Programming in C Ch. 1 & 2
higher-level languages
FORTRAN language was one of the first; standardization of the syntax of a higher-level language meant that a program could be written in the language to be machine independent
computer program
a collection of the instructions necessary to solve a specific problem
operating systems
a computer program that controls the entire operation of a computer system; all input and output operations that are performed on a computer system are channeled through this; this must also manage the computer system's resources and must handle the execution of programs; one of the most popular is Unix
file
a program that is to be compiled is first typed into a this on the the computer system
assembler
a special program that translates the assembly language program from its symbolic format into the specific machine instruction of the computer system;
linked
after the program has been translated into object code its ready to be this; the purpose is to get the program into a final form for execution on the computer
language interpreters
analyzes and executes the statements of a program at the same time; this method allows programs to be more easily debugged; they are typically slower than their compiled counterparts because the program statements are not converted into their lowest-level form in advance of their execution.
object code
assembler takes each assembly language statement and converts it into a binary format; which is then written into another file on the system
assembly languages
enabled the programmer to work with the machine on a slightly higher level; permits programmer to use symbolic names to perform various operations and to refer to specific memory locations; regarded as low level languages
executable object code format
final linked file is stored in another file on the system
a.out
has the effect of loading the program into the computer's memory and initiating its execution
C
higher level language yet it provides capabilities that enable the user to get in close with the hardware and deal with the computer on a much lower level
debugging phase
if the program doesn't produce the desired results, it is necessary to go back and reanalyze the program's logic; attempts is made to remove all the known problems/bugs
compilation process
initiated by typing a special command on the system; when the command is entered the name of the file that contains the source program must also be specified
bugs
known problems in the program
building
process of compiling and linking a program
output
results that are displayed by the program appear in a window sometimes called the console
algorithm
the approach or method that is used to solve the problem
first step of the compilation process
the compiler examines each program statement contained in the source program and checks it to ensure that it conforms to the syntax and semantics of the language
integrated development environments (IDE)
the process of editing, compiling, running, and debugging programs is often managed by a single integrated application known as this; windows-based program that allows you to easily manage large software programs, edit files in windows and compile, link, run, and debug your programs
source program
the program that is entered into the file; it represents the original form of the program expressed in the C language
programming
to solve a problem using a computer you must express the solution to the problem in terms of the instructions of the particular computer
compiler
to support a higher level language, a special computer program must be developed that translates the statements of the program developed in the higher level language into a for that the computer can understand
compiling programs
typing what you want the compiler to do
Unix
unique operating system in that it can be found on many different types of computer systems
text editor
usually used to enter the C program into a file
input
when the program requests any data from the user, the program temporarily suspends its execution so that the input can be entered