Community Nutrition
Discuss several food waste solutions that are proposed by ReFED
-Trayless Dining/ smaller plates -Produce specifications (imperfect produce) -Home Composting -Standardized date labeling - Donation liability education
What are the steps in conducting a Community Needs Assessment?
1. Define the Nutritional Problem 2. Set the parameters of the assessment 3. Collect Data 4. Analyze and interpret the data 5. Share the findings of the assessment. 6. Set Priorities 7. Choose a plan of Action
What is intervention?
A health promotion activity aimed at changing the behavior of a target audience.
What is Marginal Food Security?
Hard for a while, less produce more processed
What is Health?
a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease.
What is the history of food assistance program in the U.S.? What is the trend associated with the history of food assistance programs?
-1930s: Food commodity distribution to farmers - 1940s: Food Stamps & National School Lunch Act - 1960s: CBS Documentary Hunger in America Programs expanded; also introduced senior feeding programs and WIC -1973: Poverty rate at all-time low -1980s: Reagan administration reduced antipoverty programs to reduce national debt - 1990s: Poverty rate jumped; PRWORA Act in 1996 -2001: biggest jump in poverty in a decade - 2002: 19% increase in demand for emergency food - 2003: Disparity between rich & poor increased, wage gap between men & women increased. - 2011: CENSUS REPORT "LOST DECADE": • 46.2 MILLION People living in poverty (highest number in 52 yrs) • 15.1% (highest level since 1993) • Minorities hit hardest, and those without college degrees • Uninsured increased by 900,000 to 49.9 million
What are methods to obtain data?
-Focus Groups • To obtain advice and insights about products, services, research data, opinions about products or creative concepts - Interviews with Key Informants • People "in the know" about the community • May determine if the target population perceives a nutritional problem and the most appropriate ways for address the problem. -Direct Assessment of Nutritional Status • Diet history method • Twenty-four hour recall • Food frequency questionnaire • Lab/anthropometric/clinical and dietary assessment methods -Survey -Health Risk Appraisal -Screening
How can we use Healthy People 2020?
-Make priorities for Public Health -Have ideas on how to help community
What are the three levels of intervention?
-Primary -Secondary -Tertiary
What are the 4 Environmental hot spots?
1.Beef/meat 2. Fish 3. Biodiversity 4. Waste
What were the top three causes of death in 1900 and 2000?
1900: Pnemonia/influenza, Tuberculosis, Diarrhea/disease of intestines 2000: Heart Disease, Cancer, CLRD
What was the emphasis in 1900 and 2000
1900: emphasis on controlling infectious disease 2000: emphasis on chronic diseases
Give an example of a trtiary intervention
: Treatment, rehabilitation, and prevention of further health problems. Already have it but teaching them how to manage disease example: teaching how to check blood sugar for diabetics.
What is Community Nutrition?
A discipline that strives to prevent disease and to improve the health, nutrition, and well-being of individuals and groups within communities.
What is a community?
A group of people wo are located in a particular space, have shared values, and interact within a social system. Communities can be on a global, national scale
What are the Healthy People 2020 Leading Health Indicators?
Access to health services • Clinical preventative services • Environmental quality • Injury and violence • Maternal, infant, and child health • Mental health • Nutrition, physical activity, and obesity • Oral health • Reproductive and sexual health
Describe the hot spot Waste
Americans waste up to 40% of their food. Typically produce, fish, grains, meat and milk. • Food waste accounts for nearly 23% of emissions; 2nd highest waste source in U.S. landfills. • Composting and food gleaning are two ways to reduce food waste.
What is Poverty Guidelines?
Basis for eligibility for some programs. Ajusted annually.
What is Step 3: Collect Data?
Begin with the "big picture" • Determine where the target population lives, works, plays, etc. Then collect information on the individuals within the community.
How do clients vary? Name 3.
Clients vary on education, income, literacy, food access and availability, available time/$$/ability to prepare meals, motivation.
What is Step 4: Analyze and Interpret the Data?
Collate data collected • Create report and "diagnose" • Create an executive summary to give to stakeholders
List 3 examples of sustainable efforts on the USU campus.
Compost bin Water bottle Filling stations SNACS USU Farmers market
What are the sectors of the Sustainable food systems?
Consumption(purchasing, preparing, eating, waste management) Production (farming, gardening) Transformation (Processing, packaging, labeling, marketing) Distribution (Wholesaling, transportation) Access (retailing food safety net)
What is Public Heath?
an effort organized by society to protect, promote, and restore the people's health through the appliation of science, practical skills and collective actions
What are determinants of Health?
biology, lifestyle, living working and social conditions, community conditions, background conditions
What is Very Low Food Security?
changing type and quantity of food
Who can conduct a community needs assessment?
federal or state agencies • nonprofit organizations • other local groups
What is Step 2: Set the parameters of the assessment?
Define the target population • Determine the purpose of the needs assessment • Set goals & objectives for the needs assessment • Specify the types of data needed
Give an example of a secondary intervention
Detecting diseases early through screening/risk appraisal and start making behavior changes example screening at a health fair
What is Step 6: Set Priorites?
Determine which health outcome is most important IF more than one problem was found to exist. • What requires immediate attention?
What is step 1 Define the Nutritional problem?
Develop a concise statement of the problem. • What is the nutritional/health problem? • Who is affected by the problem? • The impact of the problem on general health? • How many people experience the problem?
Give an example of a primary intervention.
Disease prevention by controlling risk factors example heart class heart health meal class
Describe the hot spot Fish
Fish consumption in the past 50 years has nearly doubled. • The supply of sustainably farmered or wild caught fish is inadequate to meet consumer demand. • Overfishing and water contamination are two main concerns.
What does Community Nutition focus on?
Focus on PREVENTATION
What does health promotion focus on?
Focuses on changing human behavior • Diet • Exercise • Sleep • Relaxation • And achieving a balance between family, work, and play
What is Low Food Security?
seeing a consistent change even more processed.
Do Public Health initiatives change?
yes
What are the sustainable food system action goals?
• 1. Eat a healthful diet lower on the food chain. • Increase F/V and legumes; decrease grain fed meat • 2. Eat and act to promote sustainable farming/ fishing practices. • Know how your food is produced and support more sustainable efforts. • 3. Learn to cook and appreciate cultural food patterns. • Cook and eat whole foods; promote food patterns of diverse cultures 4. Reduce food transportation energy. • Eat foods in season; create demand for locally produced and processed foods at grocery stores and restaurants. • 5. Reduce food processing and packaging energy. • Avoid unnecessary containers and convenience packaging; eat fresh and local foods. • 6. Reduce food waste and landfill methane production • Eat leftovers, share extra food, compost. • 7. Eat for social justice. • Share scarce resources, support fair trade initials and local farmers; buy food that provides living wages and safe working conditions for workers.
What is food security?
• Access by all people at all times to enough food for an active and healthy life. • Quantity • Quality • Suitability • Psychologically • Social
What are the 4 broad goals of Healthy People 2020?
• Attain higher quality and longer lives of Americans by reducing preventable diseases, disability, injury, and premature death. • Achieve health equality of Americans by eliminating health disparities and improving the health of all demographic groups. • Create environments, social and physical, that promote good health for all Americans • Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across every stage of life.
What are the benefits of the SNAP program?
• Eligibility and benefits are based on income, household size, assets, housing costs, etc. • Average benefit in Utah in 2012 was $121.75/month/person • Issued in form of Electronic Benefits Transfer card • Some restrictions • Benefits are meant to SUPPLEMENT other resources used to purchase food
How do food banks, food pantries, commodity food programs, charity food programs etc. impact the short term and long term problem of hunger?
• Food Banks/Food pantries • Prepared and perishable food programs • Community food security
What is food insecurity?
• Limited or uncertain ability to acquire or consume an adequate quality or sufficiently quantity of food in socially acceptable ways.
What are some examples of Community nutrition practice?
• Nutritionist at WIC • A program director of a nutrition centered nonprofit organization • Nutrition or health professional at the public health department • Policy, Systems, and Environmental Coordinator • Personal trainer or dietitian for a local business • Community Health Educator • Health and Wellness Coordinators • Nutrition Program Coordinator (MOW, CAA, etc) • Nutrition Advocate
What are som contributing factors to food insecurity?
• Poverty!! • High housing/utility costs • Unemployment/low paying jobs • Medical/health care costs • Lack of education • Transportation • Substance abuse
What is Poverty Threshold?
• The dollar amounts below which a family would be viewed as living in poverty.
What is a community needs assessment?
• The process of evaluating the health and nutritional status of a community, determining what the community's health and nutritional needs are, and identifying places where those needs are not being met.
What is the purpose of a community needs assessment.
• The purpose of a community needs assessment is to obtain health and nutrition information about a particular group—the target population.
Reasons to conduct a community needs assessment.
• To determine what problem a program should focus its education, policy, or behavior change efforts. • To update health/nutrition data • Often mandated by federal or state programs • To raise awareness and prompt action about a nutrition related problem within a community
What is High Food Security?
Have no insuffiecent amount of food, pleanty to eat.
What is Healthy People 2020?
Healthy People 2020 is used to assist federal and state agencies in setting priorities. • Also used for providing funding and support to organizations who help achieve objectives.
Describe the hot spot Meat
Largest environmental impact—accounts for 30% of global emissions and requires high water output. • Most polluting part of livestock—Feed. • Beef is the biggest offender due to its need for more land and irrigation water. • Solution? • Consume less meat
List benefits of eating locally grown foods.
Less of a carbon footprint Support local farmers Economic • Farmers retain up to 7x more profit • $$ stays in the locl economy • Cuts down on use of energy and resources Environmental • Reduces food miles • Reduces fuel consumption air pollution, and green house gas emissions
Describe the hot spot Biodiversity.
Loss of biodiversity means loss of diet quality which increases the risk of micronutrient deficiencies, as limited plant variety no longer provide the nutritional profile. • We have lost the diversity in our food supply. • Most of what we eat today comes from 12 plants (wheat, corn, rice, etc). • Irish Potato Famine in 1845 • Only 1 type of potato was planted which got potato blight • Led to starvation and deaths of 1 million people
What is Sustainability?
Meeting the needs of the present without jeopardizing the ability of future generations to meet their needs. Sustainability developed communities facilitate health promotion behaviors.
Social and Economin trends in Community Nutrition
More women working • Aging population • Generational diversity • Increasing demands for nutrition and health care services • Increasing ethnic diversity • Challenges of 21st century lifestyle • Increasing awareness of environmental nutrition issues • Global environmental challenges
What is the overall goal of community nutrition?
Overall goal: to improve the health, nutrition, and well-being of the individuals and groups within communities, primarily to prevent disease.
What are some issues with data collection?
Practical Issues • Cost, time, staffing • Target population needs Scientific Issues • Validity and reliability • Sources of variation Cultural Issues
What is Sustainable Food Systems?
Protective and respectful of biodiversity and ecosystems, Culturally acceptable, accessible, economically fair and affordable, nutritionally adequate, safe and health, while optimizing natural and human resources.
What is Step 7:Choose a plan of Action?
Share key findings • Use findings to change public policy • Advocate for policy or legislation • Organize a workshop or conference to explore further actions • Alter an existing program to more effectively address the problem • Develop a new program
What is Step 5: Shar the findings of the assessment?
Share with agencies and organizations that were not directly involved with needs assessment • prevents duplication of effort • promotes cooperation • increases awareness about problem
What is the paradox of food insecurity and obesity?
Some ideas: Maximize caloric intake Quantity vs quality Overeating when food is available
What is the SNAP Program?
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) • An entitlement program that allows participants to buy approved food items with the goal of increasing food security and diets of low income households.
Discuss why sustainable food systems are so important
Sustainable food systems are imperative to feed the growing population and minimize the effects of climate change. How food is grown and produced, what types of foods are consumed and how much food is wasted have major impacts on the sustainability of the world.
What is the target population?
The population that is the focus of an assessment, study, or intervention.
What is health promotion?
The process of enabling people to achieve their maximum potential for good health.
What are the three areas of focus of community nutrition?
Three areas of focus: • People • Policy -Gleaning: Food Fellowship Program Bill Emerson Good Samaritan Act • Programs -SNAP, WIC