Communities Quiz November 13, 2017
Climax Community
"the final stage of succession, remaining relatively unchanged until destroyed by an event such as fire or human interference."
Pioneer Species
"the first to colonize previously disrupted or damaged ecosystems, beginning a chain of ecological succession that ultimately leads to a more biodiverse steady-state ecosystem."
Community
All species of all types living in the same area (multiple populations)
Habitat
Area where organisms/populations/communities live
Symbolic Relationships : Mutualism
Beneficial to both species Ex. Humans and Bacteria, Shrimp and goby fish
Succession
Changes over time
Ecologial Succession
Changes that occur when one community replaces another as a result of changing abiotic/biotic factors
Secondary Succession: End Result
Climax Community
Primary Succession: End Result
Climax Community (stable, mature community)
Predation Defence
Coloration Camouflage Warning Mimicry Physical Defences
Interspecific Competition
Competition between species Ex. Grazing, predication, and paraitism
Intraspecific Competition
Competition within the species Ex. Territorial behavior, dominance, mating, and resources
Keystone Speceis
Dominant species in an ecosystem
Prey Adaptions
Hide and defend
Predators Adaptions
Locate and Capture prey
Can organisms occupy the same niche?
No because this would lead to competition
Primary Succession
No soil is present Microorganisms are generally the first to appear, followed by lichens and mosses Do not need soil to survive
Secondary Succession
Occurs when a disturbance damages a community but leaves the soil intact Natural disasters or human activites
Symbiotic Relationships : Parasitism
On species benefits (parasite) and the other is harmed (host) Ex. of parasite-host relationships : leeches, fleas, ticks, tapeworm
Symbiotic Relationships : Commensalism
One species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped Ex. Spider web on a tree
Primary Succession: Soil develops from these
Pioneer species
A glacier retreats and leaves behind gravel deposits called moraine. The youngest moraines are populated with bacteria and fungi and will soon become linches.
Primary
A wildfire broke out across the California area and continued to spread for several days. As a result, many plants and crops were destroyed and animals were forced to find new shelter.
Primary
An undersea volcano erupted and formed a small island. Mosses and linches began to grow on the bare volcanic rock.
Primary
Two types of Ecological Succession
Primary succession Secondary succession
Niche
Role/position of a living thing in the enviroment
A tree logging company cut down all the large spruce trees in an are of forest. After the area was cleared, spruce seedlings began to sprout. Animals returned to the area.
Secondary
An old house was torn down. Small plants and grasses grew in a vacant lot. Over the next few years, bushes and tree seedlings began to grow.
Secondary
Tolerence
The ability of any organism to survive when subjected to abiotic and biotic factors
Can organisms occupy the same habitat?
Yes because there's enough space avaliable
Describe the tolerance curve
Zone of Intolerance : no organisms Zone of Physiological stress : little amount of organisms Range of Optimum : Highest number of organisms
Some limiting ______ that restrict growth of one population might ______ another to ________ in a ________.
factors, enable, thrive, community
Secondary Succession: Much _____ with different pioneer species than primary succession
faster
Primary Succession: Can take ____, ______, or even _______ years to occur
hundreds, thousands, millions (very long)
Although organisms/populations/communities share a habitat, they may have different
roles