Comp Spring 1st year

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You are instructing your patient in independent squat-pivot transfers. Your patient is a 110-lb. woman who is fully alert and oriented, and she plans to return home using a wheelchair for her mobility needs. She will be home alone most of the day and must be able to transfer independently. Which of the following instructions will you be most likely to give her?

"You can transfer from the wheelchair to the bed with the armrest closest to the bed moved out of the way."

No increase in tone

0

Slight increased tone with catch at the very end

1

Slight increased tone with a catch with resistance following

1+

14 yo girl incurred full thickness facial anterior trunk and UE burns during an accident. The OT is treating her in an acute setting. OT splints the neck in

10 degrees flexion

Increased tone throughout, but easily moved

2

When do kids first play with others cooperatively

2 years

Considerable increase in tone, PROM difficult

3

Rigid, can't move

4

An occupational therapist is evaluating an 18 month old child due to concerns with self-feeding. The therapist notes that the child is able to finger feed effectively, but is not able to use a spoon or suck from a straw. The occupational therapist puts together supplies to bring to the child's home and plans activities to use during the developmental evaluation. It is important that the therapist include objects and activities that are appropriate for the developmental age of:

9-12 months

The PEO theoretical perspective of occupational therapy intervention as used in pediatrics will always include someone other than the child. This is because:

A child is always part of a dyad, either through family or social service or other agency, who is responsible for the care of the child.

15 yo with a complete myelomeningocele at the T9 level is diagnosed with diabetes. The OT home education program will be most likely to focus on client initiated pressure release because

AJ is likely to have absent sensation in the LE and butt

When the client's head is actively or passively turned to 90 degrees to one side, the extensor tone of the limbs on the face side increases and the flexor tone of the limbs on the skull side increases

ATNR

What are you looking at when doing the Berg Balance or Tinetti test?

Ability to stand, ability to stand unsupported, turn 360 degrees

In qualitative research, saturations is defined as:

Absence of new findings in data

Symptoms of sympathetic nervous system

Activation of all muscle groups and digestive juices stop production

Your patient is a 79-year-old woman who fell on the ice and fractured her hip. She underwent a surgical procedure to repair the fracture and is now non-weight-bearing on the right leg. Which technique would you most likely use to assist her in scooting up in the bed?

Ask her to bend her left leg only and bridge, using her arms to assist.

Randomization at the group assignment level refers to:

Assignment of persons by a method based on chance

Child will use tripod grip to hold a pencil using an adapted gripper

BIomechanical

You are a therapist working in home health care. Your new patient is a 75-year-old woman who fell and broke her hip. She is home after a brief rehabilitation stay. Which of the following would typically be most important to include in your initial assessment?

BP

Which of the following is true in a positive relationship between variables

Both variables increase or decrease together

Norman presents with the following symptoms: Lateral strabismus, diplopia, ptosis of the eyelid, and nystagmus. Which of the following cranial nerves might be impaired?

CN 3 occulmotor

Which of the following is true regarding constraint-induced movement therapy?

Combats non-use, task oriented approach, shaping

You are evaluating a new patient who had a stroke 6 days ago. Which of the following is the best method for assessing this patient's respiration?

Count the rise and fall of the chest for 30 sec while the patient is unaware.

When conducting a sensory evaluation

Demonstrate on self, demonstrate on unaffected then affected

Which of the following is true when performing manual muscle testing?

Depression can impact a client's strength

Which of the following are purposes in experimental research

Descriptive, explanatory, predictive

Considering John's diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, which of the following specific characteristics is he most likely to display?

Deviations in rate of development, perceptual disturbances, echolalia, and inflexible behavior.

What is a symptom of a proprioception disorder?

Difficulty with object manipulation and clumsiness in UE

You are working with a patient on doing lower body dressing. Currently, the patient just has a hospital gown (that ties in the back) on and nothing else. What would be the best way to drape this patient during this treatment?

Drape a sheet over both legs and expose one leg at a time, securing the sheet so that it does not move.

When considering how the concept of center of mass affects your patient's movement, which of the following statements is true?

Each body part, such as a leg or an arm, has its own center of mass.

Scapula protraction

Extensor synergy

Naturalistic data analysis refers on statistical computation

False

Kellie has aspirated. What does this mean?

Food or liquid went past vocal cords and into trachea

5

Full AROM, max resistance

Which of the following are "red flags" for dysphagia?

Gurgly voice, slurred speech, choking, throat clearing

The purpose of descriptive statistics is to:

Identify central tendencies of a study sample

Your patient is a 49-year-old man who sustained a spinal cord injury in a skiing accident. He is unable to move below the level of his umbilicus. You are positioning him in the bed following your treatment. Which of the following describes the most appropriate positioning for this patient?

In a three-quarters supine position with pillows behind him and between his legs

Your evaluate your client's R Shoulder Flexion (AROM) and find it is WNL. What do you do next for MMT of the shoulder? Assume no contraindications or precautions

In sitting, have the client flex her R shoulder to 90 degrees and provide resistance at the anteromedial aspect of the distal humerus while stabilizing the scapula and clavicle

If a child with cerebral palsy has a dominant ATNR on the right, i.e. when the head is turned to the right; which of the following is an accurate description of the behavior?

Increased extensor tone of the right upper extremity

The parents of a four year-old bring the child to a developmental screening, because they are worried that she is delayed in the area of fine motor manipulations. The occupational therapist notes that the child can draw using a dynamic tripod grasp, can copy simple shapes and strings small beads. The therapist tells them that the child:

Is showing a typical age-appropriate skill

Providing the just right challenge involves an activity which

Is similar to Zygotskys zone of proximal development

What is the best hand placement for the patient during a transfer to the left when a transfer board is used?

Left hand open far out enough on the board to allow the hips to move left

Emphasize motor control

NDT

Joe's therapist is working on improving participation in play activities. Her current focus is to improve balance. She uses a therapy ball for this purpose and other techniques like manually guiding and handling Joe. Therapist is most likely influenced by which of the following frames of reference?

NDT

Teach 24 hour management to increase retention and carryover

NDT

The _______ approach is based on neurologic principles and normal development, focusing on an individual's ability to execute efficient postural responses and movement patterns

NDT

Use manual cues to increase use of the involved side

NDT

child will demonstrate better sitting posture 50% of the time without external cueing

NDT

A five year old has been diagnosed with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADHD). The child could demonstrate:

Non-purposeful activity that interferes with function in age-appropriate skills

A norm referenced assessment______ whereas a criterion referenced assessment___

Norm: compares a child's performance to a very large group of children who have been tested with the same assessment Criteria: compares the child's performance to specific criteria for each task.

33. NDT

Normalize tone, postural reactions, inhibit reflexes

Which of the following might you recommend to assist clients with swallowing disorders (in many cases)?

Oral care, multiple swallows, sit up 30 min after eating

Judicious eliciting of reflexes

PNF

Use of maximal resistance to promote overflow of muscle activity

PNF

Use of spiral and diagonal movement patterns

PNF

Which of the following is true regarding pain assessment in patient care?

Pain is always abnormal and can be a valuable indicator of a serious problem.

Bed mobility is a critical component of functional mobility. Which of the following statements regarding bed mobility activities is true?

Patients' movements are best controlled by applying forces centrally.

Shannon has undergone a below the knee amputation and is experiencing phantom limb pain. Which of the following best describes her symptoms?

Perception that the amputated limb is intact and painful

Development occurs through interplay between environment and the child's innate abilities. Which theory of development highlights this?

Piaget's theory

You are preparing to transfer a patient who just had bilateral knee replacements from the bed to the bedside chair. The patient is much taller than you are, and you want to make sure that the transfer is safe for you and the patient. As you face the patient, you determine that blocking both knees is not required. Which of the following positions is the best way to position yourself?

Place your feet about 30 in. apart and staggered.

Which of the following would be most effective in promoting stability during patient-care activities?

Position the LoG near the center of the BoS.

You are working on the orthopedic floor in a large hospital. You are working with a 78-year-old woman who has undergone surgery for a LUE humeral fracture. You have just assisted her out of bed to the bedside chair for breakfast. After breakfast she is planning to return to her bed. As you position the patient in the chair, which of the following considerations is most important?

Positioning the patient to promote comfort and effective swallowing while she is out of bed

An occupational therapist conducts an initial home visit to a family with a premature infant who at 4 months and 5 lbs has just been sent home. The primary goal for the occupational therapist in the first treatment visit would be to:

Practice effective communication and develop a therapeutic relationship

Which of the following is NOT a main reason for reviewing literature

Provide exhaustive overview

Manipulation in true experimental type design refers to:

Providing or withholding an independent variable in both experimental control groups

Which of the following notations is correct using Campbell and Stanley's notation?

R= randomization, O=observation of dependent variable, X=exposure to treatment or intervention

An 11 year old low average sensory integration dysfunction attends OT weekly in a pediatric private practice. The child shows no improvement in coordination, equilibrium and motor planning in the last 2 months. The teacher states that school performance and school behavior are adequate, but not optimum. The best choice for the therapist in the private setting is to:

Re-evaluate the child to determine a new focus of OT intervention

3 yo with hemiplegia is evaluated for EI. During the eval the OT observes behaviors that indicate visual deficits. The most appropriate action is

Refer to optometrist

Randomized controlled trial:

Relies on true experimental design

DSM Criteria

Repetitive behavior, social and communication, early childhood, impairs everyday functioning

Parasympathetic nervous system:

Respiration slows and becomes shallow and pupils contract

A 14-year old high school student with spina bifida has attained all goals to ensure full participation in the classroom. She is cognitively intact and socially competent. At the next IEP, with transition planning in mind, the occupational therapist recommends:

Reviewing the student's aptitudes, interests and preferences to establish self-determined goals

An occupational therapist observes that an 18-month old child is not able to creep more than a few steps because as he looks up, his hips and knees flex and he ends up W sitting with his arms extended and propped forward. The occupational therapist reports that the child demonstrates:

STNR

When the client is supine or in quadruped, flexing the client's head will cause the upper extremities to flex and the lower extremities to extend

STNR

For a two year old child with hypotonia and diagnosed as having major developmental delay (child is not able to sit independently), the occupational therapist would recommend to the parents to put the child in which position for feeding?

Semi-reclined with neck in neutral

AROM assessment reveals your client has full AROM in her wrist. Which of the following is true? Assume no contraindications or precautions

She has at least 3/5 strength in her wrist

In both squat-pivot and standing-pivot transfers, which of the following is the first task that must be accomplished?

Shifting the patient's CoM forward over the pivot point

When positioning the feet of a patient for a pivot transfer, the inner foot is positioned

Slightly forward to prevent obstruction.

An occupational therapist provides parents of a child with tactile defensiveness with strategies and guidelines to help the child handle the symptoms of this sensory processing disorder. The most appropriate suggestions for the therapist to make would include:

Soften clothing by repeated laundering and remove clothing tags

How does one elicit Moro reflex?

Startling the child with sudden movement

The parents of a teenager with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy state that the child can no longer don or doff a t-shirt and that he wants to learn how to wear a t-shirt. On evaluation, the therapist notes that the teenager can no longer actively reach beyond 90 degrees of shoulder flexion and abduction. The best approach is to have the child:

Support the elbows on a table at chest height to don the t-shirt over the arms and then don over the head.

When the client is supine with the head at midline, the extremities will extend or have increased extensor tone

TLR

Laura has suffered a nerve injury and is complaining of hyersensitivity in her fingers. Which of the following methods would be most appropriate for achieving desensitization?

Textured materials, rubbing, tapping

Which of the following statements is true regarding use of a gait belt during transfers?

The belt is used primarily to control the motion of an unstable patient.

When performing a wheelchair using a transfer board, what should be the position of the wheelchair relative to the target transfer surface?

The chair should be positioned at an acute angle to the transfer surface.

Which of the following is true regarding blood pressure?

The difference between systolic and diastolic pressures is pulse pressure.

Which of the following is most strongly related to injuries sustained when assisting patients?

The number of repetitions of the task completed by the person

To optimize performance, while Erica is in the initial stages of learning the therapist provides feedback. Which would be more beneficial in the initial stages?

The therapist provides the child with feedback on performance skills

Which of the following criteria is used to determine the extent of protection against infection used during patient interactions?

The type of care and level of physical interaction between patient and clinician

Which of the following is true of standard precautions?

They are to be used with anyone at risk for the presence of pathogens.

Which of the following is true regarding mirror-box therapy?

Visual input, for chronic pain and phantom limb

Which of the following communication devices capitalizes on the strengths of most students with autism?

Visual schedules, cue cards, charts

Which of the following represents best practice in hand washing?

Washing between your fingers as well as on top of the hands

The primary reason we are interested in biomechanics as OT's is that

We need to be able to apply biomechanical principles to assist patients safely and efficiently.

When determining which mobility and positioning procedures to use in patient care, what is the first question you should consider?

What are the client goals and what am I trying to accomplish with the movement or positioning?

Your patient is a 64-year-old man who had a stroke and has severe right upper-extremity weakness as a result. His right hand has become very edematous. Which of the following is the best position for the patient's right arm to aid in the management of his edema?

With the hand on a pillow, higher than the heart, while he is supine

You are worried about the reliability fo the Sen ROM assessment. If the test is reliable, what is true

You and a peer get the same results if you administer it to the same client

You are working with a man who had a bout of congestive heart failure. He is now quite deconditioned and is receiving 2 liters of oxygen per minute through a nasal cannula. You are about to begin a functional mobility activity with this patient. Which of the following would be true in this clinical scenario?

You will be concerned if the patient's oxygen saturation drops below 90%.

What is evidence based practice?

a practice model

Your client is complaining of somatic pain. Which of the following symptoms might he be exhibiting?

aching and cramping

Robert plans birthday parties and utilizes calendars, lists, and written instructions. What type of approach is this?

adaptive

Sensory integration intervention differs from sensorimotor activities in that the therapist is always eliciting an

adaptive response

When taking a top down approach, which must you do first

adl assessment

can't write numbers

agraphia

72 hours post skin graft surgery splinting should be used

all the time except during dressing changes

We evaluate a child as evaluation:

allows us to discriminate, predict, and plan

While cutting veggies sara has pasta on stove. When pasta begins boil over she continues to cut veggies. What attention deficit is she displaying?

alternating

For a child with erb's palsy what do you expect?

an arm that hangs limply to side with shoulder rotated inward

Anne had a MVA where had moderate brain damage. She can't remember day to day events but can remember past. What is this?

anterograde amnesia

Mr. Cruise has sustained a L hemisphere CVA. Which of the following symptoms might he exhibit?

aphasia

Cerebellum

balance

CoM

balance point of object

Which is not a characteristic of true experimental research

bias

An occupational therapist is working with a 10 year old child with moderate ataxia and age appropriate cognitive abilities. The child's performance for writing is impaired due to his involuntary movements. The therapist decides to use weighted cuffs to reduce his involuntary movements. This is an example of which of the following frames of reference?

biomechanical

Subtests of the Purdue Pegboard?

both hands, assembly, right hand

Bilateral absence of grasp reflex may mean damage to the infant's CNS while unilateral absence could mean an injury due to birth trauma such as a fractured clavicle or injury to the

brachial plexus

Your client has locked-in syndrome. What portion of the brain is impacted?

brainstem

Mean, median, and mode are examples of which type of statistics?

central tendency

sudden catch followed by release

clasp knife

When Anne's elbow is moved passively by the therapist into greater extension, the elbow joint cant be moved. With sustained stretch, the spasticity suddenly gives way and the elbow can be moved into extension. What is this known as?

clasp knife syndrome

uncontrolled oscillations

clonus

14 yo with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and depression is evaluated for power wheelchair. The most important area for the OT to determine readiness is

cognitive skills

catch and release resistance throughout

cogwheel

variable

concept or construct with numerical values assigned

Which of the following is not a method of data analysis in grounded theory?

conceptual coding

Which of the following is not a type of variable in experimental type research

concrete variable

Ms. Crowder's OT notices that she is exhibiting signs of ideational apraxia. What behaviors might Mrs. Crowder demonstrate?

confusion as to what to do with a shirt when getting dressed

Tony is a waiter at the Olive Garden Restaurant. He has recently sustained a L CVA. You want to see how he does setting a table as part of his Inpatient Rehab. After setting out the appropriate materials for him, you ask Tony to set the table. He has no idea how to organize and sequence setting the table. Which of the following best describes his deficit?

constructional apraxia

Your eyes are having trouble focusing. What visual component are you having difficulty with?

convergence

You are working in a hospital and have just received a referral for a patient who had a surgical procedure yesterday. You want to assess his vital signs, including his pulse, before initiating any activity. Which of the following methods would be most appropriate for assessing this patient's pulse initially?

count pulse for 60 sec

Which of the following involves having numerous x-rays taken at various angles that are used to create cross-sectional images?

ct scan

Your patient is lying in bed with his arms and legs stiff, straight, and internally rotated. His back is arched. The patient is exhibiting which of the following?

decerebrate rigidity

John presents with hyperactivity, decreased attention span and limited eye contact. What occupational therapy intervention plan is MOST appropriate within a sensorimotor framework?

decreased arousal through inhibitory methods

Brian sustained a prefrontal brain damage in MVA. What might see when assessing self-monitoring/awareness?

decreased social judgment

The primary form of reasoning used in experimental research

deductive

A 6 year old child with autism and tactile defensiveness is receiving intervention from an occupational therapist who uses a sensory integrative approach. In introducing tactile stimuli to the child, the MOST appropriate method is to

deep pressure where the child can see

An occupational therapist reviews a written positioning protocol for a child having Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita with the infant's mother. The therapist notices that the mother does not seem to follow along with the protocol's text. The most appropriate action for the therapist to take is to:

demonstrate proper positioning techniques

2 point discrimination

discriminative tactile

Stereognosis

discriminative tactile

An eight month-old child demonstrates a positive downward parachute reflex. The most appropriate action for an occupational therapist is to:

document typical reflex patterns

You ask Abby to reach for a glass of water and she overreaches. Which of the following best describes the type of dysfunction she has?

dymetria

When asked a question, Kara often repeats what she hears verbatim rather than providing an answer. This condition is referred to as

echolalia

Stroke survivors may start crying or laughing inappropriately. What is this called?

emotional lability

Which of the following is not one of three levels of questions in experimental type research?

ethnographic

15 yo with congenital bilateral above elbow amputation is referred to OT to increase independence in ADLs. He wants to be independent in donning/doffing shirts. The first action the OT takes is

evaluate lower extremity strength

Frontal

executive function

Shoulder adduction

extensor synergy

Which of the following is referred to the extent to which results of a quantitative study can be generalized to a broader population the study sample represents?

external validity

The OT notes Erica's shoes are on the wrong feet. The OT asks Erica to look at her shoes and informs her of this. The motor learning principle used is

extrinsic feedback

Fast rocking

facilitatory

Heavy joint compression

facilitatory

Inversion

facilitatory

Resistance

facilitatory

Vestibular stimulation

facilitatory

Children's development follows a rigid developmental sequence

false

Experimental research is the most rigorous form of investigation that should be used

false

Human beings use righting reactions to maintain upright posture and adjust their body relative to the horizontal axis

false

In qualitative research, researchers are considered a research instrument

false

Ptosis, nystagmus, strabismus are all symptoms of damage to the optic nerve?

false

The presence of primitive reflexes is a sign of recovery after a brain injury.

false

The two group randomized controlled trial is the best design to use for any type of research

false

it is usually best to obtain a large sample size

false

Equilibrium reactions are the second line of defense against falling

false 1st: equilibrium, 2nd: protective

The therapist gives Tim a box of knives, forks, and spoons that are all the same color and size. She asks Tim to pick out the fork from the other utensils. What skill is she evaluating?

figure ground

A two-year old child receives home care early intervention services. To facilitate the development of a pincer grasp, the therapist recommends that the family encourage the child to:

finger feed o shaped cereal

0

flaccid

LMN lesion

flaccidity

absence of tone

flaccidity

Forearm supination

flexor synergy

Sara is 2 weeks status post CVA she displays: scapular elevation and retraction, shoulder abduction and external rotation, elbow/wrist/finger flexion, ankle and toe plantar flexion. What is she displaying?

flexor synergy

Scapular retraction

flexor synergy

You stimulate the sole of a one month old. The baby flexes her hip/knee/ankle. What is this?

flexor withdrawal

Which of the following symptoms is Sue least likely to demonstrate?

fluctuations of tone from low to high

Sue wants to participate in outdoor play activities with peers. The family's goal for the child is to ride a bike. The OT recommends:

foot propelled bicycle with hand brakes

You show a client the letter M on a computer. You then ask him to find the same letter in a textbook. What are you testing?

form constancy

Mr. Aiken is a 57 year old male admitted to your hospital. He has sustained a CVA. During his OT Evaluation, you note that he exhibits a flat affect, little motivation to engage in the eval, and decreased executive functioning. His deficit is most likely in which lobe?

frontal

3

full AROM (NOT FUNCTIONAL)

4

full AROM, mod resistance

2

full PROM

Brent learned use microwave in therapy but can't at home. What does he have a problem with?

generalization

Which of the following factors is a requirement for performing independent seated lateral transfers without a transfer board?

good trunk control

A child with mild cerebral palsy receives OT treatment in a preschool setting. To facilitate development of typical grasp patterns, the most appropriate intervention is for the occupational therapist to

grade the size and shape of the object to be grasped

when evaluating tone

grasp the limb proximally and distally

3-

greater half AROM

4-

greater than than half AROM mod resistance

Which of the following approaches is used to generate theory

grounded theory

Which type of research query in naturalistic inquiriy is specifically used to generate theory?

grounded theory

Full thickness burns leads to

hard, insensate, leathery appearance with inflexible eschar

A research study was planned to explore people's attitudes toward gun control in a mid-sized town in North Carolina. The month before the study was schedule to be carried out, a man suffered from mental illness walked into a shopping center with a semi-automatic weapon and began to shoot ending in several deaths. Which threat to internal validity was this study likely to endure?

history

Desensitization is used for

hypersensitivity

increased tone

hypertonicity

During a classroom screening, an 8 year old is observed holding her pencil with a tight grip. She appears to rely heavily on visual cues to assist her in both fine and gross motor tasks. During gross motor activities, she moves in an uncoordinated manner. The occupational therapist uses a sensory integrative frame of reference to interpret evaluation data. The therapist documents that the child requires further evaluation to assess for:

impaired proprioception

social stories are used to:

improve social interaction

An eight-month old child with spina bifida at the L1 level shows cognitive function within normal limits. In OT, this child is most likely working on:

increased trunk balance when placed in sitting

Handling techniques used in the NDT approach for cerebral palsy are utilized to obtain all of the following except:

increasing ROM

A 6 year old with autism receives home care OT intervention services. The mother identifies a primary goal of developing the child's independent toileting skills. The child is completely dependent and the mother reports no attempting toilet training for several years. The occupational therapist identifies that the first intervention goal is to have the child

indicate when diaper is wet or soiled

Infection transmitted through shared toys that have not been cleaned between uses is an example of

indirect contact transmission

In qualitative research individuals who participate in a study are called

informants

Light joint compression

inhibitory

Neutral warmth

inhibitory

Slow stroking

inhibitory

OT provides immediate, constant feedback. What awareness is she focusing on?

intellectual

You have Penny alternate between touching her finger and her nose. Which of the following might you be looking for during the task?

intention tremors

Which of the following is referred to level of confidence that reported outcomes of a quantitative study are the consequence of relationship between independent and dependent variables and not that of extraneous factors?

internal validity

what is the most common way of data collection for phenomenology research?

interviews

When evaluating a child who is at risk for shunt malfunction, it is MOST important for the therapist to observe for which of the following?

irritability and nausea

A level 1 experimental question has which of the following characteristics

it examines one variable in predefined population

A research question in experimental type research has which of the following characteristics?

it's posed priori or before entering the field

assessment with 7 timed subtests

jebsen

assessment with sentence writing

jebsen

Disorders which are characterized by serious abnormalities in the developmental process, fall under the heading of pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) and are usually associated with impairment in several areas of development. From early infancy, some children will exhibit a spectrum of developmental impairments and delays that include which of the following?

language, social communication, intellectual deficits

Mark had brain damage after fell from ladder. He is emotionally labile, depressed, and despondent. What is this due to?

left prefrontal damage

2-

less full PROM

2+

less half AROM

3+

less half AROM with mod resistance or full AROM with min resistance

Experimental research is based on the unifying philosophical foundation

logical positivism

An occupational therapist researcher conducted a study to determine whether an OT intervention improved handwriting skills in a group of first grade students over one year time. Which threat of internal validity in the study likely to endure?

maturation

Which of the following is not a measure of variability?

mean

assessment d esigned employee selection

minnesota

assessment done standing

minnesota

The triad of social impairment for individuals with autism spectrum disorder includes all of the following except

mobility difficulties

1

muscle contraction

Which of the following is an example of an internal force commonly used when assisting patients with movement?

muscle tension

An occupational therapist advises a mother of an 18-month-old with developmental delays on techniques to facilitate feeding. The child has a reflexive bite. The occupational therapist suggests that when feeding the child, the mother use a:

narrow shallow plastic spoon

Going ___ means an ethnographer immerses so completely in the group that he can no longer be objective

native

Which of the following records the rate of transmission and amplitude of response of peripheral nerves?

nerve conduction

What is the level of measurement for telephone numbers?

nominal

7 yo child referred to OT for handwriting difficulties. The therapist does VMI, which reports child's standard scores being within average age range. This type of assessment is

norm referenced test

Which of the following is true of acute pain?

objective findings and well localized

To gather information about the dressing skills of a 10 year old with intellectual deficits, this data-gathering method would provide the most objective information about his current dressing skills?

observing BADL routines

Tasks perceived as boring, meaningless or stressful and leading to a sense of estrangement and a lack of satisfaction in one's occupations leads to:

occupational alienation

A 10 year old child has recently been diagnosed with Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis in an acute inflammatory stage. The initial OT screening should include assessment of:

pain

You are testing your clients pinch strength. You place the pinch meter between the pad of the thumb and pads of the index and middle finger. What are you evaluating?

palmar pinch

A group of 3 preschool kids are playing side by side yet at times they notice what other are doing and modify accordingly. This is an example of

parallel play

You are an OT in an early intervention toddler classroom where most of your clients are 2-3 years old. Which kind of play do you expect to be predominant between these children?

parallel play

The Individuals with Disabilities Education has two main parts: Part B for children 3-21 and Part C for children birth to three. The primary difference between these two programs (other than age range) is:

part b focuses solely on academics

Which of the following approaches is typically used for advocacy for an underserved population?

participatory active research

Parietal

perception

A&O x 4

person, place, time, situation

A 6 year old boy attends an after-school program for children with sensory integration deficits. The evaluation has determined that activities involving deep proprioceptive input would best meet this child's needs. The best activity for the occupational therapist to use is

playing tug of war

The most important position to prevent are

positions of comfort

Your client with a stroke goes on a tilt board where you displace the center of gravity. Her trunk curves and her head rights. What is this?

positive equilibrium tilting reaction

Epistemology

preferred way of knowing

The four types of clinical reasoning as identified in the clinical reasoning studies include:

procedural, interactive, conditional, narrative

Coworker planned event, but starts to rain so says only option is cancel the event. What having trouble with?

production

A five year-old with short attention span and perceptual processing difficulties is referred to occupational therapy. The therapist elects to focus on the performance components of sensory processing and evaluates:

proprioception

Donna is beginning to get dressed when the power goes out and the room is pitch black. She is unable to figure out how to get her arms in the shirt. What is she having difficulty with?

proprioception

Discrimination hot and cold

protective tactile

a. Detection light touch

protective tactile

When see pictures of family and discuss relationships, what working on?

recognition

Which is not correct in terms of reflex integration?

reflex disappears

Client sustained head injury and shows primitive reflexes. What does this mean?

reflexes have re-emerged

In keeping with the IDEA recommendation of "least restrictive environment", a school-based occupational therapist would conduct therapy interventions in a:

regular classroom when general classes are in session

The extent of stability of a measurement tool is called

reliability

What is not a principle of participatory active research?

respect for authority

What is NOT an element of a research proposal

results

After Jane's MVA she can not remember personal past history for several days. What is this called?

retrograde amnesia

Remedial technique for attention deficits

reward for attending 10 mins

John has severe brain damage from MVA. He has lability, but is extremely euphoric and says never felt better. What occurred?

right prefrontal damage

Primitive level reflexes include all the following except

righting reflex

The pre-school staff has difficulty calming John after active group sessions. Using a Sensory Integration approach, what should the occupational therapist recommend?

rock in a rocking chair

Which activity would provide the MOST tactile stimulation for John in the pre-school setting?

rolling in a furry blanket

The head turns in the same direction the cheek is stroke. The child then latches onto the finger and sucks. What is this called?

rooting and sucking reflex

John was seen to seek tactile stimulation quite aggressively. Which of the following would BEST illustrates this behavior?

rubbing and twirling objects

Erica also has issues with attention and the therapist needs to consider this when planning prehension activities so the OT

schedules shorter, more frequent sessions

A child with CP has uneven shoulders, prominent shoulder blade, leans to one side. That type of abnormal curvet causes this?

scoliosis

How many continents on earth. What are screening for?

semantic memory

child will demonstrate better modulation by decreasing his spinning behaviors by 50% without verbal cueing

sensory integration

An important step in reviewing research literature is to

set boundaries for search

An occupational therapist observes a young child turn the pages of a book. In documenting her in-hand manipulation, the occupational therapist describes the child's ability to correctly perform:

shift

In the acute phase, to prevent contractures of UE other than splinting the OT uses

silica care gel and stretching

You ask a client to track a moving object while keeping his head still. What are you testing?

smooth pursuit

Which of the following is not a type of probability sampling?

snowball sampling

A seven year old with spastic diplegia holds a pencil by using a tight spastic tripod grasp and hyperextension of the index distal interphalangeal joint and the thumb interphalangeal joint. To improve grasp on the pencil, the therapist most likely recommends:

soft built up pencil grip

Cerebral palsy is classified by location of lesion, severity and/or clinical findings. A child with damage to his motor cortex would show signs of:

spasticity

UMN lesion

spasticity

velocity dependent

spasticity

Tests intervention density slow adapting fibers

static 2 pt discrimination

In a hospital, an occupational therapist is performing a feeding evaluation for a 3 year old child with a diagnosis of traumatic brain injury. The child begins to cough and make a gurgling sound in her throat. The first thing the occupational therapist should do is:

stop evaluation and notify nurse

You are working with a client who has dysphagia. Which of the following might the client have difficulty with?

swallowing her drink

A 12 year-old middle school student with learning disabilities exhibits no behavioral problems in the classroom. However, whenever the class is in a line waiting to switch classrooms, he becomes agitated and often pushes other children. The OT consultant advises the teacher that this behavior might be indicative of:

tactile defensiveness

You are taking a client out shopping for groceries in her local grocery store. Which of the following approaches might you be using?

task oriented approach

Jessica has sustained a TBI! She is able to pick up her brush and comb her hair, but she combs it for 30 minutes! What is she demonstrating?

task perseveration

You are worried about the validity of the Edwards writing assessment. If the test is valid what is true?

test measures handwriting

Simply stated, development can be seen as:

the interaction of growth (maturation) and learning/skill acquisition (experience)

which of the following is a good reason for writing a written proposal before entering the field

to detail the main thinking and action process that will be implemented for reference

Semmes Weinstein measures

touch threshold

To develop prehension patterns, the OT places small toys on a table and asks Erica to pick up toys an dput them in storage box that is also on the table. The OT uses random practice during the activity. The most appropriate types of arrangement of toys to provide according to motor learning approach is

toys of different size, shape, and weight in a mixed arrangement on the table

You are explaining the stages of pain to a client who has chronic regional pain syndrome. During which stage do nocioceptors become stimulated?

transduction

Which of the following maneuvers is considered to be the most physically stressful to the caregiver?

transfers from chair to toilet

In qualitative studies, researchers may check one source of information against others to ensure accuracy. What is this called?

triangulation

9 hole peg test assess finger dexterity and helpful in looking at median nerve function

true

A primary aim of naturalistic inquiry is to reveal complexity

true

A type I error is a critical error that needs to be avoided because the investigator claims a difference between group values when no difference would be found if the values were ascertained for the entire population.

true

A type II error occurs if the null hypothesis is accepted when it should be rejected

true

According to the Counterirritant Theory of Pain, non-nocioceptors in the dorsal horn inhibit the excited nocioceptors

true

An UMNL will result in spasticity below the lesion and flaccidity at the level of the lesion.

true

Bell's Palsy occurs when the facial nerve swells and becomes compressed

true

Data analysis in qualitative research tends to be a nonlinear process

true

In PEO one of the premises is that occupation can't be understood outside context:

true

Measurement involves the translation of observation into numerical values

true

Meta-analysis is a form of a survey, the unit of analysis of which is previously published research reports

true

Not all design strategies start with a literature review

true

Phenomenological research queries focus on how individuals define their experiences

true

Primitive reflexes appear during gestation and become integrated by 6 months

true

Sampling is a process by which the investigator attempts to select a sub group that represents a larger population.

true

Small receptor fields are given large cortical representation on both sensory and motor homunculus

true

The main purpose of inferential statistics is to evaluate the extent to which specified observation of a sample are representative of the target population.

true

kinesthesia is primarily a conscious system

true

3 yo with Down syndrome is being discharged for Ei to a preschool setting. In the discharge plan the OT would likely recommend the child refrain from

tumbling activities

When performing a transfer using a transfer board, where should you position the board?

under ischial tuberosity

A client comes to your outpatient therapy clinic with makeup applied on one side of her face only. What could this be an indication of?

unilateral neglect

When Carla is spun in a wheelchair he becomes nauseous. Which cranial nerve could be causing this?

vagus

You work with Felicity on the EOB. Suddenly she shows signs of tachycardia, dysphagia, and dysarthria. What nerve might be affected?

vagus

The extent to which a measurement tool measures the underlying concept

validity

The OT is working on dressing skills. During one session the OT has her dress in the bedroom then the next session in the bathroom. During the next session the OT has her don/doff coat in living room. The motor learning principle applied is

variable conditions

Clay has been admitted to the hospital after a severe fall. He complains of vertigo and tinnitus with a broad based gait. He reports his balance is worse at night and in unfamiliar environments. Which system does he have impairment of?

vestibular

Two weeks ago Matt was sick with an upper respiratory infection. He has subsequently been hospitalized as the result of an acute onset of vertigo, vomitting, decreased balance, and nystagmus. The above clinical disorder results from pathology to which cranial nerve?

vestibulocochlear nerve

When taking a bottom-down approach which must you do first?

visual perception testing

Which of the following is most commonly experienced by a patient whose examination or intervention requires the removal of clothing?

vulernability

Autism typically occurs at what stage of a child's life?

within the first 3 years

10 yo with R UE amelia attends OT to learn how to dress independently. The OT recommends the Pt

work on a variety of shirt types of personal preference

When the OT breaks tasks into sub tasks that the child can complete on his own, which principle of Vygotsky's theory is being used?

zone of proximal development


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