisory, concurring authority, and
compulsory-advisory.
When the policies of a non-profit organization and the beliefs or policies of a donor do not match or are contrasting, it leads to a
conflict
The range of response of an organization to a threat constitutes the
contingency continuum.
The use of ___________ is based, in part, on the belief that the term is broader than public relations, and encompasses all communications of the company.
corporate communications
A one-page summary that provides basic facts about an organization is called a
corporate profile
One key word which is used to define public relations is ___________, since public relations activity is intentional.
deliberate
Since the beginning of 2007, members of a political party started formulating strategies, preparing speeches, and appointing professionals to raise funds from various sources. It also included a team of communication consultants mobilizing support from the people, graphic experts, web masters, and pollsters.What does this scenario exemplify?
election campaign
The reports made by the journalists who are included within American military units are called
embedded reports
The ______ is the major expense at a trade show.
exhibit booth
A PR firm is looking to hire a new team member. It is looking for someone who knows about podcasting, and has search engine optimization experience. Which essential PR skill is the firm primarily looking for?
expertise in social media
Most companies today use social media to promote their products. This process involves which element of public relations planning?
Strategy
Radio news releases are written emphasizing which of these aspects?
Strong, short sentences
Johnson is a journalist who writes about newly launched products. He always gets a page from the companies, which lists the characteristics of a new product. What are these called?
Summary sheets
Kiera works as a product manager. While promoting one of her company's products, she decided to distribute free samples to a group with an intention to gauge their opinions. Her idea was that the word-of-mouth influence of these people would motivate others to buy the product. Which group was Kiera targeting?
Supermoms
________ influence over 80 percent of household purchasing decisions.
Supermoms
A company decides to launch a product campaign through radio broadcasts. The promotion of the product was aimed at a group which listens to the radio broadcast 13 percent more than the general population. Which ethnic group is being targeted by this approach?
Hispanics
A group of companies organized a function, and a separate site was prepared to discuss their major business deals and give exhaustive presentations about various products. The site attracted serious customers because of the comprehensiveness of the presentations.Which term best describes the site?
Hospitality suite
In which of the countries did modern public relations commence during World War I?
India
While launching their latest product, Aro Co., one of the world's leading cosmetic companies, decided to use actors from Bollywood for the promotional purpose. Though the promotion was done in English, a few Bollywood songs were used. Which ethnic group was the company targeting?
Indo Americans
________ has a problem recruiting trained and talented public relations personnel.
Indonesia
___________ is a graphical display of facts and figures.
Infographics
A college distributed pamphlets to companies inviting them for their placement drive. Facts and statistics were included in the pamphlets by using visual graphics. What is this kind of representation of information called, and why is it used?
Infographics; because data in regular text may be boring
Mia is the project leader of the new campaign that focuses on spreading awareness about the effects of global warming. What kind of objective did she set for the campaign?
Informational objective
In terms of dealing with misinformation, ________ states that members shall refrain from "circulating information which is not based on established and ascertainable facts."
International Public Relations Association
Public relations personnel are constantly using the Web and social networks to communicate information about their employers and clients, but they should do so within an ethical framework. This area, for which the above ethical guideline is established, is called
Internet transparency.
It is very important for a company to maintain communications with prospective shareholders and financial media. This often decides the health and wealth of a company. What is this called?
Investor relations
__________ helps to keep a company's health and wealth in good condition.
Investor relations
If an organization is trying to predict a problem which may arise due to its implementation of a new policy, which process is it engaging itself with?
Issues management
South Korea has a high antibusiness sentiment. Which skillset of a public relations manager can help mitigate this situation, and how?
Issues management; this can help to earn public goodwill and understanding
What is the major reason for television channels continuing to thrive in the Internet age?
It generates a larger audience for a particular event or program.
Today, almost all political leaders conduct news conferences and interviews. How is this helpful?
It helps to promote and hype their brand image.
Most top-rated companies get the help of public relations firms who are engaged in promoting products and services through news releases, brochures, media tours, and special events. They also conduct surveys to gauge public perceptions and attitudes. In this scenario, which statement justifies the assistance expected from PR firms by the companies?
It provides professional expertise in communication to reach the public at the national and international level.
When considering the future development of a city, the local government drafted a competent plan. Although there was no opposition from any organization, individuals, or the state and federal levels of government, the local government officials felt that the plan was not being duly considered. On the other hand, the federal and state governments had a notion that the local government was not paying enough attention to the development of the city.What prompted the confusion among the governmental bodies?
Lack of circulation of information
Often the messages distributed through various communication technologies are not accurately understood by the audience. They are often misleading. What is this limit of effective communication called?
Lack of message penetration
If a company wants to be global, it is important to communicate to people from all over the world in ways that they understand. This can be a big challenge for companies. What is this difference in understanding called?
Language difference
Under which act does the FTC (Federal Trade Commission) have the authority to file charges against public relations firms that circulate misleading information?
Lanham Act (prohibits false advertising)
In a bicycle race conducted by an organization, two racers lost their lives in an accident. After becoming aware of the incident, public relations personnel advised Blanc Inc. to take the necessary precautions before staging a promotional event.What kind of precaution should Blanc Inc. take, and why?
Liability insurance; because without it, in case of an accident, there is the likelihood of the company being sued for negligence.
A company hired a celebrity to promote its product. The sales figures of the company doubled as the fans starting buying the product en masse. Which principle of influencing people did the company adopt?
Liking
The new product that Bomak Corp. launched was much inferior to its competitors. To compensate for that, the board asked their PR manager, Dorothy, to come up with a campaign that exaggerates the quality of the product many fold. While Dorothy had done similar assignments in the past, this time she was reluctant to do so. What could be the reason for Dorothy's reluctance this time?
her discomfort level
According to David Hilton-Barber, one of the most important reasons for a communication audit are to
identify strengths and weaknesses.
The objective of the campaign by the Panama City (Florida) Convention and Visitors Bureau was to attract college students during spring break, and, thereby,
increase tourism
The loyalty to one's self against the loyalty to a larger group is called
individualism
What kind of a membership organization represents an entire industry and advocates on behalf of the employees?
labor union
The approach to planning that focuses on formulating certain tactics to achieve specific organizational goals is called
management by objectives.
Kickson Inc. wanted to be accessible to their potential customers at all times to ensure easy transfer of information, instant clarifications, consideration of feedback, assistance while purchasing, etc. For this, the management formed a team by bringing together professionals from different departments such as IT, public relations, marketing, and human resources under one roof.The team made all these activities possible by
managing the company's website.
Using tools and tactics of public relations to support promotional and sales objectives is called
marketing public relations
The marketing specialists in a public relations department submitted a yearly report to an international organization. The report contained the organization's print media advertising campaigns such as press releases, editorials, and photographs. It also enclosed a detailed account of the organization's campaign through social media networks. The report is an example of
measurement of production
One public relations professional is asked to choose a newspaper with a large circulation, and publish an article about a particular company in that publication. This person is also given a count of the number of people who read the newspaper, but who are not actual subscribers to it. The responsibility of this professional is an example of
measuring the message exposure.
People who share common businesses and social interests generally become associated with ____________ organizations for the purpose of mutual help and self-improvement.
membership
"The firm can analyze a client's needs or problems from a new perspective." The statement describes which advantageous aspect of public relations firms?
objectivity
When someone is given two options and asked to choose, this technique of persuasion is called
offer structured choice.
John wanted to convey a personal message to Ben without any third person interference. So he first encoded the message, then sent it via a communication channel. When Ben received the message, he decoded it. The communication process they followed is a
one-way linear model.
O'Reilly was in charge of the launch event of the new product line of his company. Since it was a big event, he could not keep track of everything and as a result, he overshot his stipulated budget because he lacked
planning expertise
The performance and efficiency of a production house are analyzed by its achievements and strengths, and it is portrayed as the best in the entertainment industry by a defined set of individuals. This enhances the organization's credibility among the public and establishes it as a business icon in the media.The individuals in this scenario are known as
press agents
In the 1800s, American railroads made use of media relations to boost
profits
Six key components or steps link the cycle of public relations. The step in which public relations staff begin to plan a communications program that will further the organization's objectives is called
programming
Galleon Inc., a leading manufacturing company, signed a contract to design auto parts of premium quality at an affordable cost. To make this project successful, the management planned to render the services of public relations firms in order to address the potential client's particular needs. Though they have their own internal public relations staff, Galleon invited PR firms to make presentations regarding the purpose and applications of the potential client's product. In this scenario, the approach used by the company is called request for
proposal
Public relations practitioners can assess the success of a meeting by
providing evaluation sheets.
Public information and __________ are the most widely used terms by nonprofits, universities, and government agencies.
public affairs
A PR firm was awarded an account for a cereal manufacturer's new children's cereal. The firm is tasked with creating a campaign which would compel children to ask their parents to buy the cereal, even though it is not particularly healthy. Since it was a well-paying account, though, the firm accepted it. Which of the key aspects that define public relations did the firm ignore?
public interest
When steps are taken to rebuild people's trust in a business after years of negative publicity, it is called developing
public relations.
When government agencies attempt to publicize the current administration's policies to gather public support, it is often primarily related to
re-election campaigns
Irene is a public relations officer whose job entails building a team of seven people with good technical skills. Which theme of public relations will she be applying?
recruitment
According to professor C.V. Narsimha Reddi, there are five prerequisites for the public relations profession. Four of them are training, literature, education, and code of ethics. What is the fifth prerequisite?
research
Determining attitudes and behaviors of the public in order to plan public relations strategies is one aspect of public relations that individuals do according to PRSA (Public Relations Society of America). This aspect can also be called _________ in simple terms.
research
Print media relies on which human sense?
sight
Which marketing tool has become a major public relations tactic of professional sports?
social media
People follow the lead of others. This principle of influencing people can be defined as
social proof.
When an organization employs respected external experts or celebrities as representatives to convey their messages, they are trying to solve the issue of
source credibility.
An organization's ________ towards the stakeholders involved in a conflict situation determines the public relations strategy it will follow.
stance
Doromo Inc., a leading manufacturing company, introduced a new product into the market. As a part of this process, the management planned to implement a tactic of "building good relationships with strategic publics", in order to create buzz about the new product. In this scenario, the approach can be implemented by public relations executives playing the role of
strategic communication managers.
Which component of a public relations plan supplies the parameters for the total program?
strategy
According to the Journal of Public Relations Research, one of the key attributes of competent public relations managers is
the ability to solve problems.
Public relations professionals also have the burden of making ethical decisions that take into consideration four factors. Three of them are (1) the public interest, (2) the employer's self-interests, and (3) the standards of the public relations profession. What is the fourth factor?
their personal values
What is the primary objective of government agencies and elected officials?
to serve the public good
After an unsuccessful product launch, management conducts a survey to find the reason behind the failure. They then decide to adopt a new communication model as their previous method involved merely circulating the information instead of a healthy exchange of information and opinions with their customer base. They believe that the new model will balance the communication between the organization and their customers. In this scenario, this new model is an illustration of
two-way symmetrical communication.
The measure of how society tolerates ambiguity is called
uncertainty avoidance
A social service organization called We Have Hope has started a free helpline that people can call if they are depressed or having suicidal tendencies. Which public relations tactic is We Have Hope using to further its goal of helping depressed people?
use of service
Donnoly, the new public relations intern, was tasked with drafting a message that her boss was going to put out on her company's Facebook page. The message, even though good, was filled with spelling mistakes. Which skill was she missing that is necessary for a successful public relations career?
writing skill
Giampanini Fashions hopes to gain a foothold in the Indian designer market. To achieve this objective, they convince ex-super model and Indian sweetheart, Aishwarya Sen, to be their brand ambassador, and launch a nationwide PR campaign in which the diva endorses their apparel. Which element of a program plan is best illustrated in this scenario?
Tactics
What is commonly referred to as the 'nuts-and-bolts' component of a public relations plan?
Tactics
John has been searching for a job for several years and has interviewed with many companies. After numerous rejections, he decided to share his professional experience with experts and fellow professionals belonging to his field of work through an online medium. After taking this step, he felt that his chances of finding relevant jobs in his areas of interest increased dramatically.Which social networking medium did John use?
Which public relations tactic do social service organizations use when they file suits seeking favorable court rulings for their projects?
Litigation
In his second meeting with the Congress, a representative of Met Co., a construction company explained the importance of building new overpasses throughout the District of Columbia. Furthermore, he also established the co-relation between increasing traffic congestion and the resultant increase in accidents. These meetings led Congress to make amendments in the existing urban policy.Which term best describes this act of persuading the Congress to amend the urban policy?
Lobbying
People often spread the word about an experience that they have had with a company. Therefore, it is essential for companies to address any dissatisfaction that customers may have while using its products or services. What are the companies supposed to do?
Maintain customer relations
The employees of Mapes, Inc. were not happy with the management after a change in the board of directors. The new management did not put forth any effort to communicate with its employees and the basic needs of the employees were also not addressed. What did the new management fail to do?
Maintain employee relations
EXXforms Ltd. formed a public relations department that spent time and energy to provide reporters with information about the business operations of their clients and employers. This helped the company improve its reputation among the customers, which it had failed to achieve in the initial years. What did the company do differently to achieve this success?
Maintain media relations
Branding and publicity of a product is as important as producing a good product. Keeping this in mind, companies today come up with creative ideas to reach out to potential customers. What is this called?
Maintaining marketing communication relations
What is the primary goal of most organizational websites?
Marketing communications
_____________ uses a feature angle instead of a lead that gives the key message.
Mat feature release
_______ is one of the most widely used methods for evaluating public relations efforts.
Measurement of audience attitudes
Depending on the coverage an organization gets, ___________ can tarnish or enhance its corporate reputation.
Media Relations
As a part of its promotional campaign, a company decided to invite journalists to visit its manufacturing facility. The company offered to cover all the expenses of the journalists such as food, transport, etc. What is this kind of interaction called?
Media Tour
________ indicates that media have an effect on the formation of opinions and attitudes of people.
Media dependency theory
Which is an area where public relations personnel should be sensitive to the issue of privacy?
Media inquiries about employees
To inform the public about newly launched products, companies arrange for a meeting of journalists and product experts. What are these meetings called?
Media interviews
While launching a product in Asia, X-Labs decided to go the traditional way. It distributed folders to journalists, which contained printed materials such as news releases, fact sheets of the company, brochures, etc. What are these folders called, and what are they used for?
Media kits; because they give complete information about the company
An organization approached a radio station and asked them to publicize their products and services. The station promoted those products and services actively on the air through DJ chatter between songs.Which term best describes the organization's approach?
Media sponsored events
Which objective describes the need for public relations personnel to provide materials to the mass media and disseminate other messages through owned media such as newsletters and the organization's websites?
Message exposure
________ are known as the e-generation as they are insatiable consumers of digital media.
Millennials
A product promotion video launched by a company went viral on several social networking sites. The sales of the product doubled. This was a success for the company, as it targeted the right audience through the networking sites. Which group of audience was the company targeting, and why?
Millennials; because 53 percent of this population believe that social media is important in finding information.
Which is one of the functions of a government relations specialist?
Motivate employees to participate in the political process
Sandra, the campaign manager, decides to teach people the steps that will help them prevent various epidemic diseases. What kind of objective did she set for the campaign?
Motivational objective
In today's world, companies are trying to increase their global reach. This requires the evolution of public relations strategies. Considering this scenario, which of the following trends will help shape public relations tactics in the coming years?
Multicultural world
Child labor is one of the biggest problems in Asian countries. This issue has to be taken seriously, and addressed globally. An influential group, which has public trust, can help in doing this. Which of the following groups can be helpful?
Nongovernmental organizations
Foxclub Pvt. Ltd. decided to use the campaign "Each one teach one" for its global operation. It decided to explain the campaign to an organization that would help them implement becoming global, and it was important that the group understand and support the campaign because it had high public trust. Which type of organization was it, and why was it selected?
Nongovernmental; because they are extremely influential all over the world.
A public affairs officer appointed special staff to draft stories favoring his country's position during a military action. In addition, he spent money to make sure that newspapers from the rival country also published news that was beneficial to his country. But, the authorship and the source of the stories remained concealed. This act attracted criticism from various experts.Which term best describes the act of the public affairs officer, and why was it criticized?
Pay for play; because the public affairs officer was engaging in propaganda rather than disseminating information.
On an average, reporters take approximately three seconds to decide whether to read or delete a news release. Why?
People are visual.
Which type of research is regarded as the costliest?
Personal interview
What is one of the pretests to maximize the exposure to a message?
Pilot test
Fur Inc., a shampoo-maker based in Los Angeles, decided to launch a new product to help prevent the occurrence of dandruff. Before marketing the product widely, they publicized the product across selected cities and garnered reaction of the public. What testing method was used, and why did Fur Inc. adopt the method?
Pilot test; because it helps the company restructure or modulate the publicity campaign to maximize exposure
"It provides opportunities for on-air appearances in which the guest expresses opinions and answers call-in questions." To which type of program does the statement refer?
Talk show
Alisha, an American, visited Japan for a work conference and talked a lot about the wonderful facilities in America that were not available in Asia. This created a negative impression of her in the minds of the people with whom she was speaking. What could she have done to avoid this?
Talk small
________ spend one-third of their life online.
Teenagers
A telecom company wanted to increase its customer base. To target a specific group, it launched a promotional offer for SMSes. Which age group was the target of the company, and why did it choose this strategy?
Teenagers; 95 percent of this group has cell phones
Where was Presko, one of the leading public relations firms, started?
Thailand
Sandra hired experts in American Sign Language (ASL) for a campaign. Apart from that, she also planned to use brochures, newsletters, and graphics-heavy web pages. Which audience is the target of the campaign?
The Disability community
While introducing a new item to the menu, a restaurant chain decided to tailor the promotion. The promotion was focused on informing the customers that there was no pork or alcohol in the food items, and it was Halal food. Which community was the company trying to attract?
The Muslim community
"Information can be updated quickly without having to reprint brochures and other materials." Which term best describes this statement?
The Web
George Sivan, the CEO of Olive Flare Inc., was the chief guest on an American talk show. He spoke about his professional journey, ambitions, and career goals. As planned beforehand, the show ended with a positive track.How did the talk show benefit Olive Flare Inc.?
The audience can directly see and hear the guest's ideas and perceptions without anyone's influence.
What possible inference might the audience draw if the size of the meeting room is too large as compared to the number of attendees?
The meeting is a failure as it could not attract the expected number of people.
Members of the new PR team that Globon Inc. recruited are more worried about their high paying jobs than about disseminating information, which is in bad taste and misleading. What is the team's main barrier to professionalism?
Their careerist values
Healthy Childhoods is a nonprofit organization that works towards providing healthcare to underprivileged children. It recently decided to let a toy company use its logo on all its toys, and as part of the deal, a share of the proceeds from these sales will go to Healthy Childhoods every year. What fund-raising method has Healthy Childhoods used by making this deal?
Tie-in
An NGO decided to raise funds for the homeless in their community. They ran the campaign during summers and winters. They found that the funds that they collected during wintertime were almost double what they collected during the summer months. Which element of planning helped to raise maximum funds in winter, and why?
Timing; since it was a seasonal campaign
What is the ultimate goal of any public relations effort?
To achieve organizational objectives
Andrew is the head of a product management team that was about to launch a new product. Before the launch, he decided to do some research. He put the new product information on the website and asked for feedback from the general population. Why was Andrew doing this research?
To define the audience
What is the primary objective of an open house or plant tour?
To develop favorable public opinion about an organization
In this day and age, organizations all over the world have campaigned for donations for various causes. Why have companies started doing this?
To improve corporate philanthropy
Clopine Inc. is the third biggest distributor of raw silk in the state. Recently, the federal government has been debating a new law which, if implemented, would result in a substantial decrease in Clopine's revenues. The owners of Clopine want their company to be a part of some association that can help them lobby against this law. What kind of an association should Clopine join, and why?
Trade group; because members of trade groups work together for the benefit of the entire industry despite being rivals in the market.
Which type of nonprofit organization has members that are manufacturers, wholesalers, or retailers in the same line of business?
Trade groups
In one of its marketing campaigns, Bluebird Corporation compared one of its products with a competitor's product, intending to demean them. In addition, Bluebird did not give any factual or scientific evidence to prove that its product was better than the competitor's product. Thus, the competitor filed a suit against Bluebird Corporation. Of what will the competitor accuse Bluebird Corporation?
Trade libel
DC Corp. participated in an event that included industry professionals and journalists. The company had been preparing for the event for a year, creating videos about their new product, training the employees to provide information about it, and offering useful brochures. The company also promoted its product in advance and exhibited it.In which type of event did DC Corp. participate?
Trade show
What word or slogan helps identify a product's origin?
Trademark
A travel agency failed to gain the public's attention initially, although it was offering services for a range of tourist hotspots. Later, the management approached a consultant in the hopes of getting the problem fixed. The consultant followed a strategy that included identifying target audiences and creating special trips that appealed to them. This resulted in increasing the number of potential travelers, which brought success to their business.The person's role in this scenario is termed as
Travel Promoter
A company hired a PR expert to organize its annual employee-appreciation day and asked that he stay within a certain budget. Even though the PR practitioner found the budget comfortable when accepting the responsibility, at the end of the event he realized he had spent way more money than what the organization approved. Which key PR skill did this person lack?
Planning expertise
A chef produced an audio series where he speaks about different recipes and their preparation. Through this medium, he was able to introduce the audience to material related to his special recipes at any time in a cost-effective manner.What medium did the chef use?
Podcasts
Most organizations publicize their brands and events by issuing micro news releases, giving updates on evolving situations or crisis, and offering their products and services, etc. in the social networking community. In this community, they can easily link documents, websites, photos, and videos by leaving a message.What social networking site does this describe?
To improve the quality of a product, a company decided to launch a website where customers can login and give feedback. By taking this feedback and implementing it, the company was able to improve certain products. Which model of public relations was used by the company?
Two-way asymmetric
With the evolving social networks, today's TV channels can interact with the public. The audience can be heard and the journalists can give their opinions. This helps both parties reach a mutual understanding. Which model of public relation is being used here?
Two-way symmetric
The role of public relations in an organization often depends on which factors?
Type of organization, the perceptions of top management, and the capabilities of the public relations executive
What is the preliminary step in creating a website for an organization?
Understanding its potential customers and its specific requirements
Mr. Reeves was pro-life and believed that aborting a pregnancy was equivalent to taking a life and was, therefore, wrong. His wife, even though not necessarily an advocate of abortions, believed that there should be a choice because an unwanted and unplanned pregnancy can lead to a poor life for the child as well as the mother. What would you call the philosophical path of Mrs. Reeves?
Utilitarian
________ are central beliefs that determine how we will behave in certain situations.
Values
Identify the area where the established ethical guidelines state that (1) intentionally false and misleading information must be avoided, (2) the sponsor must be clearly identified at the beginning of the broadcast and on all advisory materials and scripts, and (3) any persons interviewed must be accurately identified by name, title, and affiliation.
Video news releases
Which tool is being targeted to a variety of audiences through Web syndication, strategic placements in broadcast, cable, and site-based media in retail outlets and hospitals?
Videos news release
________ give(s) information about the number of times a page has been viewed and the number of people who have visited an online site.
Web analytics
Aposites Pvt. Ltd. is a multinational company, with offices and development centers in 35 different countries. It wants to conduct a survey to improve customer experience. The survey has to be conducted from their headquarters, but they wanted customer inputs from all over the world. Which type of survey would best serve this purpose?
Web and e-mail
Silkin Inc., a leading manufacturing company, adopted a technology to assist them in employee training, briefing for financial analysts, and organizing conferences while launching new products to the market. This benefitted the company by saving time and money.What technology does this scenario describe?
Webcasts
The measure of tolerance in a society about unequally distributed decision-making power is called
Power Distance
Mass media can be employed to publicize a cause or product by distributing information that is distorted or exaggerated. What is this model of public relations called?
Press agentry
Companies often arrange lunch or dinner for a group of journalists. This gives the members of the company a chance to get to know the journalists better. What is this kind of media interaction called?
Press party
Before launching a new product, the manager decided to do some research. The research team invited a dozen random people, and asked them about their expectations from the new product. Which type of research is this?
Primary
A fashion academy based in California promoted its products by associating with various production departments and allowing them to dress their actors in the academy's clothing and jewelry in their films. The academy also associated with television shows, believing these had become daily entertainment in which fashion is one of the attracting elements for the viewers.Which term best describes the action of the academy, and why is it important?
Product placement; it gives wide exposure of products compared to brand-sponsored events.
If an organization has a prerequisite that all its potential members have to hold a certain educational degree and a certain number of years of experience in working in a particular field, what can this organization be categorized as?
Professional association
Which strategy is used by manufacturers to engage customers and find out their needs, and then amplify the customer's voice within their own website and through multiple channel marketing strategies?
Word-of-mouth campaigns
After a terror attack, the government released a sketch of the prime suspect in the hopes of getting any possible information from the public. Mass media proved to a big help for achieving this objective. Which model of public relations is effective in this scenario?
Public Information
The top four responsibilities, in rank order, of a particular organization's members are: (1) media relations, (2) writer/editor, (3) marketing communications, and (4) corporate communications. Which organization is the statement talking about?
Public Relations Society of America
A company is assisted by a public relations firm in formulating necessary legal papers and documentation for various supervisory bodies. Which service of the public relations firm is the company utilizing?
Public affairs
Stephen, an officer in the American military, is specially trained to provide background information and accompany the journalists who report on military operations on the warfront. During one of these occasions, he realized that since the lives of the soldiers on the warfront are always at risk, the dissemination of information through the media should be cautiously managed.Which term best describes Stephen's profession?
Public affairs officer
The involvement of a political leader in a large-scale petroleum scam gathered extensive media coverage. People started having discussions and debates in every nook and cranny of the city. Which stage of evolution of issue is this, and how does it contribute in forming a public opinion?
Public awareness; this makes the issue a matter of public discussion
Public relations is used by organizations to communicate with their stakeholders. Relative to this, a certain trend is increasingly becoming commonplace in the 21 st century. What is the trend, and why is it required?
Public demands for transparency; because the modern society wants clarity in all dealings
A division within Sherman Inc. suggested the top management hold an open house featuring product demos, recreational activities, and office tours. Every employee of the company along with numerous company-outsiders was invited to the event. The workers and company guests mingled with each other and discussed the various facets of Sherman Inc., and the event became a grand gala success. Which type of department recommended these steps to top management, and what was the reason behind its recommendation?
Public relations department; to improve community comprehension and create greater rapport.
Who uses social networking for gaining consumer insights, building brand awareness, and creating customer loyalty?
Public relations personnel
During unexpected situations or in a crisis, which adversely affect the operations of hotels, cruise lines, airlines, or even the entire tourism business of a city, state, or country, who takes the responsibility of stabilizing the tourism business?
Public relations professionals
A PR manager working for nonprofit organizations wanted to educate the public about the programs and services offered by the NGO to resolve social issues.Which marketing tool will be useful for the PR manager?
Public service announcement
What person deals exclusively with placement of stories in the media?
Publicist
An automobile company launched a new car. In one of its commercials, the model proclaims that the new car is a supreme invention of technology, and practically flies on the road. What does the statement of opinion in the commercial stand for?
Puffery
Which type of research provides the researcher's detailed perceptions and his or her grasp of a situation, with statistical data being rarely employed?
Qualitative research
The ________ of publicity photos should be good as they are reproduced in a variety of formats.
Quality
________ research uses statistical tabulations and scientific surveys.
Quantitative
Which channels are significant for public relations specialists to reach the American public?
Radio and television
Xeveria Inc., a leading software company, wanted to enhance its brand recognition. To achieve this objective, the management released a brief audio about its updated services and evolved technologies to attract the attention of journalists. Thus, they hoped to obtain an interview for story coverage.In this scenario, which marketing tool will be useful to the management?
Radio news release
______ is one of the objectives of a promotional event.
Raising money for a charitable cause
When a congressman was caught in a sex scandal involving his secretary, his PR team issued a statement that it was just a one-time occurrence. They went onto say that it was nothing like the ongoing affairs many other members of the office had been involved in. Which strategy of image restoration was employed by the congressman's PR team?
Reduce offensiveness
A PR manager tended to repeat his points during one of his presentations. The repetition of the message is aimed at what?
Remembering the message
In case of poor management of an issue by an organization, it takes steps to learn public opinion about itself. What is this process called?
Reputation management
Bella is a public relations officer. Before she launches any campaign, she always studies the needs of the targeted group. What step of public relations is this?
Research
If a PR campaign of an organization failed to have any impact as it did not address the needs of the target audience at all, then which key skill did the PR personnel of that organization lack?
Research ability
A candidate approached a public relations firm to guide his campaign for a run at the governor's mansion. Before the firm committed and formulated a campaign strategy, it decided to gather a group of people and ask them questions about the candidate to learn what the public thought about the candidate. Which step of the public relations process is the firm currently in, and why?
Research and analysis; because the firm is seeking inputs that will help it determine the extent of the PR opportunity that the candidate possesses
Closeall Inc. was getting its office building painted and had to temporarily pull out the iron railings on its fifth floor terrace. The office administrator sent an email to all the employees asking them to refrain from going on that terrace to smoke as it was dangerous without the railing. What can this email be categorized as, and why?
Risk communication; because the office administrator was trying to anticipate possible injury of some of the employees.
Which American president was a former actor, who most often used symbolism and delivered simple and down-to-earth speeches?
Ronald Reagan
What is the usual pattern of seating for a monthly club meeting that features a luncheon?
Round tables of six or eight
Which act was made into a law in 2002 as a consequence of the Enron and WorldCom financial scandals?
Sarbanes-Oxley Act
The CEO of Redd Inc., who was in Chicago, wanted to address journalists about the company's plans. The company arranged for the CEO to sit in front of a camera and had the journalists interview him from their own television studios.What is this form of getting across the organization's views to the public called?
Satellite media tour
The sale of onions soared when it was declared that the year's produce was not sufficient enough. Which principle of influencing people was illustrated in this scenario?
Scarcity
According to Walter Lindenmann, which level of public relations evaluation is characterized by measuring whether the target audience group actually obtained the message focused at them?
Second level
________ research uses data that has been already collected by someone else.
Secondary
In 2006, SM Corp. had an annual income of $12 billion. As part of its expansion plans and new product development, it merged with another company. In the same year, the company made major changes in its management. An audit conducted by a government agency, however, proved that the information provided by the representatives of the new company was partially incorrect. Which government agency has the authority to monitor the information of the company?
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
Which federal agency has the power to examine the financial affairs of publicly traded companies and guard the interests of stockholders?
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
A travel agency specialized in offering premium services such as alumni tours, tours to famous temples located at different places, etc. These tourism services are arranged by pairing compatible elderly widows to share cabins and trips ashore that require little walking within an affordable budget.Which audience does this scenario exclusively address?
Senior citizens
__________ are less easily convinced about new products or ideas, and demand value in the things that they purchase.
Seniors
Kenneth, a food blogger, is paid a handsome fee by a new restaurant to write an article about it. The assignment came with a rider that the blog cannot be posted until the restaurant's owner personally approves the draft. Furthermore, the owner also retains the right to edit anything in the article. Out of the four values of a PR practitioner, which one is Kenneth ignoring the most?
Sense of independence
If the general public accepts the evidence provided by an unreliable source by holding onto the data and over a period of time overlooks the source from which the opinion originated, which concept describes this phenomenon?
Sleeper effect
Andrea, an American, recently moved to London after receiving a job offer there. She, being her usual self, talked fast, ate fast, and moved fast, and her new colleagues did not like her behavior. What could she have done to avoid offending her colleagues?
Slow down
According to David Bowen, what is all about a shift from vertical to horizontal communication on the Web?
Social Media
Whenever Sun Systems Co. launches a product, Tim receives an e-mail from the company. He then visits the website and gets information about the new product. Which part of the company's website does he get this information from?
Online newsrooms
A company sent out an offer inviting the public to visit their offices during work hours. The visit was restricted to a single day. During the visit time, the company paused work to explain to the visitors about their mode of operation and quality of products.Which type of meeting was conducted by the company, and why?
Open house; because the company wanted to create a favorable public opinion
Which type of blog represents the official voice of a firm?
Organizational blogs
Suan Brothers Travel Pvt. Ltd., a leading travel agency in Singapore, always strives to grab the attention of visitors with its unique tourism products. The agencysucceeded in meeting the visitors' requirements by offering transportation, meals, housing, and entertainment services with a professional escort in a single deal.Which term best describes the agency's approach, and how is it helpful?
Packaging; visitors can make all the arrangements earlier and within their budget, which lets them enjoy the trip.
Which is one of the characteristics of "supermoms"?
Participation in online discussions
In a public relations campaign, a speaker structured his presentation using illustrations, catchy slogans, dramatic pictures, and celebrity images. His main intention was to gain the attention of the audience. Which category of audience does the scenario exclusively address?
Passive audience
