Communication

purpose of reflection technique

Referring back to patients FEELINGS

Congruent communication

the nurse's behavior or nonverbal communication is congruent (consistent) with the words spoken.

The nurse should _______ not sympathize

Empathize!! Sympathy denotes pity which should be avoided

Offering generalized and oversimplified beliefs about groups of individuals that are based on experiences too limited to be valid.

Stereotyping "Men don't cry", "women are complainers"

Abbreviations on the do not use list

-U for units -MS for morphine sulfate -QOD for every other day -QD for every day

When not to communicate via electronic communication media

-When the information is urgent and the patient's health could be in jeopardy if the patient doesn't read the message immediately -When the information is highly confidential (e.g., HIV status, mental health, chemical dependency) -When lab data are abnormal. If the information is likely to be confusing and could prompt many questions, it is better to either see or telephone the patient.

Which nursing actions should the nurse implement when speaking with an older adult who is hearing impaired

-limit background noise -Lower the picture of your voice -Stand directly in front of patient when you're speaking

A nurse must conduct a focused interview to complete an admission history. Which interviewing technique should the nurse use? 1)Probing 2)Clarification 3)Direct Questions 4)Paraphrasing statements

3) Direct questions Avoid extra issues and focus only on topics needed

interpersonal communication

AKA self talk. describes the thoughts or communication individuals keep to themselves. Each individual will be thinking his or her own thoughts before, during, and after sending a message and while receiving a message from the other party. This intrapersonal communication occurs constantly and can interfere with an individual's ability to hear a message as the sender intended

What is meant by "Communication is inevitable"

ALL behavior has meaning, therefore everyone is always communicating

also known as attentive or mindful listening, involves fully concentrating on both the content and emotion of a person's message, rather than just passively hearing the words a person says.

Active listening

Using the fewest words necessary

Brevity

Saying clearly and precisely what is meant

Clarity

any means of exchanging information or feelings between two or more individuals.

Communication. The intent of any communication is to elicit a response. Thus, communication is a process that has two main purposes: to influence others to respond and to obtain information.

is the quality of being truthful, trustworthy, and reliable.

Credibility Nurses foster credibility by being consistent, dependable, and honest. Nurses need to be knowledgeable about the topic being discussed and to have accurate information. Nurses should convey confidence and certainty in what they are saying, while being able to acknowledge their limitations (e.g., "I don't know the answer to that, but I will find out").

When a nurse is speaking to a patient with autism, the nurse's communications should be

Direct and specific! Patients who are on the autism spectrum will likely have difficulty understanding nonverbal communication. Many individuals with autism also find eye contact difficult, so they avoid it when communicating. The nurse should select words carefully, keeping in mind that the patient may not understand any nonverbal messages that may be communicated along with the words.

style of speech similar to baby talk that sends the message to older adults that they are dependent and incompetent. It does not communicate respect.

Elder speak The characteristics of elderspeak include use of inappropriate terms of endearment (such as "honey" or "dear"), plural pronouns (e.g., "Are we having a good day?"), tag questions, and slow, loud speech. Tag questions are short statements followed by a mini-question, such as "You feel better now, don't you?" Tag questions and other types of elderspeak should not be used with any age group.

the selection of specific signs or symbols (codes) to transmit the message. such as: -which language and words to use -how to arrange the words -what medium to use (which may involve tone of voice and gestures in oral communication.)

Encoding

In its simplest form, communication is a _____-party process involving the ______ and the _________ of a message.

In its simplest form, communication is a TWO PARTY PROCESS involving the SENDING and the RECEIVING of a message. Because the intent of communication is to elicit a response, the process is ongoing: The receiver of the message then becomes the sender of a response, and the original sender in turn becomes the receiver.

What is being conveyed when a nurse leans forward during a patient interview

Interest. Nonverbal behavior conveys involvement and being present

Communication that is characterized by body contact, heightened sensations of body heat and smell, and vocalizations that are low.

Intimate distance Physical body contact to 1 1/2 ft

This kind of communication uses other forms, such as gestures, facial expressions, and touch.

Nonverbal communication Although both kinds of communication occur concurrently, the majority of communication is nonverbal. Nonverbal communication often conveys more about what an individual is feeling than what the person actually says, because nonverbal behavior is controlled less consciously than verbal behavior

What is meant by what do you do speaks so loudly I cannot hear what you say

Nonverbal messages are often more meaningful than verbal because they reflect TRUE feelings

entails using all of the senses to receive verbal and nonverbal messages.

Perception

Communication that requires loud, clear vocalizations with careful enunciation.

Public distance 12ft plus

Communication characterized by a clear visual perception of the whole person. Body heat and odor are imperceptible, eye contact is increased, and vocalizations are loud enough to be overheard by others.

Social distance 4ft to 12ft

The medium used to convey the message is the

The Channel it can target any of the receiver's senses. The channel must be appropriate for the message, and it should help make the intent of the message clearer.for example, talking face to face with an individual may be more effective than telephoning or writing a message. Using recorded messages or communicating by radio or television may be more appropriate for large audiences. Written communication is often appropriate for long explanations or for a communication that needs to be preserved. The nonverbal channel of touch is often highly effective in establishing a bond or connection with the receiver. Some of the most effective communications use more than one sensory channel—for example, the nurse may combine the use of therapeutic touch with her verbal message.

The most expressive part of the body

The face! Although the face may express the person's genuine emotions, it is also possible to control these muscles so the emotion expressed does not always reflect what the person is feeling.

the words actually spoken or written, the body language that accompanies the words, and how the words are transmitted.

The message itself

the third component of the communication process, is the listener, who must listen, observe, and attend. This person is the decoder, who must perceive what the sender intended (interpretation)

The receiver

individual or group who wishes to convey a message to another, can be considered the source-encoder.

The sender This term suggests that the person or group sending the message must have an idea or reason for communicating (source) and must put that idea or reason into a form that can be transmitted.

purpose of paraphrasing

To convey that you are understanding him/her. Help client by simplifying, focusing, and crystallizing what was said. May encourage the client to elaborate. Provide a check on accuracy of your perceptions.

to relate the message perceived to the receiver's storehouse of knowledge and experience and to sort out the meaning of the message.

To decode

This communication uses the spoken or written word

Verbal communication Because individuals choose the words they use, verbal communication is largely a conscious and purposeful activity. Words and phrasing used vary among individuals according to culture, socioeconomic background, age, and education.