Comp Spring 1st year
You are instructing your patient in independent squat-pivot transfers. Your patient is a 110-lb. woman who is fully alert and oriented, and she plans to return home using a wheelchair for her mobility needs. She will be home alone most of the day and must be able to transfer independently. Which of the following instructions will you be most likely to give her?
"You can transfer from the wheelchair to the bed with the armrest closest to the bed moved out of the way."
No increase in tone
0
Slight increased tone with catch at the very end
1
Slight increased tone with a catch with resistance following
1+
14 yo girl incurred full thickness facial anterior trunk and UE burns during an accident. The OT is treating her in an acute setting. OT splints the neck in
10 degrees flexion
Increased tone throughout, but easily moved
2
When do kids first play with others cooperatively
2 years
Considerable increase in tone, PROM difficult
3
Rigid, can't move
4
An occupational therapist is evaluating an 18 month old child due to concerns with self-feeding. The therapist notes that the child is able to finger feed effectively, but is not able to use a spoon or suck from a straw. The occupational therapist puts together supplies to bring to the child's home and plans activities to use during the developmental evaluation. It is important that the therapist include objects and activities that are appropriate for the developmental age of:
9-12 months
The PEO theoretical perspective of occupational therapy intervention as used in pediatrics will always include someone other than the child. This is because:
A child is always part of a dyad, either through family or social service or other agency, who is responsible for the care of the child.
15 yo with a complete myelomeningocele at the T9 level is diagnosed with diabetes. The OT home education program will be most likely to focus on client initiated pressure release because
AJ is likely to have absent sensation in the LE and butt
When the client's head is actively or passively turned to 90 degrees to one side, the extensor tone of the limbs on the face side increases and the flexor tone of the limbs on the skull side increases
ATNR
What are you looking at when doing the Berg Balance or Tinetti test?
Ability to stand, ability to stand unsupported, turn 360 degrees
In qualitative research, saturations is defined as:
Absence of new findings in data
Symptoms of sympathetic nervous system
Activation of all muscle groups and digestive juices stop production
Your patient is a 79-year-old woman who fell on the ice and fractured her hip. She underwent a surgical procedure to repair the fracture and is now non-weight-bearing on the right leg. Which technique would you most likely use to assist her in scooting up in the bed?
Ask her to bend her left leg only and bridge, using her arms to assist.
Randomization at the group assignment level refers to:
Assignment of persons by a method based on chance
Child will use tripod grip to hold a pencil using an adapted gripper
BIomechanical
You are a therapist working in home health care. Your new patient is a 75-year-old woman who fell and broke her hip. She is home after a brief rehabilitation stay. Which of the following would typically be most important to include in your initial assessment?
BP
Which of the following is true in a positive relationship between variables
Both variables increase or decrease together
Norman presents with the following symptoms: Lateral strabismus, diplopia, ptosis of the eyelid, and nystagmus. Which of the following cranial nerves might be impaired?
CN 3 occulmotor
Which of the following is true regarding constraint-induced movement therapy?
Combats non-use, task oriented approach, shaping
You are evaluating a new patient who had a stroke 6 days ago. Which of the following is the best method for assessing this patient's respiration?
Count the rise and fall of the chest for 30 sec while the patient is unaware.
When conducting a sensory evaluation
Demonstrate on self, demonstrate on unaffected then affected
Which of the following is true when performing manual muscle testing?
Depression can impact a client's strength
Which of the following are purposes in experimental research
Descriptive, explanatory, predictive
Considering John's diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, which of the following specific characteristics is he most likely to display?
Deviations in rate of development, perceptual disturbances, echolalia, and inflexible behavior.
What is a symptom of a proprioception disorder?
Difficulty with object manipulation and clumsiness in UE
You are working with a patient on doing lower body dressing. Currently, the patient just has a hospital gown (that ties in the back) on and nothing else. What would be the best way to drape this patient during this treatment?
Drape a sheet over both legs and expose one leg at a time, securing the sheet so that it does not move.
When considering how the concept of center of mass affects your patient's movement, which of the following statements is true?
Each body part, such as a leg or an arm, has its own center of mass.
Scapula protraction
Extensor synergy
Naturalistic data analysis refers on statistical computation
False
Kellie has aspirated. What does this mean?
Food or liquid went past vocal cords and into trachea
5
Full AROM, max resistance
Which of the following are "red flags" for dysphagia?
Gurgly voice, slurred speech, choking, throat clearing
The purpose of descriptive statistics is to:
Identify central tendencies of a study sample
Your patient is a 49-year-old man who sustained a spinal cord injury in a skiing accident. He is unable to move below the level of his umbilicus. You are positioning him in the bed following your treatment. Which of the following describes the most appropriate positioning for this patient?
In a three-quarters supine position with pillows behind him and between his legs
Your evaluate your client's R Shoulder Flexion (AROM) and find it is WNL. What do you do next for MMT of the shoulder? Assume no contraindications or precautions
In sitting, have the client flex her R shoulder to 90 degrees and provide resistance at the anteromedial aspect of the distal humerus while stabilizing the scapula and clavicle
If a child with cerebral palsy has a dominant ATNR on the right, i.e. when the head is turned to the right; which of the following is an accurate description of the behavior?
Increased extensor tone of the right upper extremity
The parents of a four year-old bring the child to a developmental screening, because they are worried that she is delayed in the area of fine motor manipulations. The occupational therapist notes that the child can draw using a dynamic tripod grasp, can copy simple shapes and strings small beads. The therapist tells them that the child:
Is showing a typical age-appropriate skill
Providing the just right challenge involves an activity which
Is similar to Zygotskys zone of proximal development
What is the best hand placement for the patient during a transfer to the left when a transfer board is used?
Left hand open far out enough on the board to allow the hips to move left
Emphasize motor control
NDT
Joe's therapist is working on improving participation in play activities. Her current focus is to improve balance. She uses a therapy ball for this purpose and other techniques like manually guiding and handling Joe. Therapist is most likely influenced by which of the following frames of reference?
NDT
Teach 24 hour management to increase retention and carryover
NDT
The _______ approach is based on neurologic principles and normal development, focusing on an individual's ability to execute efficient postural responses and movement patterns
NDT
Use manual cues to increase use of the involved side
NDT
child will demonstrate better sitting posture 50% of the time without external cueing
NDT
A five year old has been diagnosed with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADHD). The child could demonstrate:
Non-purposeful activity that interferes with function in age-appropriate skills
A norm referenced assessment______ whereas a criterion referenced assessment___
Norm: compares a child's performance to a very large group of children who have been tested with the same assessment Criteria: compares the child's performance to specific criteria for each task.
33. NDT
Normalize tone, postural reactions, inhibit reflexes
Which of the following might you recommend to assist clients with swallowing disorders (in many cases)?
Oral care, multiple swallows, sit up 30 min after eating
Judicious eliciting of reflexes
PNF
Use of maximal resistance to promote overflow of muscle activity
PNF
Use of spiral and diagonal movement patterns
PNF
Which of the following is true regarding pain assessment in patient care?
Pain is always abnormal and can be a valuable indicator of a serious problem.
Bed mobility is a critical component of functional mobility. Which of the following statements regarding bed mobility activities is true?
Patients' movements are best controlled by applying forces centrally.
Shannon has undergone a below the knee amputation and is experiencing phantom limb pain. Which of the following best describes her symptoms?
Perception that the amputated limb is intact and painful
Development occurs through interplay between environment and the child's innate abilities. Which theory of development highlights this?
Piaget's theory
You are preparing to transfer a patient who just had bilateral knee replacements from the bed to the bedside chair. The patient is much taller than you are, and you want to make sure that the transfer is safe for you and the patient. As you face the patient, you determine that blocking both knees is not required. Which of the following positions is the best way to position yourself?
Place your feet about 30 in. apart and staggered.
Which of the following would be most effective in promoting stability during patient-care activities?
Position the LoG near the center of the BoS.
You are working on the orthopedic floor in a large hospital. You are working with a 78-year-old woman who has undergone surgery for a LUE humeral fracture. You have just assisted her out of bed to the bedside chair for breakfast. After breakfast she is planning to return to her bed. As you position the patient in the chair, which of the following considerations is most important?
Positioning the patient to promote comfort and effective swallowing while she is out of bed
An occupational therapist conducts an initial home visit to a family with a premature infant who at 4 months and 5 lbs has just been sent home. The primary goal for the occupational therapist in the first treatment visit would be to:
Practice effective communication and develop a therapeutic relationship
Which of the following is NOT a main reason for reviewing literature
Provide exhaustive overview
Manipulation in true experimental type design refers to:
Providing or withholding an independent variable in both experimental control groups
Which of the following notations is correct using Campbell and Stanley's notation?
R= randomization, O=observation of dependent variable, X=exposure to treatment or intervention
An 11 year old low average sensory integration dysfunction attends OT weekly in a pediatric private practice. The child shows no improvement in coordination, equilibrium and motor planning in the last 2 months. The teacher states that school performance and school behavior are adequate, but not optimum. The best choice for the therapist in the private setting is to:
Re-evaluate the child to determine a new focus of OT intervention
3 yo with hemiplegia is evaluated for EI. During the eval the OT observes behaviors that indicate visual deficits. The most appropriate action is
Refer to optometrist
Randomized controlled trial:
Relies on true experimental design
DSM Criteria
Repetitive behavior, social and communication, early childhood, impairs everyday functioning
Parasympathetic nervous system:
Respiration slows and becomes shallow and pupils contract
A 14-year old high school student with spina bifida has attained all goals to ensure full participation in the classroom. She is cognitively intact and socially competent. At the next IEP, with transition planning in mind, the occupational therapist recommends:
Reviewing the student's aptitudes, interests and preferences to establish self-determined goals
An occupational therapist observes that an 18-month old child is not able to creep more than a few steps because as he looks up, his hips and knees flex and he ends up W sitting with his arms extended and propped forward. The occupational therapist reports that the child demonstrates:
STNR
When the client is supine or in quadruped, flexing the client's head will cause the upper extremities to flex and the lower extremities to extend
STNR
For a two year old child with hypotonia and diagnosed as having major developmental delay (child is not able to sit independently), the occupational therapist would recommend to the parents to put the child in which position for feeding?
Semi-reclined with neck in neutral
AROM assessment reveals your client has full AROM in her wrist. Which of the following is true? Assume no contraindications or precautions
She has at least 3/5 strength in her wrist
In both squat-pivot and standing-pivot transfers, which of the following is the first task that must be accomplished?
Shifting the patient's CoM forward over the pivot point
When positioning the feet of a patient for a pivot transfer, the inner foot is positioned
Slightly forward to prevent obstruction.
An occupational therapist provides parents of a child with tactile defensiveness with strategies and guidelines to help the child handle the symptoms of this sensory processing disorder. The most appropriate suggestions for the therapist to make would include:
Soften clothing by repeated laundering and remove clothing tags
How does one elicit Moro reflex?
Startling the child with sudden movement
The parents of a teenager with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy state that the child can no longer don or doff a t-shirt and that he wants to learn how to wear a t-shirt. On evaluation, the therapist notes that the teenager can no longer actively reach beyond 90 degrees of shoulder flexion and abduction. The best approach is to have the child:
Support the elbows on a table at chest height to don the t-shirt over the arms and then don over the head.
When the client is supine with the head at midline, the extremities will extend or have increased extensor tone
TLR
Laura has suffered a nerve injury and is complaining of hyersensitivity in her fingers. Which of the following methods would be most appropriate for achieving desensitization?
Textured materials, rubbing, tapping
Which of the following statements is true regarding use of a gait belt during transfers?
The belt is used primarily to control the motion of an unstable patient.
When performing a wheelchair using a transfer board, what should be the position of the wheelchair relative to the target transfer surface?
The chair should be positioned at an acute angle to the transfer surface.
Which of the following is true regarding blood pressure?
The difference between systolic and diastolic pressures is pulse pressure.
Which of the following is most strongly related to injuries sustained when assisting patients?
The number of repetitions of the task completed by the person
To optimize performance, while Erica is in the initial stages of learning the therapist provides feedback. Which would be more beneficial in the initial stages?
The therapist provides the child with feedback on performance skills
Which of the following criteria is used to determine the extent of protection against infection used during patient interactions?
The type of care and level of physical interaction between patient and clinician
Which of the following is true of standard precautions?
They are to be used with anyone at risk for the presence of pathogens.
Which of the following is true regarding mirror-box therapy?
Visual input, for chronic pain and phantom limb
Which of the following communication devices capitalizes on the strengths of most students with autism?
Visual schedules, cue cards, charts
Which of the following represents best practice in hand washing?
Washing between your fingers as well as on top of the hands
The primary reason we are interested in biomechanics as OT's is that
We need to be able to apply biomechanical principles to assist patients safely and efficiently.
When determining which mobility and positioning procedures to use in patient care, what is the first question you should consider?
What are the client goals and what am I trying to accomplish with the movement or positioning?
Your patient is a 64-year-old man who had a stroke and has severe right upper-extremity weakness as a result. His right hand has become very edematous. Which of the following is the best position for the patient's right arm to aid in the management of his edema?
With the hand on a pillow, higher than the heart, while he is supine
You are worried about the reliability fo the Sen ROM assessment. If the test is reliable, what is true
You and a peer get the same results if you administer it to the same client
You are working with a man who had a bout of congestive heart failure. He is now quite deconditioned and is receiving 2 liters of oxygen per minute through a nasal cannula. You are about to begin a functional mobility activity with this patient. Which of the following would be true in this clinical scenario?
You will be concerned if the patient's oxygen saturation drops below 90%.
What is evidence based practice?
a practice model
Your client is complaining of somatic pain. Which of the following symptoms might he be exhibiting?
aching and cramping
Robert plans birthday parties and utilizes calendars, lists, and written instructions. What type of approach is this?
adaptive
Sensory integration intervention differs from sensorimotor activities in that the therapist is always eliciting an
adaptive response
When taking a top down approach, which must you do first
adl assessment
can't write numbers
agraphia
72 hours post skin graft surgery splinting should be used
all the time except during dressing changes
We evaluate a child as evaluation:
allows us to discriminate, predict, and plan
While cutting veggies sara has pasta on stove. When pasta begins boil over she continues to cut veggies. What attention deficit is she displaying?
alternating
For a child with erb's palsy what do you expect?
an arm that hangs limply to side with shoulder rotated inward
Anne had a MVA where had moderate brain damage. She can't remember day to day events but can remember past. What is this?
anterograde amnesia
Mr. Cruise has sustained a L hemisphere CVA. Which of the following symptoms might he exhibit?
aphasia
Cerebellum
balance
CoM
balance point of object
Which is not a characteristic of true experimental research
bias
An occupational therapist is working with a 10 year old child with moderate ataxia and age appropriate cognitive abilities. The child's performance for writing is impaired due to his involuntary movements. The therapist decides to use weighted cuffs to reduce his involuntary movements. This is an example of which of the following frames of reference?
biomechanical
Subtests of the Purdue Pegboard?
both hands, assembly, right hand
Bilateral absence of grasp reflex may mean damage to the infant's CNS while unilateral absence could mean an injury due to birth trauma such as a fractured clavicle or injury to the
brachial plexus
Your client has locked-in syndrome. What portion of the brain is impacted?
brainstem
Mean, median, and mode are examples of which type of statistics?
central tendency
sudden catch followed by release
clasp knife
When Anne's elbow is moved passively by the therapist into greater extension, the elbow joint cant be moved. With sustained stretch, the spasticity suddenly gives way and the elbow can be moved into extension. What is this known as?
clasp knife syndrome
uncontrolled oscillations
clonus
14 yo with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and depression is evaluated for power wheelchair. The most important area for the OT to determine readiness is
cognitive skills
catch and release resistance throughout
cogwheel
variable
concept or construct with numerical values assigned
Which of the following is not a method of data analysis in grounded theory?
conceptual coding
Which of the following is not a type of variable in experimental type research
concrete variable
Ms. Crowder's OT notices that she is exhibiting signs of ideational apraxia. What behaviors might Mrs. Crowder demonstrate?
confusion as to what to do with a shirt when getting dressed
Tony is a waiter at the Olive Garden Restaurant. He has recently sustained a L CVA. You want to see how he does setting a table as part of his Inpatient Rehab. After setting out the appropriate materials for him, you ask Tony to set the table. He has no idea how to organize and sequence setting the table. Which of the following best describes his deficit?
constructional apraxia
Your eyes are having trouble focusing. What visual component are you having difficulty with?
convergence
You are working in a hospital and have just received a referral for a patient who had a surgical procedure yesterday. You want to assess his vital signs, including his pulse, before initiating any activity. Which of the following methods would be most appropriate for assessing this patient's pulse initially?
count pulse for 60 sec
Which of the following involves having numerous x-rays taken at various angles that are used to create cross-sectional images?
ct scan
Your patient is lying in bed with his arms and legs stiff, straight, and internally rotated. His back is arched. The patient is exhibiting which of the following?
decerebrate rigidity
John presents with hyperactivity, decreased attention span and limited eye contact. What occupational therapy intervention plan is MOST appropriate within a sensorimotor framework?
decreased arousal through inhibitory methods
Brian sustained a prefrontal brain damage in MVA. What might see when assessing self-monitoring/awareness?
decreased social judgment
The primary form of reasoning used in experimental research
deductive
A 6 year old child with autism and tactile defensiveness is receiving intervention from an occupational therapist who uses a sensory integrative approach. In introducing tactile stimuli to the child, the MOST appropriate method is to
deep pressure where the child can see
An occupational therapist reviews a written positioning protocol for a child having Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita with the infant's mother. The therapist notices that the mother does not seem to follow along with the protocol's text. The most appropriate action for the therapist to take is to:
demonstrate proper positioning techniques
2 point discrimination
discriminative tactile
Stereognosis
discriminative tactile
An eight month-old child demonstrates a positive downward parachute reflex. The most appropriate action for an occupational therapist is to:
document typical reflex patterns
You ask Abby to reach for a glass of water and she overreaches. Which of the following best describes the type of dysfunction she has?
dymetria
When asked a question, Kara often repeats what she hears verbatim rather than providing an answer. This condition is referred to as
echolalia
Stroke survivors may start crying or laughing inappropriately. What is this called?
emotional lability
Which of the following is not one of three levels of questions in experimental type research?
ethnographic
15 yo with congenital bilateral above elbow amputation is referred to OT to increase independence in ADLs. He wants to be independent in donning/doffing shirts. The first action the OT takes is
evaluate lower extremity strength
Frontal
executive function
Shoulder adduction
extensor synergy
Which of the following is referred to the extent to which results of a quantitative study can be generalized to a broader population the study sample represents?
external validity
The OT notes Erica's shoes are on the wrong feet. The OT asks Erica to look at her shoes and informs her of this. The motor learning principle used is
extrinsic feedback
Fast rocking
facilitatory
Heavy joint compression
facilitatory
Inversion
facilitatory
Resistance
facilitatory
Vestibular stimulation
facilitatory
Children's development follows a rigid developmental sequence
false
Experimental research is the most rigorous form of investigation that should be used
false
Human beings use righting reactions to maintain upright posture and adjust their body relative to the horizontal axis
false
In qualitative research, researchers are considered a research instrument
false
Ptosis, nystagmus, strabismus are all symptoms of damage to the optic nerve?
false
The presence of primitive reflexes is a sign of recovery after a brain injury.
false
The two group randomized controlled trial is the best design to use for any type of research
false
it is usually best to obtain a large sample size
false
Equilibrium reactions are the second line of defense against falling
false 1st: equilibrium, 2nd: protective
The therapist gives Tim a box of knives, forks, and spoons that are all the same color and size. She asks Tim to pick out the fork from the other utensils. What skill is she evaluating?
figure ground
A two-year old child receives home care early intervention services. To facilitate the development of a pincer grasp, the therapist recommends that the family encourage the child to:
finger feed o shaped cereal
0
flaccid
LMN lesion
flaccidity
absence of tone
flaccidity
Forearm supination
flexor synergy
Sara is 2 weeks status post CVA she displays: scapular elevation and retraction, shoulder abduction and external rotation, elbow/wrist/finger flexion, ankle and toe plantar flexion. What is she displaying?
flexor synergy
Scapular retraction
flexor synergy
You stimulate the sole of a one month old. The baby flexes her hip/knee/ankle. What is this?
flexor withdrawal
Which of the following symptoms is Sue least likely to demonstrate?
fluctuations of tone from low to high
Sue wants to participate in outdoor play activities with peers. The family's goal for the child is to ride a bike. The OT recommends:
foot propelled bicycle with hand brakes
You show a client the letter M on a computer. You then ask him to find the same letter in a textbook. What are you testing?
form constancy
Mr. Aiken is a 57 year old male admitted to your hospital. He has sustained a CVA. During his OT Evaluation, you note that he exhibits a flat affect, little motivation to engage in the eval, and decreased executive functioning. His deficit is most likely in which lobe?
frontal
3
full AROM (NOT FUNCTIONAL)
4
full AROM, mod resistance
2
full PROM
Brent learned use microwave in therapy but can't at home. What does he have a problem with?
generalization
Which of the following factors is a requirement for performing independent seated lateral transfers without a transfer board?
good trunk control
A child with mild cerebral palsy receives OT treatment in a preschool setting. To facilitate development of typical grasp patterns, the most appropriate intervention is for the occupational therapist to
grade the size and shape of the object to be grasped
when evaluating tone
grasp the limb proximally and distally
3-
greater half AROM
4-
greater than than half AROM mod resistance
Which of the following approaches is used to generate theory
grounded theory
Which type of research query in naturalistic inquiriy is specifically used to generate theory?
grounded theory
Full thickness burns leads to
hard, insensate, leathery appearance with inflexible eschar
A research study was planned to explore people's attitudes toward gun control in a mid-sized town in North Carolina. The month before the study was schedule to be carried out, a man suffered from mental illness walked into a shopping center with a semi-automatic weapon and began to shoot ending in several deaths. Which threat to internal validity was this study likely to endure?
history
Desensitization is used for
hypersensitivity
increased tone
hypertonicity
During a classroom screening, an 8 year old is observed holding her pencil with a tight grip. She appears to rely heavily on visual cues to assist her in both fine and gross motor tasks. During gross motor activities, she moves in an uncoordinated manner. The occupational therapist uses a sensory integrative frame of reference to interpret evaluation data. The therapist documents that the child requires further evaluation to assess for:
impaired proprioception
social stories are used to:
improve social interaction
An eight-month old child with spina bifida at the L1 level shows cognitive function within normal limits. In OT, this child is most likely working on:
increased trunk balance when placed in sitting
Handling techniques used in the NDT approach for cerebral palsy are utilized to obtain all of the following except:
increasing ROM
A 6 year old with autism receives home care OT intervention services. The mother identifies a primary goal of developing the child's independent toileting skills. The child is completely dependent and the mother reports no attempting toilet training for several years. The occupational therapist identifies that the first intervention goal is to have the child
indicate when diaper is wet or soiled
Infection transmitted through shared toys that have not been cleaned between uses is an example of
indirect contact transmission
In qualitative research individuals who participate in a study are called
informants
Light joint compression
inhibitory
Neutral warmth
inhibitory
Slow stroking
inhibitory
OT provides immediate, constant feedback. What awareness is she focusing on?
intellectual
You have Penny alternate between touching her finger and her nose. Which of the following might you be looking for during the task?
intention tremors
Which of the following is referred to level of confidence that reported outcomes of a quantitative study are the consequence of relationship between independent and dependent variables and not that of extraneous factors?
internal validity
what is the most common way of data collection for phenomenology research?
interviews
When evaluating a child who is at risk for shunt malfunction, it is MOST important for the therapist to observe for which of the following?
irritability and nausea
A level 1 experimental question has which of the following characteristics
it examines one variable in predefined population
A research question in experimental type research has which of the following characteristics?
it's posed priori or before entering the field
assessment with 7 timed subtests
jebsen
assessment with sentence writing
jebsen
Disorders which are characterized by serious abnormalities in the developmental process, fall under the heading of pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) and are usually associated with impairment in several areas of development. From early infancy, some children will exhibit a spectrum of developmental impairments and delays that include which of the following?
language, social communication, intellectual deficits
Mark had brain damage after fell from ladder. He is emotionally labile, depressed, and despondent. What is this due to?
left prefrontal damage
2-
less full PROM
2+
less half AROM
3+
less half AROM with mod resistance or full AROM with min resistance
Experimental research is based on the unifying philosophical foundation
logical positivism
An occupational therapist researcher conducted a study to determine whether an OT intervention improved handwriting skills in a group of first grade students over one year time. Which threat of internal validity in the study likely to endure?
maturation
Which of the following is not a measure of variability?
mean
assessment d esigned employee selection
minnesota
assessment done standing
minnesota
The triad of social impairment for individuals with autism spectrum disorder includes all of the following except
mobility difficulties
1
muscle contraction
Which of the following is an example of an internal force commonly used when assisting patients with movement?
muscle tension
An occupational therapist advises a mother of an 18-month-old with developmental delays on techniques to facilitate feeding. The child has a reflexive bite. The occupational therapist suggests that when feeding the child, the mother use a:
narrow shallow plastic spoon
Going ___ means an ethnographer immerses so completely in the group that he can no longer be objective
native
Which of the following records the rate of transmission and amplitude of response of peripheral nerves?
nerve conduction
What is the level of measurement for telephone numbers?
nominal
7 yo child referred to OT for handwriting difficulties. The therapist does VMI, which reports child's standard scores being within average age range. This type of assessment is
norm referenced test
Which of the following is true of acute pain?
objective findings and well localized
To gather information about the dressing skills of a 10 year old with intellectual deficits, this data-gathering method would provide the most objective information about his current dressing skills?
observing BADL routines
Tasks perceived as boring, meaningless or stressful and leading to a sense of estrangement and a lack of satisfaction in one's occupations leads to:
occupational alienation
A 10 year old child has recently been diagnosed with Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis in an acute inflammatory stage. The initial OT screening should include assessment of:
pain
You are testing your clients pinch strength. You place the pinch meter between the pad of the thumb and pads of the index and middle finger. What are you evaluating?
palmar pinch
A group of 3 preschool kids are playing side by side yet at times they notice what other are doing and modify accordingly. This is an example of
parallel play
You are an OT in an early intervention toddler classroom where most of your clients are 2-3 years old. Which kind of play do you expect to be predominant between these children?
parallel play
The Individuals with Disabilities Education has two main parts: Part B for children 3-21 and Part C for children birth to three. The primary difference between these two programs (other than age range) is:
part b focuses solely on academics
Which of the following approaches is typically used for advocacy for an underserved population?
participatory active research
Parietal
perception
A&O x 4
person, place, time, situation
A 6 year old boy attends an after-school program for children with sensory integration deficits. The evaluation has determined that activities involving deep proprioceptive input would best meet this child's needs. The best activity for the occupational therapist to use is
playing tug of war
The most important position to prevent are
positions of comfort
Your client with a stroke goes on a tilt board where you displace the center of gravity. Her trunk curves and her head rights. What is this?
positive equilibrium tilting reaction
Epistemology
preferred way of knowing
The four types of clinical reasoning as identified in the clinical reasoning studies include:
procedural, interactive, conditional, narrative
Coworker planned event, but starts to rain so says only option is cancel the event. What having trouble with?
production
A five year-old with short attention span and perceptual processing difficulties is referred to occupational therapy. The therapist elects to focus on the performance components of sensory processing and evaluates:
proprioception
Donna is beginning to get dressed when the power goes out and the room is pitch black. She is unable to figure out how to get her arms in the shirt. What is she having difficulty with?
proprioception
Discrimination hot and cold
protective tactile
a. Detection light touch
protective tactile
When see pictures of family and discuss relationships, what working on?
recognition
Which is not correct in terms of reflex integration?
reflex disappears
Client sustained head injury and shows primitive reflexes. What does this mean?
reflexes have re-emerged
In keeping with the IDEA recommendation of "least restrictive environment", a school-based occupational therapist would conduct therapy interventions in a:
regular classroom when general classes are in session
The extent of stability of a measurement tool is called
reliability
What is not a principle of participatory active research?
respect for authority
What is NOT an element of a research proposal
results
After Jane's MVA she can not remember personal past history for several days. What is this called?
retrograde amnesia
Remedial technique for attention deficits
reward for attending 10 mins
John has severe brain damage from MVA. He has lability, but is extremely euphoric and says never felt better. What occurred?
right prefrontal damage
Primitive level reflexes include all the following except
righting reflex
The pre-school staff has difficulty calming John after active group sessions. Using a Sensory Integration approach, what should the occupational therapist recommend?
rock in a rocking chair
Which activity would provide the MOST tactile stimulation for John in the pre-school setting?
rolling in a furry blanket
The head turns in the same direction the cheek is stroke. The child then latches onto the finger and sucks. What is this called?
rooting and sucking reflex
John was seen to seek tactile stimulation quite aggressively. Which of the following would BEST illustrates this behavior?
rubbing and twirling objects
Erica also has issues with attention and the therapist needs to consider this when planning prehension activities so the OT
schedules shorter, more frequent sessions
A child with CP has uneven shoulders, prominent shoulder blade, leans to one side. That type of abnormal curvet causes this?
scoliosis
How many continents on earth. What are screening for?
semantic memory
child will demonstrate better modulation by decreasing his spinning behaviors by 50% without verbal cueing
sensory integration
An important step in reviewing research literature is to
set boundaries for search
An occupational therapist observes a young child turn the pages of a book. In documenting her in-hand manipulation, the occupational therapist describes the child's ability to correctly perform:
shift
In the acute phase, to prevent contractures of UE other than splinting the OT uses
silica care gel and stretching
You ask a client to track a moving object while keeping his head still. What are you testing?
smooth pursuit
Which of the following is not a type of probability sampling?
snowball sampling
A seven year old with spastic diplegia holds a pencil by using a tight spastic tripod grasp and hyperextension of the index distal interphalangeal joint and the thumb interphalangeal joint. To improve grasp on the pencil, the therapist most likely recommends:
soft built up pencil grip
Cerebral palsy is classified by location of lesion, severity and/or clinical findings. A child with damage to his motor cortex would show signs of:
spasticity
UMN lesion
spasticity
velocity dependent
spasticity
Tests intervention density slow adapting fibers
static 2 pt discrimination
In a hospital, an occupational therapist is performing a feeding evaluation for a 3 year old child with a diagnosis of traumatic brain injury. The child begins to cough and make a gurgling sound in her throat. The first thing the occupational therapist should do is:
stop evaluation and notify nurse
You are working with a client who has dysphagia. Which of the following might the client have difficulty with?
swallowing her drink
A 12 year-old middle school student with learning disabilities exhibits no behavioral problems in the classroom. However, whenever the class is in a line waiting to switch classrooms, he becomes agitated and often pushes other children. The OT consultant advises the teacher that this behavior might be indicative of:
tactile defensiveness
You are taking a client out shopping for groceries in her local grocery store. Which of the following approaches might you be using?
task oriented approach
Jessica has sustained a TBI! She is able to pick up her brush and comb her hair, but she combs it for 30 minutes! What is she demonstrating?
task perseveration
You are worried about the validity of the Edwards writing assessment. If the test is valid what is true?
test measures handwriting
Simply stated, development can be seen as:
the interaction of growth (maturation) and learning/skill acquisition (experience)
which of the following is a good reason for writing a written proposal before entering the field
to detail the main thinking and action process that will be implemented for reference
Semmes Weinstein measures
touch threshold
To develop prehension patterns, the OT places small toys on a table and asks Erica to pick up toys an dput them in storage box that is also on the table. The OT uses random practice during the activity. The most appropriate types of arrangement of toys to provide according to motor learning approach is
toys of different size, shape, and weight in a mixed arrangement on the table
You are explaining the stages of pain to a client who has chronic regional pain syndrome. During which stage do nocioceptors become stimulated?
transduction
Which of the following maneuvers is considered to be the most physically stressful to the caregiver?
transfers from chair to toilet
In qualitative studies, researchers may check one source of information against others to ensure accuracy. What is this called?
triangulation
9 hole peg test assess finger dexterity and helpful in looking at median nerve function
true
A primary aim of naturalistic inquiry is to reveal complexity
true
A type I error is a critical error that needs to be avoided because the investigator claims a difference between group values when no difference would be found if the values were ascertained for the entire population.
true
A type II error occurs if the null hypothesis is accepted when it should be rejected
true
According to the Counterirritant Theory of Pain, non-nocioceptors in the dorsal horn inhibit the excited nocioceptors
true
An UMNL will result in spasticity below the lesion and flaccidity at the level of the lesion.
true
Bell's Palsy occurs when the facial nerve swells and becomes compressed
true
Data analysis in qualitative research tends to be a nonlinear process
true
In PEO one of the premises is that occupation can't be understood outside context:
true
Measurement involves the translation of observation into numerical values
true
Meta-analysis is a form of a survey, the unit of analysis of which is previously published research reports
true
Not all design strategies start with a literature review
true
Phenomenological research queries focus on how individuals define their experiences
true
Primitive reflexes appear during gestation and become integrated by 6 months
true
Sampling is a process by which the investigator attempts to select a sub group that represents a larger population.
true
Small receptor fields are given large cortical representation on both sensory and motor homunculus
true
The main purpose of inferential statistics is to evaluate the extent to which specified observation of a sample are representative of the target population.
true
kinesthesia is primarily a conscious system
true
3 yo with Down syndrome is being discharged for Ei to a preschool setting. In the discharge plan the OT would likely recommend the child refrain from
tumbling activities
When performing a transfer using a transfer board, where should you position the board?
under ischial tuberosity
A client comes to your outpatient therapy clinic with makeup applied on one side of her face only. What could this be an indication of?
unilateral neglect
When Carla is spun in a wheelchair he becomes nauseous. Which cranial nerve could be causing this?
vagus
You work with Felicity on the EOB. Suddenly she shows signs of tachycardia, dysphagia, and dysarthria. What nerve might be affected?
vagus
The extent to which a measurement tool measures the underlying concept
validity
The OT is working on dressing skills. During one session the OT has her dress in the bedroom then the next session in the bathroom. During the next session the OT has her don/doff coat in living room. The motor learning principle applied is
variable conditions
Clay has been admitted to the hospital after a severe fall. He complains of vertigo and tinnitus with a broad based gait. He reports his balance is worse at night and in unfamiliar environments. Which system does he have impairment of?
vestibular
Two weeks ago Matt was sick with an upper respiratory infection. He has subsequently been hospitalized as the result of an acute onset of vertigo, vomitting, decreased balance, and nystagmus. The above clinical disorder results from pathology to which cranial nerve?
vestibulocochlear nerve
When taking a bottom-down approach which must you do first?
visual perception testing
Which of the following is most commonly experienced by a patient whose examination or intervention requires the removal of clothing?
vulernability
Autism typically occurs at what stage of a child's life?
within the first 3 years
10 yo with R UE amelia attends OT to learn how to dress independently. The OT recommends the Pt
work on a variety of shirt types of personal preference
When the OT breaks tasks into sub tasks that the child can complete on his own, which principle of Vygotsky's theory is being used?
zone of proximal development
