Communities Quiz November 13, 2017

Climax Community

"the final stage of succession, remaining relatively unchanged until destroyed by an event such as fire or human interference."

Pioneer Species

"the first to colonize previously disrupted or damaged ecosystems, beginning a chain of ecological succession that ultimately leads to a more biodiverse steady-state ecosystem."

Community

All species of all types living in the same area (multiple populations)

Habitat

Area where organisms/populations/communities live

Symbolic Relationships : Mutualism

Beneficial to both species Ex. Humans and Bacteria, Shrimp and goby fish

Succession

Changes over time

Ecologial Succession

Changes that occur when one community replaces another as a result of changing abiotic/biotic factors

Secondary Succession: End Result

Climax Community

Primary Succession: End Result

Climax Community (stable, mature community)

Predation Defence

Coloration Camouflage Warning Mimicry Physical Defences

Interspecific Competition

Competition between species Ex. Grazing, predication, and paraitism

Intraspecific Competition

Competition within the species Ex. Territorial behavior, dominance, mating, and resources

Keystone Speceis

Dominant species in an ecosystem

Prey Adaptions

Hide and defend

Predators Adaptions

Locate and Capture prey

Can organisms occupy the same niche?

No because this would lead to competition

Primary Succession

No soil is present Microorganisms are generally the first to appear, followed by lichens and mosses Do not need soil to survive

Secondary Succession

Occurs when a disturbance damages a community but leaves the soil intact Natural disasters or human activites

Symbiotic Relationships : Parasitism

On species benefits (parasite) and the other is harmed (host) Ex. of parasite-host relationships : leeches, fleas, ticks, tapeworm

Symbiotic Relationships : Commensalism

One species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped Ex. Spider web on a tree

Primary Succession: Soil develops from these

Pioneer species

A glacier retreats and leaves behind gravel deposits called moraine. The youngest moraines are populated with bacteria and fungi and will soon become linches.

Primary

A wildfire broke out across the California area and continued to spread for several days. As a result, many plants and crops were destroyed and animals were forced to find new shelter.

Primary

An undersea volcano erupted and formed a small island. Mosses and linches began to grow on the bare volcanic rock.

Primary

Two types of Ecological Succession

Primary succession Secondary succession

Niche

Role/position of a living thing in the enviroment

A tree logging company cut down all the large spruce trees in an are of forest. After the area was cleared, spruce seedlings began to sprout. Animals returned to the area.

Secondary

An old house was torn down. Small plants and grasses grew in a vacant lot. Over the next few years, bushes and tree seedlings began to grow.

Secondary

Tolerence

The ability of any organism to survive when subjected to abiotic and biotic factors

Can organisms occupy the same habitat?

Yes because there's enough space avaliable

Describe the tolerance curve

Zone of Intolerance : no organisms Zone of Physiological stress : little amount of organisms Range of Optimum : Highest number of organisms

Some limiting ______ that restrict growth of one population might ______ another to ________ in a ________.

factors, enable, thrive, community

Secondary Succession: Much _____ with different pioneer species than primary succession

faster

Primary Succession: Can take ____, ______, or even _______ years to occur

hundreds, thousands, millions (very long)

Although organisms/populations/communities share a habitat, they may have different

roles