Programming in C Ch. 1 & 2

higher-level languages

FORTRAN language was one of the first; standardization of the syntax of a higher-level language meant that a program could be written in the language to be machine independent

computer program

a collection of the instructions necessary to solve a specific problem

operating systems

a computer program that controls the entire operation of a computer system; all input and output operations that are performed on a computer system are channeled through this; this must also manage the computer system's resources and must handle the execution of programs; one of the most popular is Unix

file

a program that is to be compiled is first typed into a this on the the computer system

assembler

a special program that translates the assembly language program from its symbolic format into the specific machine instruction of the computer system;

linked

after the program has been translated into object code its ready to be this; the purpose is to get the program into a final form for execution on the computer

language interpreters

analyzes and executes the statements of a program at the same time; this method allows programs to be more easily debugged; they are typically slower than their compiled counterparts because the program statements are not converted into their lowest-level form in advance of their execution.

object code

assembler takes each assembly language statement and converts it into a binary format; which is then written into another file on the system

assembly languages

enabled the programmer to work with the machine on a slightly higher level; permits programmer to use symbolic names to perform various operations and to refer to specific memory locations; regarded as low level languages

executable object code format

final linked file is stored in another file on the system

a.out

has the effect of loading the program into the computer's memory and initiating its execution

C

higher level language yet it provides capabilities that enable the user to get in close with the hardware and deal with the computer on a much lower level

debugging phase

if the program doesn't produce the desired results, it is necessary to go back and reanalyze the program's logic; attempts is made to remove all the known problems/bugs

compilation process

initiated by typing a special command on the system; when the command is entered the name of the file that contains the source program must also be specified

bugs

known problems in the program

building

process of compiling and linking a program

output

results that are displayed by the program appear in a window sometimes called the console

algorithm

the approach or method that is used to solve the problem

first step of the compilation process

the compiler examines each program statement contained in the source program and checks it to ensure that it conforms to the syntax and semantics of the language

integrated development environments (IDE)

the process of editing, compiling, running, and debugging programs is often managed by a single integrated application known as this; windows-based program that allows you to easily manage large software programs, edit files in windows and compile, link, run, and debug your programs

source program

the program that is entered into the file; it represents the original form of the program expressed in the C language

programming

to solve a problem using a computer you must express the solution to the problem in terms of the instructions of the particular computer

compiler

to support a higher level language, a special computer program must be developed that translates the statements of the program developed in the higher level language into a for that the computer can understand

compiling programs

typing what you want the compiler to do

Unix

unique operating system in that it can be found on many different types of computer systems

text editor

usually used to enter the C program into a file

input

when the program requests any data from the user, the program temporarily suspends its execution so that the input can be entered