comm103 midterm
Which of the following is a metacommunication you might share with your academic adviser if you were thinking about dropping a course?
"I don't understand the instructor's thick accent."
Which of the following statements best indicates that metacommunication is taking place?
"It's not what you said, it's how you said it that upsets me."
Which of the following expressions best describes the idea of empathy?
"Put yourself in my shoes."
In the context of communication, small groups contain about ______ people.
3 to 20
Which of the following is a factual claim?
97% of all climate scientists believe global warming is a reality.
Which of the following is true about pitch and effective delivery?
A deeper pitch conveys confidence. A higher pitch conveys nervousness. A varied pitch conveys energy and dynamism.
Which of the following are true about how people's names define and differentiate them?
A name is an important component of a person's sense of self. A name provides clues about a person's ethnicity. A name is a way that people represent themselves to others.
Which of the following statements are true about considerations a speaker should make about the audience?
A speaker should consider the demographic characteristics of the audience. A speaker should engage in audience analysis.
Baseball, apple pie, and the bald eagle are all symbols of ______ culture.
American
Which of the following are techniques to involve your audience in your speech?
Ask for volunteers. Poll your audience. Invite direct participation.
Which of the following statements about communication is not correct?
Communication has no rules.
Which of the following statements about communication is true, given that it can be used for positive purposes, such as expressing love for our children, but also for negative purposes, such as lying or making threats?
Communication is neither inherently good nor bad.
Which of the following is not a communication myth?
Communication skills are improved by practice.
Which communication myth is illustrated by the belief that lack of effective communication is the primary cause of failing marriages?
Communication will solve any problem.
_____ is providing the meaning of a word or concept.
Defining
Which of the following statements are examples of spiritual principles?
Divine beauty is found in nature. I believe in destiny and fate.
You are reviewing a colleague's informative speech before she presents it at a professional association meeting. The topic is the latest research results on curing Alzheimer's disease. Which main points would be appropriate for the speech?
Early-onset Alzheimer's disease is more resistant to treatment. Available drugs can delay the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
If you are giving a persuasive speech on the poor health of U.S. children, after you have given your attention-grabbing piece, your introduction should then do which of the following?
Establish why the listeners should care about children's health issues. Note that the main purpose of the speech is to establish the three ways that that U.S. children are in poor health.
Which of the following statements best describe how culture influences communication?
Everyone has cultural traits and biases that affect communication. A person may not be aware that culture is influencing his or her own communication.
_____ means to reveal why something occurred or how something works.
Explaining
Communication can solve any problem.
False
True or false: Cognition is the same thing as intrapersonal communication.
False
True or false: Cultural norms affect only the organization of a speech.
False
True or false: Everyone is an expert communicator because we have communicated practically every day of our lives.
False
True or false: Good communicators know that ambiguity is not normal when they interact with people from another culture.
False
True or false: Having an active social life is not a powerful predictor of a person's overall happiness.
False
True or false: If the main points of your speech are equally important, the order that you present them in is not critical.
False
True or false: It is not important to demonstrate why your speech topic relates to your audience.
False
True or false: Language functions to connect us with others but not to separate us from others.
False
True or false: Most cultures cultivate the goals and achievements of individuals and groups equally.
False
True or false: One's ethnicity is directly related to one's culture.
False
True or false: Passive audiences remember more information from speeches than do active audiences.
False
True or false: Presentation aids should always be used, even if they will cause you to go over the allotted amount of time for your speech.
False
True or false: Profanity is language that harms a person's reputation.
False
True or false: Text slides always contain images.
False
True or false: The primary goal of a thesis statement is to choose a specific topic for a speech.
False
True or false: The three rules of outlining are subordination, division, and neutral wording.
False
True or false: Transitions should always be complete sentences.
False
True or false: When you are speaking at a special occasion, everyone who is there knows what the occasion is, so there is no need to cite the occasion.
False
True or false: When you write a speech you can use printed sources or online sources, but you should not use both.
False
If you are presenting an entertaining speech on football versus soccer, which of the following might be useful as a preview transition for your first main point:?
First, consider differences in how you use your feet.
According to research about gossip, which of the following is not true?
Gossip is an uncommon communicative behavior.
Which of the following have highly individualistic cultures?
Great Britain Canada Australia
Gunther worked for an international manufacturing company. He took a business trip to Japan to collaborate with Japanese colleagues. When he made suggestions about changes to the manufacturing schedule, his Japanese colleagues did not object, so Gunther pushed ahead. He later learned his Japanese colleagues did not agree with his idea. Which of the following best explains what happened?
Gunther was guilty of the similarity assumption.
Which of the following are ways to effectively choose or use presentation aids in a speech?
Have a backup plan. Consider the size and arrangement of the room. Practice with your aids.
What are some questions to ask when considering whether the topic is right for you?
How much do I care about this topic? What do I already know about this topic? What do I need to learn about this topic?
Which of the following questions should you ask once you have a potential topic in mind?
How much will my audience care about this topic? How appropriate is this topic for my audience?
If you are presenting a persuasive speech on the need for human exploration of space, which of the following might be useful summary transitions?
In summary, the survival of the species depends on continuing to learn to live and work in space. As I proved, the survival of the species depends on continuing to learn to live and work in space. Thus, the survival of the species depends on continuing to learn to live and work in space.
The term digital divide acknowledges the cultural gap between societies that do not have regular ______ access.
Internet
Which of the following are recommended potential sources of supporting material for a speech?
Internet research personal observations library research interviews
In what ways does spoken language enable us to connect to others?
It allows us to provide support. It allows us to provide comfort. It allows us to share social information.
Which of the following are true about public speaking anxiety?
It can affect individuals psychologically, physically, and behaviorally. It is anxiety brought on by performing in front of an audience. It can be debilitating and cause people to deliver poor performances.
Which of the following are ways that humor can improve our communication with others?
It can diffuse stress. It can make social interactions more pleasant and enjoyable. It can bring us closer to people.
Which of the following are functions of language?
It connects us to others. It expresses who we are. It motivates action.
Which of the following statements are true of the action model of communication?
It depends on the receiver to decode the message. It assumes a one-way process.
Which of the following is true about language?
It has layers of meaning.
Which of the following are characteristics of communication?
It has relational implications. It is affected by the perceptions of the participants. It has literal meanings.
Which of the following is true about hate speech?
It involves calling people derogatory names and advocating violence against them. It is meant to degrade, intimidate, or dehumanize people. It can be based on race, disability status, religion, or sexual orientation.
For which of the following reasons can taking an informal poll related to your topic be useful for involving the audience?
It is a way to gauge listener's opinions or experiences.
Which of the following are characteristics of Information that is credible?
It is believable. It is trustworthy.
Which of the following statements are true about communicating affection?
It is good for people. It is good for relationships.
Which of the following statements is true about language?
It is governed by rules.
Which of the following is true about effectively adapting to the size and arrangement of the room?
It is important to make sure everyone in the audience is able to experience your presentation aids.
Which of the following statements about mindfulness are true?
It is required to communicate effectively with people from other cultures.
Which of the following are true about anticipatory anxiety?
It is the worry people feel when looking ahead to a speech. It peaks immediately before people deliver their speeches.
Language is which of the following?
It is used to communicate meaning. It uses symbols called words. It is a system of symbols.
Which of the following describe how language expresses who we are?
It names us. It enhances our credibility. It identifies us.
Which of the following statements about the transaction model are true?
It sees conversations as simultaneous two-way flows. It treats conversation participants as both sources and receivers.
Which statements about the interaction model of communication are correct?
It treats communication as a two-way process. It includes feedback. It includes context.
Which of the following are true about using effective volume during a speech?
It will be influenced by the size of the room. It will be influenced by the size of the audience. It will depend on whether you're using a microphone.
Which of the following statements about jargon are correct?
Jargon is language with a technical meaning. Jargon may not be understood by persons outside the co-culture that uses it. Jargon is intended for understanding by people within a given co-culture.
Which of the following are ways to make your speech easy to listen to?
Keep your message short Repeat key points. Start with familiar concepts. Use clear language.
Which one of the following is a good way to make it easier for your audience to listen to your speech?
Keep your message short.
Which of the following countries have collectivistic cultures?
Korea Japan
Which of the following are true about language?
Language is bound by culture. The values of a society are reflected in its use of language. Use of language varies by culture.
Which of the following statements are true about language?
Language is symbolic. Words represent objects.
Which of the following best exemplifies uncertainty avoidance?
Mahnoosh declines a dinner invitation at a Korean restaurant because he has never eaten Korean food before.
Which of the following should you consider when preparing presentation aids?
Make sure everyone will be able to see, hear, touch, taste, or smell the presentation aids you plan to use. If using presentation software, make sure the font is large enough for everyone to read.
Which of the following best describes instrumental needs?
Most day-to-day communication is about meeting instrumental needs.
Which of the following are considered reputable sources?
Nature magazine Scientific American magazine Los Angeles Times
_____ is misrepresenting someone else's words or ideas as your own.
Plagiarism
You have assembled information to deliver a persuasive speech on the need for coastal wind farms. Your main points are the shortfall in domestic energy sources, the potential of green technologies, and the advantages of exploiting local energy options. Given these main points, which of the following organizational patterns is most appropriate?
Problem-solution pattern
Which of the following are true about the psychological effects of public speaking anxiety?
Public speaking anxiety is influenced by delivery style. Public speaking anxiety may be lessened by knowledge of the topic. Public speaking anxiety may begin as soon as the speech is assigned.
Which of the following should one remember to do when using channel-lean media?
Review your message before sharing it. Use emoji to convey emotion. Clarify your meaning wherever possible.
When Sam got up in the morning, he took a shower, chatted with his wife and kids at breakfast, and then went to work. At work, he asked a colleague to review a proposal, confirmed a lunch date with a friend, and wrote a memo to justify his request for a raise. Which of the following statements best describes this account?
Sam mostly addressed his instrumental needs.
Which of the following are accommodations you should make for an audience that may have difficult hearing?
Speak clearly. Use appropriate volume when speaking. Have visual aids large enough to be easily seen.
Which of the following are true about the rate of speaking and effective delivery?
Speakers may need to adapt their rate to the audience. Research finds that speaking at a faster rate is more persuasive to audiences. A speaker should avoid speaking too fast.
Which of the following statements are true about the size of the audience?
Speakers should adapt to an audience based on its size. The larger the audience, the more formally structured the presentation should be.
The purpose statement of a speech defines the speaker's ________ goals.
Specific
_____ are simply numbers that you can use to support your claim and help make a point more informatively.
Statistics
Sunny is giving a speech to a group of senior citizens. As she starts planning her speech, she gets details about where the speech will be delivered, how large the audience will be, and how much time she will have to speak. Which of the following best explains what Sunny is doing?
Sunny is considering the speaking context.
_____ for the word happy include merry and joyful, while _____ for the word happy would be sad and unhappy.
Synonyms; antonyms
What are some the consequences of a poorly organized speech where the speaker jumps from one point to other seemingly unrelated points?
The audience has a hard time following along. The audience is left with a poor impression of the speaker's competence. The audience will be not able to recall as much of the information.
Which of the following statements are true about volume and effective delivery?
The volume of the speaker's voice should be appropriate to the size of the audience. The volume of the speaker's voice should be appropriate to the size of the room. Speakers should vary their volume for emphasis throughout their speeches.
Which of the following are true about scripted speeches? Check all that apply.
They are delivered word for word from a manuscript. They may be timed. They are common when the exact wording of the speech is crucial.
Which of the following choices accurately describe text slides?
They are often created with presentation software. They display textual material. They can be electronic forms of presentation aids.
Which of the following are true about good presentations?
They can greatly influence listeners. They can prove to be life changing.
Which of the following are ways in which presentation aids can enhance your speech?
They improve audience learning. They improve audience recall. They improve audience attention.
True or false: Communication includes writing.
True
True or false: Culture can affect the way people communicate even without their recognizing it.
True
True or false: Defining is one method of informing in a speech.
True
True or false: Differences, including views about masculinity and femininity, power distance, and orientation toward time, influence how people from different cultures communicate with one another.
True
True or false: If people treat you as being intelligent, you will be more likely to believe that you have that trait.
True
True or false: Interviews, Internet articles, and sound recordings are all potential sources of supporting material for a speech.
True
True or false: One of the primary social functions of language is that it allows us to express affection.
True
True or false: your outline should reflect your speech thesis and purpose.
True
Most speeches address how many main points?
Two to five
Why did the officer presume the guilt of 14-year-old Santiago Ventura?
Ventura answered "yes" to all of the officer's questions.
Which of the following are two questions to guide your brainstorming to identify potential topics?
What topics do you care about? What topics are in the news?
Which of the following statements is true of situation-specific communication?
What works in one context may not in another.
Which of the following are true about citing sources within speeches?
When displaying data through presentation software, the speaker should include the source on the slide. A speaker should give credit to the source of any information presented. Any source information which is not cited constitutes plagiarism.
Which of the following are true about presentation aids and source citations?
When displaying data with presentation software, the speaker should include the source on the slide. It is important to give credit to the source of any information you present, including presentation aids.
According to communication accommodation theory, which of the following is true regarding the relationship between dialect and credibility?
When we speak to an audience with a different dialect, they may view us as outsiders and therefore question our credibility. We gain credibility with our audience when we speak to them in a familiar dialect.
Which of the following are principles that can help you distinguish between opinions and factual claims?
You can verify a factual claim. You can agree or disagree with an opinion.
Which of the following are true about the relationship between effective speech delivery and posture and body movement?
You should avoid slouching or hanging your head when speaking. Keeping your back straight and head up is the most effective posture for a speech. A good time to move during a speech is during a transition.
Which of the following are true about how to improve your language use?
You should avoid using language that is too simple for your audience. You should avoid using language that is too complex for your audience. You should try to speak at an appropriate level of complexity for your audience.
How can remembering your goal help you use presentation aids effectively?
Your aids should not be the focus of your speech. Aids are meant simply to assist the speaker.
If your purpose statement is, "to teach the audience about the meaning of a credit score," which of the following main points would be appropriate?
Your credit score can influence your chances for employment. The higher the number, the better the credit score. You need a score above 660 to qualify for a conventional mortgage.
In terms of the communication process, tone of voice functions as
a communication channel.
Speech transitions can be characterized as either
a complete sentence or a word or phrase
A communication model is which of the following?
a formal description of the communication process
Properly used presentation aids are
a good way to enhance a presentation.
An electronic display of information (pictures, words, numbers) in a visually compelling format is known as
a graphic slide.
The statement, "Imagine you can't go outside because the smog is so thick you can't breathe," asks your listeners to consider the information you are presenting them without asking for a response. This is an example of
a hypothetical situation.
The thesis statement of a speech can be described as
a one-sentence version of your message.
If your speech starts with a passage from Martin Luther King Junior's "I have a Dream" speech, it is using _____ as support.
a quotation
A model is
a representation of an object.
Which of the following are common among the action and interaction models of communication but not the transactional model?
a series of back-and-forth messages separate source and receiver roles
Which of the following definitions explains what a slogan is?
a short and memorable phrase that motivates people
Which of the following statements describes a working outline?
a structured set of all the points and subpoints
According to research, the single most important predictor of happiness in life is
a successful marriage.
Which of the following are examples of graphic slides?
a table a chart a picture
In a library, each book has
a unique catalog number.
Which of the following definitions applies to the term cliché?
a word or phrase that was once novel but has lost its effect due to overuse
A questionnaire is
a written instrument containing questions for people to answer.
The three rules of outlining involve all the following except
abbreviation
A word that refers to a broad category or organizing concept of objects is described as
abstract
It is possible for public speaking anxiety to be an advantage if you ______ it.
accept
Which of the following will help you use public speaking anxiety as an advantage?
accepting public speaking anxiety as a normal response
Which characteristics of jargon help members of a co-culture communicate?
accurate specific efficient
The communication model that treats communication as a one-way process is the ______ model.
action
To ______ is to change your behavior to accommodate what others are doing.
adapt
Finding out your audience's facility with computer-mediated communication can be useful information in determining the ______ of your listeners.
age
Believing that ______ is characteristic of low-power-distance cultures.
all men and women are equal
A lack of certainty of what to say or how to act in a social situation is called
ambiguity
A speech that is carefully prepared to sound as though it is being delivered spontaneously is
an extemporaneous speech.
"Kicking the bucket" is an example of
an idiom.
Which of the following is an example of a non-electronic presentation aid?
an object
Which of the following is not a type of support you can use for claims in your speech?
an untruth
Which of the following are common consequences of public speaking anxiety?
an urge to escape the situation the mind going blank
A specific form of anxiety that can occur as soon as a speech is assigned is called ______ anxiety.
anticipatory
When deciding on a topic for a speech, the topic must be
appropriate
Above all, you should choose a speech topic that is
appropriate.
Ideally, you should devote ______ to each main point?
approximately the same amount of time
That a word like "duck" has no characteristics of a duck--the word "duck" cannot fly, does not have a bill or webbed feet, and does not quack--represents the concept that language is usually
arbitrary
Unlike relational communication needs, identity needs
are formed in part by comparing the self to others.
Health can decline quickly when individuals are deprived of communication, such as when they
are in solitary confinement.
Studies conducted in educational settings confirm that when teachers present organized and coherent lessons, their students
are more motivated to learn.
After brainstorming potential topics, the next step in the topic-selection process is to identify topics that
are right for you.
Speaking notes are different from a working outline because they
are shorter.
When we say there has been a breakdown in communication, it usually means that individuals
are still communicating but doing so ineffectively.
Public speaking anxiety usually decreases
as individuals prepare for their speeches.
When making a list for brainstorming your goal is to generate
as many ideas as possible.
A speech about how to create an avatar in "Second Life," a virtual reality game, would be too complex for the entire audience to try at once. However, a speaker could ______ to help demonstrate.
ask for a volunteer
In addition to using stories and statistics, which of the following approaches can be used to develop a lively introduction?
asking the audience a question using a new or old joke referring to a local landmark citing an expert's opinion
According to studies, which of the following topics do men tend to be more interested in than women?
athletics finance career advancement
Which of the following describes the act of thinking carefully about the characteristics of your listeners so that you can address them in the most effective way?
audience analysis
Which of the following conditions is the most likely to affect a person's capacity to empathize?
autism
Presentation aids that are incorporated properly into a presentation will
avoid distracting the audience.
It is not enough to simply find good supporting material. You must also
avoid plagiarism.
Joshua tells his audience that after doing research on skin cancer, he believes that sun bathing is a leading cause of skin cancer. He notes that this is not a fact but his interpretation of the research. Joshua is being an ethical speaker because he is
being clear about speculating.
Which of the following is a value of individualistic cultures?
being oneself
Which of the following help people communicate with cultural awareness?
being open-minded being able to adapt to others knowing different communication codes
Santiago Ventura never made eye contact with the police officer because Mixtec Indians
believe that it is rude to look people directly in the eye.
Interpersonal communication is
between two people.
The main act of your speech is the
body
Which of the following is NOT a periodical?
book
The transaction model of communication maintains that people in a conversation are
both sources and receivers.
Which of the following is the first step in the process of selecting a topic?
brainstorming
Which of the following are part of the process of selecting a topic?
brainstorming identifying appropriate topics for your audience identifying appropriate topics for the occasion
Knowledge about how idioms, jargon, and gestures differ from society to society
can help you improve the effectiveness of intercultural communication.
The pathway through which we communicate is called the
channel
Standard instant messaging is an example of a ______ context.
channel-lean
Tweeting, sending email, and instant messaging, all rely on ______ media.
channel-lean
Environments that incorporate multiple communication channels at once are called
channel-rich contexts.
Which of the following would not create a good attention getter in a speech?
citing academic credentials
What is the process of engaging in honest, authentic, and respectful conversation with others called?
civil dialogue
Which of the following are skills that civil communicators practice?
civil listening honesty openness to change care with language
Which of the following describes a word or phrase that was novel at one time but has lost its effect because of overuse?
cliché
The name for a group of people who share values, customs, and norms related to mutual interests, not nationality, is
co-culture.
Like cultures, smaller groups called ______ develop distinctive symbols, language, values, and norms.
co-cultures
Communication ______ are verbal and nonverbal behaviors whose meanings are often understood only by people from the same culture.
codes
Anna doesn't show up for a date she had planned with Claude. Before Claude calls her to ask what happened, he considers several possibilities, including "Maybe she's sick or has been in a car accident." This is an example of applying
cognitive complexity.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of competent communicators?
cognitive simplicity
People in ______ cultures place a high value on duty and loyalty.
collectivistic
Which of the following refers to verbal and nonverbal behaviors whose meanings are often understood only by people from the same culture?
communication codes
A recent survey of U.S. employers by the National Association of Colleges and Employers suggests that
communication skills are the most valued characteristic of a prospective employee.
When preparing a speech, you should consider and address the ______ demands for your audience's attention.
competing
The ability to formulate multiple explanations for a specific situation is called cognitive
complexity
If you are discussing topics related to the Internet, you may need to take into consideration the general age of the members of the audience in order to assess their familiarity with ______ communication.
computer-mediated
A speech topic about freedom falls under which speech topic category?
concepts
Speech topics centered on ______ are about abstract ideas.
concepts
The two main tasks of the _____ in your speech are to reinforce your central message and to create a memorable moment for the audience.
conclusion
A word that refers to a specific object in the world can be referred to as
concrete
A report of research that has been accepted for presentation at an academic meeting is called a
conference paper.
The first public presentation of a study, before the study is published, is known as a
conference paper.
When 91% of surveyed U.S. adults report that their communication skills are above average, they are
confusing experience with expertise.
Defining the word dog as a "human's best friend" represents what kind of meaning?
connotative
The ideas or concepts that a word suggests constitute its ______ meaning.
connotative
Which meaning of the word love is reflected in the saying "love means never having to say you're sorry"?
connotative
Loaded language refers to
connotative meaning.
The difference between low- and high-______ cultures is primarily found in how directly or indirectly members express themselves in language.
context
Language is bound by which of the following?
context culture
Persuasion is the process of _____ people to think or act in a certain way.
convincing
Which of the following are strategies for drawing and holding your listeners' attention?
creating a hunger for information making learning easy involving your audience
Which of the following are the two main tasks of the conclusion of a speech?
creating a memorable moment for listeners reinforcing your thesis statement
By relating your topic to yourself, you demonstrate to your audience that you are knowledgeable about the topic and are able to speak with authority. This is an example of
credibility
Language expresses who we are by naming and identifying us and by enhancing our
credibility
Language has the power to enhance or diminish our ______, the extent to which others perceive us to be competent and trustworthy.
credibility
Language is intimately tied to issues of ___________.
credibility
Relating your topic to yourself establishes that you have ______ because you have training, personal experience, or a vested interest in what you are saying.
credibility
When we trust a doctor's health advice over that of a waiter, we are assigning ______ on the basis of the doctor's expertise.
credibility
Which of the following describes the extent to which others perceive us to be competent and trustworthy?
credibility
Which of the following ways of using language can be abusive or beneficial, depending on how they are used?
criticism profanity
The term "______" describes the totality of learned, shared ideas that distinguish one group of people from another.
culture
An electronic storehouse of specific information that people can search is a ___________.
database
An electronic storehouse of specific information that people can search is a
database.
Showing how to do something by doing as it is the definition of ___________.
demonstrating
On Rachel Ray's cooking show, she explains how to bake an apple pie while actually baking it. Her showing the audience how to bake an apple pie is an example of a(n)
demonstration
A word's literal meaning, which is how a dictionary defines the word, is known as the word's ______ meaning.
denotative
Defining greenhouse gases as "atmospheric gases that absorb and emit radiation," is an example of what kind of meaning?
denotative
In an informative speech about deforestation, you use vivid words to explain to your audience what a particular place in the Amazon rain forest was like before and after all the trees had been cut down. In this instance, you are _____ what a place was like.
describing
Using words to depict or portray a person, place, an object, or an experience is known as
describing
One way to deal effectively with public speaking anxiety is to
desensitize yourself to speaking situations.
If you call a soft drink "pop" you are using
dialect
Which of the following describes the language variations shared by people of a certain region or social class?
dialect
The difference between masculine and feminine cultures is the degree to which a culture
differentiates sex-specific roles.
Using an unfamiliar dialect when speaking to a local audience can ______ our credibility.
diminish
Jack was giving a speech about the 2020 U.S. Census, but he was not sure how to interpret the meaning of the statistics. Jack is at risk of drawing conclusions from the information that are not warranted because he
doesn't understand the information he is reporting.
When a speaker uses language that is inappropriately simple for the audience, the speaker is talking
down to people.
Which of the following are other ways that interviews can be conducted?
e-mail Zoom text messaging
Culturally sensitive speakers recognize that many cultural minorities have histories of which of the following types of oppression? (Select all that apply.)
economic social political
The ______ of communication is more important than the quantity.
effectiveness
Text slides, graphic slides, video, and audio are all examples of
electronic presentation aids.
A speaker tells a few amusing anecdotes and says a joke or two in order to help the audience to have an enjoyable time. This is a speech to
entertain.
If your purpose is to impart information to your audience, you have a responsibility to be ______, ensuring that your information is true and accurate.
ethical
Using information from only reputable sources, understanding the information you're reporting, incorporating verbal footnotes, and being clear when you are speculating are four ways to ensure you are being
ethical
Which of the following is not a component of cultures and co-cultures?
ethnicity
Which of the following specifically refers to the perception of an individual's ancestry or heritage?
ethnicity
Culture affects communication through all the following except
ethnocentric distance.
In defining the word rhetoric, you state that it is derived from the Greek words rhetorike techne meaning "art of an orator." This is an example of a(n)
etymology
The _____ of a term is its origin or history.
etymology
A(n) ______ is a specific type of speech made to honor the memory of people after their death.
eulogy
A vague, mild expression that substitutes for something that is harsher or more blunt is known as a(n)
euphemism
Slang is closely related to __________, in that it substitutes formal terminology with informal or unconventional language.
euphemism
When topics are difficult to talk about directly, speakers may use vague or mild language, also known as __________, as a substitute for harsher terms.
euphemism
A speech about the impact of the World Trade Center attack on 9/11 on U.S. culture would constitute what type of speech topic?
events
During a speech about converting to Judaism, Josh explained the significance of the conversion ritual. This is an example of what type of speech topic?
events
Jargon allows people to communicate in ways that are
exact
Even when your audience understands your topic, they may still benefit from hearing specific instances, or _____, as support.
examples
One way to help your audience understand a concept is to share real and specific ________ that help make the topic more concrete.
examples
Which of the following describes the function of the body of a speech?
expand on your main points
Which of the following help give a source credibility for your topic?
experience in the field training in the field
Which of the following are culturally universal experiences. (Select all that apply.)
experiencing pride and shame distinguish right and wrong sharing gossip valuing loyalty
In informative speeches it is common to reveal why something occurred or how something works. This is the definition of
explaining
If you are going to be using a presentation aid that contains disturbing or upsetting imagery
explicitly warn your audience at the beginning of your presentation.
Spending an approximately equal amount of time on each main point of a speech will help you to
express their relative importance.
Which method of speech delivery is carefully prepared to sound as though it is being delivered spontaneously?
extemporaneous
Which of the following are visual elements that affect the delivery of a speech?
eye contact personal appearance facial expressions body posture
One important visual element of effective delivery is
facial expression.
Which elements does the interaction model add to the action model?
feedback and context
In order to take advantage of your public speaking anxiety, you should ______ your nervous energy.
focus
Which of the following will enable you to take advantage of your public speaking anxiety?
focusing your nervous energy
In general, the larger the audience, the more ______ structured you should make your presentation.
formally
A website that allows you to search for other websites containing information on a topic that you specify is called a ______ search engine.
general
Which of the following are basic kinds of websites that public speakers use when searching online for supporting material?
general search engines, research search engines, and website-specific searches
Which of the following are the primary goals of a good speech introduction?
generating audience interest in the topic previewing the content of the speech
A study of doctor-patient consultations found that the more doctors talked, the more likely they were to
get off track and forget about patients' problems.
We speak to ______ when we deliver a speech paying tribute to a person, place, or event.
give honor
Your purpose statement is a declaration of your specific ______ for your speech.
goal
A common communication myth is that communication is inherently
good
Which of the following is informal talk that is typically judgmental about people who are not present in the conversation?
gossip
Cultures differ in the amount of emphasis they place on individuals versus
groups
Ethical speakers do not use presentation aids which might ______ their audiences.
harm or disgust
Which of the following describes profanity meant to degrade, intimidate, or dehumanize persons based on their sex, national origin, sexual orientation, religion, race, disability status, or political or moral views?
hate speech
Although there are individual variations, women are more likely than men to be interested in which topics?
health care education social justice
A culture that believes that political power should be concentrated in a royal family or a ruling political party is called a(n) ______ culture.
high-power-distance
In what type of society do individuals learn to obey and respect parents and teachers without question?
high-power-distance
Power is not distributed evenly in ______ cultures.
high-power-distance
Which of the following should you consider regarding the time available for your speech?
how long will it take to set up your presentation aids how much time will it require during the speech to use your presentation aids
By bringing us closer to other people, as well as making social interaction more pleasant and enjoyable, ______ can enhance our communication with others.
humor
Every culture has its own symbols that stand for ______ that are important in that culture.
ideas
A phrase whose meaning is purely figurative is a(n)
idiom
A speech that you deliver "on the spot," with little or no preparation, is an ______ speech.
impromptu
Which of the following describes a speech that you deliver "on the spot" with little or no preparation?
impromptu
People on your Facebook "friends" list constitute a(n)
in-group.
Groups with whom you identify are called
in-groups.
The statement, "According to the Centers for Disease Control," is an example of what kind of ethical speaking?
incorporating verbal footnotes
Which of the following are types of plagiarism (intellectual theft)?
incremental theft global theft patchwork theft
Which best describes a culture in which people believe their primary responsibility is to themselves?
individualistic
The speaking goal that gives listeners information they do not already have is called speaking to
inform.
As a speaker you can inspire interest and a desire to learn about your topic by creating ______.
information hunger
Which type of speaking is publicly addressing others to increase their knowledge, understanding, or skills?
informative speaking
The main points in a speech can be organized according to all the following except
intentionality.
One recommended approach to brainstorming topics is to generate a list of topics that are
interesting to you.
Which of the following is the most common form of communication that people engage in?
interpersonal communication
One method of surveying people is by ______ them, which is a structured conversation where one person poses questions and another person responds.
interviewing
Which form of communication involves communicating with yourself?
intrapersonal communication
A host says a few words about someone's hometown, education, previous work experience, and hobbies. This host is giving a speech to
introduce.
When you involve your listeners in your speech by asking them to perform some action to help them understand the topic, you are
inviting direct participation.
A subjective source
is perceived as less trustworthy than an objective source.
A speech on the environmental impact of the BP oil spill would most likely focus on
issues
Which type of topic focuses on problems or points of controversy in which people desire resolution?
issues
The technical medical terminology physicians use to communicate among themselves about medical conditions and treatments is known as
jargon
Which of the following are types of communication codes that tend to differ significantly from society to society?
jargon idioms gestures
To help your audience retain more of the information that you present, it is important that you repeat
key points.
What feature of culture ensures that ideas are passed from one generation to the next?
language
Which of the following is defined as a structured system of symbols used for communicating meaning?
language
Which of the following are shared components of a given culture? Check all that apply.
language symbols values
Because many words suggest ideas that are different from what they literally mean,
language has layers of meaning.
Systems of written and spoken communication are known as
language.
Environments that use relatively few channels are called channel-______ contexts.
lean
Which of the following refers to defamatory statements made in print or some other fixed medium, such as a photograph?
libel
Which of the following are potential sources of supporting material for a speech?
library research personal observations Internet research interviews
U.S. audiences typically prefer speeches that are organized
linearly.
The ______ meaning of a word is known as its denotative meaning.
literal
Using the term "death panel" for a group that reviews the medical procedures a person can have under his or her health care coverage is an example of ______ language
loaded
Being taught to question authority is characteristic of a(n) ______ culture.
low-power-distance
The belief that no one is inherently better than anyone else is an example of a ______ culture.
low-power-distance
As supporting material you can also use observations
made by others.
When you have a presentation aid to use, it should be
made visible only when you are ready to use it.
The _____ of a speech expresses a specific idea or theme related to the topic of the speech.
main point
It is fine to include inferences or speculations in an informative speech as long as you
make it clear that they aren't facts.
Cultures that are ______ value ambition, achievement, the acquisition of material goods, and gender specific roles; whereas those that are ______ value nurturing, the quality of life, and service to others.
masculine; feminine
Facial expression is an important element of effective delivery and should be appropriate to the topic and
match the tone of voice. vary throughout the speech.
In the context of communication, which of the following best completes this sentence: "Because words by themselves are symbols, they have no inherent ______ until someone uses them."
meaning
Which type of speech delivery is composed word for word and then delivered from memory?
memorized
Which of the following are styles of speech delivery?
memorized extemporaneous scripted impromptu
Speeches that are composed word for word but delivered without a script or notes are called
memorized speeches.
Which of the following are NOT consequences of public speaking anxiety?
mental flexibility
Research has shown that people with strong ties to family and friends are less likely to suffer from which of the following?
mental illness high blood pressure premature death
Being aware of how behaviors and ways of thinking differ between cultures is called
mindfulness
A formal description of the process of communication is called a communication
model
Which of the following describes a representation of an object?
model
A ______ orientation toward time treats time as a valuable commodity, as in "Time is money."
monochronic
Swiss, German, and U.S. societies are examples of ______ cultures, which view time as valuable.
monochronic
Wealthy listeners are often ______ audiences.
more educated more widely traveled older
Many speakers forget that listeners
must understand what you're saying before they can learn from it.
Which of the following is NOT included in demographic characteristics?
name
You are planning to give a speech about Italy. The first thing you'll need to do in planning your speech on this subject is to:
narrow the scope of the speech
Which of the following is a use of language that separates us from others?
negative campaign advertisements
Forms of language, such as euphemism, slang, and profanity, are
neither entirely bad nor entirely good.
Communication breaks down when we are
no longer communicating effectively.
Anything that interferes with the receiver's ability to address a message is called
noise.
The common components of cultures are symbols, language, values, and
norms
The rules or expectations that guide people's behavior in a culture are known as
norms
___________ are rules or expectations that guide people's behavior in a culture.
norms
Which of the following are often adopted by co-cultures to distinguish their members from outsiders?
norms language values
Presentation aids are meant to assist the speaker and should
not be the focus of the speech.
When speaking to give honor to a person, place, or event, the most common way to generate attention is by
noting the importance of the occasion.
A speech topic centered on a(n) _____ is categorized as any nonhuman entity.
object
Using a traditional mortar and pestle as a presentation aid is the use of a(n) ______ in a presentation.
object
A source that presents information in a trustworthy, unbiased fashion is
objective
You can avoid crossing the line from informative to persuasive speaking by being
objective
When you avoid trying to convince your listeners of a particular point of view, you are speaking
objectively.
A speech about the iPhone is what kind of speech topic?
objects
Personal ______ are a potential source of good supporting material for presentations.
observations
The fourth and last step in the topic selection process is identifying the topics which are appropriate for the
occasion
Deception has become more common in certain communication venues, such as
online personal ads.
In your presentation, be sure to include
only as much information as you can cover within the time you're given.
It is important for a speaker to separate ______ from factual claims.
opinions
Statements of belief about what ought to be true, not what is true, are
opinions
Which of the following are true about audience analysis?
ou should consider the demographic characteristics of your audience. It is a very important part of the speech preparation process.
People you have deleted from your Facebook "friends" list represent a(n)
out-group.
Groups you see as different from yourself are called
out-groups.
When you are building a speech, the _____ serves the role of a guideline for the design of your speech and what to include in the speech.
outline
Which of the following topics might not appeal to a lower-income audience?
ownership of a second home
When speakers invite direct ______, they ask the audience to perform some action to help in understanding the topic.
participation
Brett's speech about Lady Gaga's life and rise to fame falls under the speech topic category of
people
Sue gave a speech about President Lincoln. Her speech falls under which type of speech topic category?
people
Which of the following are types of non-electronic presentation aids?
people handouts objects
If you distrust directions given to you by a tipsy stranger, you are applying ______ filters.
perceptual
Which of the following will help you effectively deal with public speaking anxiety?
performing many speeches desensitizing yourself to speaking situations
Which of the following describes materials that are published on a regular basis such as magazines, newspapers, and academic journals?
periodicals
When we speak to ______, our goal is to appeal to our listeners to think or act in a certain way.
persuade
Which of the following describes the process of convincing people that they should think or act in a certain way?
persuasion
Studies find that speaking at a faster rate makes a speaker more
persuasive.
Which of the following is not a major type of noise in the communication process?
physiatristic
The distracting hum of a light fixture is ______ noise.
physical
The ______ the people in the audience are important characteristics in audience analysis because they can affect how well your speech will be understood.
physical and mental capabilities of
How high or deep your voice sounds is measured as vocal
pitch.
A speech topic about England falls under which topic category?
places
Anthony's speech about the surface of Mars included the following description: "There are low-lying plains in the northern hemisphere, but the southern hemisphere is marked with impact craters." Anthony's speech falls under which category?
places
Speeches generally have between two and five main ___________ .
points
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a small group?
poor conflict resolution
Anything that stimulates the listeners' senses meets the definition of ______ aid.
presentation
Which of the following describes anything that stimulates the listeners' senses?
presentation aids
A statement of your main points in the introduction to your speech that helps your listeners know what they should listen for is called a(n)
preview
A ______ is a type of transition that lets the audience know that you are moving to a new topic.
preview transition
Which of the following is NOT a way you can search for books in a library?
price
A speech about how water erosion creates a canyon falls under which type of speech topic category?
processes
A speech that focuses on how to bake a pie falls under which type of speech topic category?
processes
Which of the following describes language that is considered vulgar, rude, or obscene in the context in which it is used?
profanity
Which of the following are the primary social functions of language?
providing comfort and support expressing affection sharing social information
In answering the questions "Will the audience be persuaded or entertained?" and "Is it formal or somber?" you are considering what factor of your speaking context?
purpose
When preparing for a speech, you should consider your speech's ______, or the reason why the audience will gather to listen.
purpose
Which of the following describes the method of surveying people through a written instrument which contains questions for people to answer?
questionnaire
Which of the following is not a demographic characteristic?
rate of speech
If your audience is small, an excellent way to connect to listeners is to
refer to them individually.
What are the three corners of the semantic triangle?
reference symbol referent
"Amy, last week we heard you describe what it was like volunteering for the 'get out the vote' campaign. Today, I'd like to tell the group about the differences between Republican, Democrat, and Independent political platforms." Which kind of technique to involve the audience is this the speaker using in this example?
referring to individual listeners
In general, regardless of your topic, the main points of a speech should be
related to one another.
To "frame" your topic appropriately means that you present your topic in a captivating way that
relates the topic to yourself and to your audience.
The best posture to maintain during a speech is one that is
relaxed but confident.
In Terry's speech about the BP oil spill in the Gulf Mexico, Terry explains how the effects of the spill have affected members of her audience. Terry is therefore showing the audience the ______ of the topic.
relevance
If a main point in your proposed speech is not related to the thesis, the best options are to
replace the point delete the point
Of the following choices, Internet ______ is the best potential source of supporting material.
research
Whether there is an electric socket available or a projector for a video are examples of the ______ for your speech.
resources available
Unlike a poll, asking your audience to imagine a hypothetical situation does not require the audience to
respond
Transactional communication typically takes place in channel-______ environments.
rich
On an airplane flight attendants give a short informational speech about what to do in case of an emergency landing. First-time passengers, in particular, pay attention because the information satisfies the passengers' basic physical need to know how to stay alive. In this situation, the flight attendant is
satisfying information hunger.
Which of the following types of delivery is read word-for-word from a manuscript exactly as written?
scripted
Joy, a freshman in an introductory speech class, gave an informative speech about her university's proposed tuition hike. Joy explained how the tuition increase would impact her and her audience. Joy was successful in capturing and maintaining her audience's attention because she effectively ______ her topic.
selected and framed
Which of the following are elements of effective communication?
selecting a strategy for reaching your communication goals identifying your communication goals understanding unique cultural expectations using more than one communication strategy to reach your communication goals
Because the United States is one of the most culturally diverse countries in the world, effective speakers should speak in culturally ______ ways.
sensitive
Negative campaign advertisements are an example of the use of language to
separate people from each other ideologically.
What are some characteristics that might be suggested by a person's first name?
sex age group ethnicity
Single words or short phrases that separate one part of a speech from another are known as
signposts
Presuming that most people think the same way we do, without asking ourselves whether it is true, is called
similarity assumption.
When preparing presentation aids, a speaker should strive for
simplicity
Which of the following should you consider as you choose your presentation aids?
size and arrangement of the room time available for your speech the resources available for you to use
Which of the following describes a defamatory statement that is made aloud, within earshot of others?
slander
Which of the following describes the use of informal and often unconventional words that are understood only by others in a particular group?
slang
If your speech is ______ your allotted time, your audience is likely to be appreciative.
slightly less than
Which of the following describes a short and memorable phrase that will motivate people to become customers?
slogan
Which of the following factors should be considered when analyzing an audience?
socioeconomic status age culture
The rule of subordination specifies that
some concepts in your speech are more important than others.
The action model of communication describes a one-way model of the communication process, which begins with the ______ and ends with the ______.
source; receiver
Which speaking goal seeks to amuse the audience?
speaking to entertain
Which of the following has the primary goal of providing an audience with information they do not already have?
speaking to inform
Which of the following speaking goals introduces another person?
speaking to introduce
Which speaking goal seeks to guide listeners to adopt a specific attitude or enact a particular behavior?
speaking to persuade
Impromptu, extemporaneous, scripted, and memorized are styles of
speech delivery.
Remarking "it is never okay to steal" is an example of using communication to meet a(n) ______ need.
spiritual
Which description of a political candidate is least likely to appeal to voters' perceptual filters?
stamp collector
Numbers used to support claims are called
statistics
When you use numbers identified through research, you are using _____ as supporting material.
statistics
Public speaking anxiety is a common form of
stress.
Which of the following are ways to be open-minded about cultural differences?
striving to become aware of how your culture is different from another culture avoiding the urge to judge differences in a negative light
A source is _____ when it offers information in a manner that supports only its favored position on an issue.
subjective
The rule of ______ specifies that some concepts in your speech are more important than others.
subordination
Visualizing a ______ performance will help individuals perform well despite public speaking anxiety.
successful
A ______ transition reminds the audience of points that you have just made.
summary
Good intercultural communicators adapt to the communicative behaviors of their conversational partners to emphasize all the following except
superiority.
You must provide _____ material to back up the claims you make in your speech.
supporting
Which of the following describes the potential source of supporting material in which data is collected by asking people directly about their experiences?
survey
Collecting data by asking people directly about their experiences is called a
survey.
In the semantic triangle, the word being communicated is called the
symbol
Which of the following describes how a word represents an object or idea but does not constitute the object or idea?
symbolism
Communication is the process that humans use to exchange information and create meaning by using which of the following?
symbols behaviors signs
Words that have the same meaning are ______; words that have opposite meaning are ______.
synonyms; antonyms
A good way to gauge your listeners' opinions and experiences is to
take an informal poll.
Which of the following are examples of electronic forms of presentation aids?
text slides audio video graphic slides
According to a U.S. survey by the National Association of Colleges and Employers, which of the following ranks highest in terms of what employers were seeking in job applicants who were new college graduates?
the ability to communicate verbally
Confusion that results from the multiple meanings of the term boot in British and American English demonstrates
the arbitrary nature of language.
It is good practice in your speech to create a memorable moment for your audience in
the conclusion.
The cultural gap between societies that do and do not have regular Internet access is known as
the digital divide.
The norm of reciprocity is
the expectation that you will help someone who has helped you in the past
When repeating information, be sure to repeat only
the important points.
The body of a speech is usually
the longest part of the speech.
If you are composing a speech to give at a law school graduation, and your topic is how to benefit society, one of your main points might be
the need for more public interest lawyers.
Which of the following describes the expectation that you will help someone who has helped you in the past?
the norm of reciprocity
The questions "Why am I speaking?" and "What is the emotional tone of the event?" should be asked when identifying topics that are right for
the occasion.
Which of the following are the two basic contexts that make up the communication environment?
the psychological and the physical
What factors should be considered in order to select a topic that is appropriate?
the purpose of the speaking event your audience's interests your interests current events
One of the Internet's greatest assets as a source of supporting material is also its greatest liability, and that is ______.
the sheer volume of information it can provide.
In addition to your audience's likes and dislikes, which of the following should be considered when thinking about your audience's expectations and needs?
the time available for your speech the audience's existing knowledge on topic the size of the audience the purpose of the gathering
Statistics are convincing because
they are specific and quantifiable.
You must be realistic about the amount of material you can cover in the available
time
Which context issue is least likely to affect your ability to talk about a sensitive topic?
time of day
You are writing an informative speech on the impact of political parties on U.S. democracy in the 1800s, 1900s, and today. Which of the following organizational method is most appropriate for your speech?
time pattern
Informative speaking is publicly addressing others to do which of the following?
to better their skills increase their knowledge to improve their understanding
Which of the following are general purposes for a presentation?
to entertain to introduce to persuade to inform
When deciding what information to include in your speech it is important to remember
to keep it short.
A common mistake for informative speakers is to use technical language or jargon that they assume the audience understands. A better approach would be
to keep it simple.
One way to reduce your audience's anxiety is
to start with what's familiar.
In an individualistic culture people believe their primary responsibility is
to themselves.
Which of the following are reasons a speaker might prefer to conduct an online video conference rather than post an online video?
to use multiple communication channels to receive information from facial expressions from the audience
If you are giving a speech right before lunch and your listeners are distracted by being hungry, you can address this by
trying to reschedule the talk.
A source is objective to the extent that it presents information in a(n) _____ fashion.
unbiased
The tendency to avoid unfamiliar and uncomfortable situations is known as ______ avoidance.
uncertainty
It is important to ______ the information you are reporting.
understand
It is best to start with familiar information in a speech because many people feel ______ when asked to understand new information.
uneasy
Which of the following is a form of plagiarism?
using information from another source without giving proper credit
Using information from scientific journals and major newspapers is a good ethical choice based on
using information only from reputable sources.
Which of the following is not a strategy for drawing and holding your audience's attention?
using logical fallacies
Because words are only symbols of objects and ideas and can mean whatever we choose them to mean, language is
usually arbitrary.
The use of signposts differs from the use of preview transitions and summary transitions because signposts
usually are words or phrases.
A culture judges goodness, desirability, or beauty through
values
Individual choice, democracy, and material comfort are all cultural ______ of the United States.
values
Ambiguity is part of intercultural communication, and it offers a chance to learn which of the following about a different culture?
values traditions
If you quote other people's words in your speech, it is important that you use a _____, a statement giving credit to the words' original source.
verbal footnote
Ethical speakers incorporate ______ when using information from other sources in a speech.
verbal footnotes
Which of the following are characteristics of feedback?
verbal responses nonverbal reactions
Which of the following is an example of an electronic presentation aid?
video
Which of the following is not an element needed for communicating with cultural awareness?
visiting another country
Eye contact and facial expression are both examples of ______ elements that affect speech delivery.
visual
Which of the following will help you perform well despite your public speaking anxiety?
visualizing a successful performance
Rate, volume, pitch, articulation, and fluency are all ______ elements of effective delivery.
vocal
Which of the following are vocal elements of effective delivery?
volume pitch fluency articulation
In a speech about self-defense it would not be possible to directly involve everyone in the audience, so you could ask for a(n) ______ on whom to demonstrate ways of fending off an attacker.
volunteer
When deciding which presentation aids will work best, it is important to consider
what resources are available. the layout of the room. the time available for the speech
The basic rules that govern language apply to which of the following?
what words mean how words are placed in a sentence or phrase how words are pronounced
It would be appropriate to use a verbal footnote
when quoting one person's work in a speech.
Which of the following are examples of things to consider concerning the resources available for your speech?
whether a power source is accessible whether a computer, projector, and screen are available
Which of the following is NOT a culturally universal idea or experience?
withholding from sharing gossip
The type of outline that is a structured set of all the points and subpoints in your speech is a ______ outline.
working
Speaking notes are an abbreviated version of your
working outline.
Which of the following would be considered feedback from students in class to the teacher's instructions for a new reading assignment?
yawns raised hands
Meeting each of your communication goals in a given situation means that
you are an effective communicator.
When previewing your main points in your introduction,
you help listeners to identify key points.
After you identify topics that are right for you, you should Identify topics that are right for
your audience.
