COMPS B: Exam 5
If an alpha error is equivalent to a false positive, then a beta error is equivalent to a: Select one: A. true positive. B. true negative. C. false positive. D. false negative.
False negative
Two weeks before the election for senior class president, the four candidates are given the opportunity to deliver a 10-minute speech during a school assembly. Sally Smart is familiar with research on the recency and primacy effects and, therefore, asks if she can speak: Select one: A. first. B. second. C. third. D. fourth
First (primacy effect > recent effect)
According to the DSM-5, the lifetime prevalence of Schizophrenia in the general population is approximately: Select one: A. .01%. B. 0.5%. C. 5%. D. 10%.
.5%
For children with a learning disorder, the most frequent co-diagnosis is ADHD, with approximately _____% of children with a learning disorder also receiving the latter diagnosis. Select one: A. 5 to 10 B. 20 to 30 C. 45 to 50 D. 65 to 75
20 to 30
Children between the ages of approximately _______ years are in the phallic stage of psychosexual development according to Freud and in the initiative vs. guilt stage of psychosocial development according to Erikson. Select one: A. 1 to 3 B. 3 to 6 C. 6 to 12 D. 12 to 15
3 to 6
A movie viewer is MOST likely to say he/she feels uncomfortable in a crowded movie theater when the movie is: Select one: A. a violent action film. B. a sexually arousing film. C. a boring documentary. D. an amusing comedy.
A boring documentary
Soon after starting to take an antidepressant, a young woman develops several troublesome symptoms including dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation, and blurred vision. Which of the following would be most useful for alleviating these side effects? Select one: A. caffeine B. an antihistamine C. a dopamine agonist D. a cholinergic agonist
A cholinergic agonist (drug that binds to Ach receptors)
Which of the following outcomes is not predicted by cognitive dissonance theory? Select one: A. A college student who is subjected to a difficult and painful initiation into a fraternity is likely to resent the other members. B. A gambler who loses all his money will say he gambles for the fun of it. C. A person who breaks his arm playing football will say that broken bones are not that painful. D. A person paid $2.50 an hour for stuffing envelopes will rate the task as more pleasant than a person paid $10.00 an hour for doing the same task.
A college student who is subjected to a difficult and painful initiation into a fraternity is likely to resent the other members
From the perspective of object-relations theory, projective identification is illustrated by which of the following? Select one: A. A woman who doesn't want to own her feelings of love and hate manipulates another person into experiencing them. B. A child kicks and pushes his mother away from him even though he actually longs for her attention. C. A man continuously interprets his wife's behavior as an attempt to "mother" him. D. A therapist reacts to lower-SES clients in ways consistent with stereotypes she formed during her internship.
A woman who doesn't want to own her feelings of love and hate manipulates another person into experiencing them
The word HEART is projected onto a screen so that HE is projected to the subject's left visual field only while ART is projected to the subject's right visual field only. If the subject in the experiment is a "split brain" patient, you would expect him/her to report seeing: Select one: A. HE only. B. ART only. C. ART HE D. HE ART.
ART only (Because ART was projected to the patient's right visual field, it was processed by the left hemisphere which is specialized for language in most people. Thus, a split-brain patient could report seeing ART)
All of the following tend to enhance the effectiveness of punishment as a method for eliminating a target behavior except: Select one: A. administering the punishment on an intermittent schedule. B. administering the punishment immediately after the target behavior occurs. C. administering the punishment from the beginning at a moderate strength. D. giving a "warning" cue just prior to administering the punishment.
Administering the punishment on an intermittent schedule
The 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health found that the largest percentage of respondents ages 12 through 17 used which of the following during the past month? Select one: A. hallucinogenics B. marijuana C. tobacco products D. alcohol
Alcohol
Surveys have found that women in which of the following groups report the highest lifetime rate of victimization by an intimate partner? Select one: A. White Americans B. African Americans C. Asians/Pacific Islanders D. American Indians/Alaska Natives
American Indians/Alaska Natives
According to Sternberg's (1998) triarchic theory, intelligence consists of which of the following three factors? Select one: A. general, broad, and specialized B. analytical, creative, and practical C. attention, processing, and planning D. general, fluid, and crystallized
Analytical, creative, and practical
In comparison to tricyclic antidepressants, fluoxetine and other SSRIs: Select one: A. are more cardiotoxic. B. are less likely to negatively affect sleep and anxiety symptoms. C. are less likely to cause cognitive impairments. D. are more effective for positive symptoms
Are less likely to cause cognitive impairments
Research investigating the effectiveness of SSRIs as a treatment for Alcohol Dependence suggests that these drugs: Select one: A. reduce alcohol consumption for individuals with either early or late onset Alcohol Dependence. B. are more likely to reduce alcohol consumption for individuals with early (versus late) onset Alcohol Dependence. C. are more likely to reduce alcohol consumption for individuals with late (versus early) onset Alcohol Dependence. D. have no effect on alcohol consumption regardless of the onset of Alcohol Dependence.
Are more likely to reduce alcohol consumption for individuals with late (vs. early) onset alcohol dependence
Melanie Klein considered the actions of children during play therapy to be equivalent to an adult client's free associations. Anna Freud, in commenting on Klein's conclusions: Select one: A. agreed that play therapy could be used as a substitute for free association. B. argued that the actions of children during play therapy are better considered a form of "acting out." C. argued that the actions of children during play therapy are better interpreted as a form of resistance. D. concluded that play therapy is counterproductive in the analysis of children
Argued that the actions of children during play therapy are better considered a form of "acting out"
Lev Vygotsky's view of cognitive development is best described as a(n): Select one: A. neo-Piagetian theory. B. information processing theory. C. biological-maturationist approach. D. contextual approach.
Contextual approach
A client of yours is currently suing her employer for race discrimination. You receive a subpoena from the employer's attorney requiring you to appear at a deposition to provide information about the client. When you discuss this with the client, she tells you she does not want you to provide the employer with any information from her therapy sessions. You should: Select one: A. provide the requested information at the deposition since privilege is waived in this situation. B. attend the deposition but provide only that information you believe to be germane to the case. C. refuse to attend the deposition without a court order. D. ask your attorney to contact the employer's attorney to discuss the situation
Ask your attorney to contact the employer's attorney to discuss the situation
Dr. Burgher is the only psychologist in a small town. His daughter's girl scout leader wants to begin seeing Dr. Burgher to work through some family-related problems. As an ethical psychologist, Dr. Burgher should: Select one: A. refuse to see the woman because to do so would constitute a "multiple relationship." B. see the woman since he is the only psychologist in town and her problems are unrelated to her role as girl scout leader. C. determine the seriousness of the woman's problems and base his decision about seeing the woman on the outcome of that evaluation. D. assess the potential for exploitation and loss of objectivity and base his decision about seeing the woman on the outcome of that assessment
Assess the potential for exploitation and loss of objectivity and base his decision about seeing the woman on the outcome of that assessment
A distinguishing feature of the Montessori method is its: Select one: A. emphasis on cooperative learning and group achievement. B. use of art and music to teach academic subjects. C. assumption that all learning stems from sense perception. D. placement of children in classes on the basis of developmental level rather than chronological age
Assumption that all learning stems from sense perception
Tetraplegia is most likely to be the outcome of spinal cord injury at the ________ level. Select one: A. T9-T12 B. L2-L5 C. S3-S5 D. C1-C7
C1-C7
Privilege: A. can be waived by the client. B. can be waived by the client's therapist. C. can be waived only by the court. D. is waived by the attorney in a legal proceeding
Can be waived by the client
Sherif's (1965) social judgment theory implies that, before trying to persuade someone to your point of view, you should consider his/her: Select one: A. categories of judgment. B. locus of control. C. category-based expectancies. D. level of self-monitoring.
Categories of judgment (A person is most likely to be persuaded when a message is within his/her latitude of acceptance.)
A child with Autism Spectrum Disorder without language impairment would be expected to obtain the lowest score on which of the following WISC-V subtests? Select one: A. Block Design B. Matrix Reasoning C. Similarities D. Coding
Coding
Which of the following tests is based on the PASS model of intelligence? Select one: A. Columbia Mental Maturity Scale B. Fagan Test C. Cognitive Assessment System D. Wonderlic
Cognitive Assessment System (measure of basic cognitive processes and distinguishes between four cognitive functions -- planning, attention, simultaneous processing, and sequential processing)
On Holland's Self-Directed Search, the frequency with which an examinee's code occurred in the standardization sample is referred to as: Select one: A. congruence. B. commonness. C. consistency. D. coherence.
Commonness
Prochaska, Norcross, and DiClemente's (1994) transtheoretical model distinguishes between 10 different change processes and proposes that the most effective combination of processes depends on a client's stage of change. For example, they recommend consciousness raising, dramatic relief, and environmental re-evaluation as useful strategies for helping clients transition into the __________ stage. Select one: A. maintenance B. conformity C. action D. contemplation
Contemplation
The Introduction and Applicability section of the APA's Ethics Code notes that the APA may take action against a member after his/her: Select one: A. conviction of a felony. B. conviction of a felony or misdemeanor. C. conviction of a felony or misdemeanor only when the offense is clearly related to the psychologists professional role. D. conviction of a felony only when the offense resulted in a loss or suspension of licensure.
Conviction of a felony
A test developer is asked to develop a test to evaluate the effects of a training program on the sales success of inexperienced sales employees. When establishing the validity of the test, the test developer will probably be MOST interested in which of the following types of test validity? Select one: A. discriminant B. content C. criterion-related D. construct
Criterion-related (the relationship between test scores and a criterion measure)
Which of the following is most effective for establishing a conditioned response? Select one: A. backward conditioning B. simultaneous conditioning C. trace conditioning D. delay conditioning
Delay conditioning
Smith, Glass, and Miller's (1980) use of meta-analysis involved: Select one: A. counting the number of psychotherapy outcome studies that found a statistically significant difference between treatment and no-treatment groups. B. statistically comparing the number of psychotherapy outcomes studies that did and did not find significant treatment effects. C. determining the average magnitude of the outcome of psychotherapy across a large number of outcome studies. D. using initial symptom severity and type and duration of treatment to predict average treatment outcome.
Determining the average magnitude of the outcome of psychotherapy across a large number of outcome studies
Ho (1987) and others have recommended the use of a(n) __________ approach when working with African American therapy clients. Select one: A. ecostructural B. solution-focused C. narrative D. ethnographic
Ecostructural (example of multisystems approach)
Research on the speed-accuracy tradeoff suggests that, when teaching complex motor skills that require both speed and accuracy for successful performance, the best strategy is to initially: Select one: A. emphasize speed over accuracy. B. emphasize accuracy over speed. C. consistently emphasize speed and accuracy to the same degree. D. alternate between emphasizing speed and accuracy
Emphasize speed over accuracy
During a group therapy session, a few group members complain that some of the members have not been disclosing information about themselves. Other members become defensive and say that they don't feel like they should be required to talk about themselves. A therapist relying on the approach advocated by Irvin Yalom (1985) would: Select one: A. regard the conflict as a normal stage of group development and not intervene. B. interpret the conflict as resistance. C. encourage members to discuss the meaning of the conflict for them. D. clarify the function of self-disclosure in therapy
Encourage members to discuss the meaning of the conflict for them
Which of the following best describes the difference between escape and avoidance conditioning? Select one: A. Escape conditioning is the result of positive reinforcement, while avoidance conditioning is the result of negative reinforcement. B. Escape conditioning is the result of negative reinforcement, while avoidance conditioning is the result of negative punishment. C. Escape and avoidance conditioning are both the result of negative reinforcement, but only escape conditioning combines negative reinforcement with classical conditioning. D. Escape and avoidance conditioning are both the result of negative reinforcement, but only avoidance conditioning combines negative reinforcement with classical conditioning.
Escape and avoidance conditioning are both the result of negative reinforcement, but only avoidance conditioning combines negative reinforcement with classical conditioning
A third-grade teacher puts a student in the "time-out chair" for 15 minutes when he is disruptive. After 10 minutes in time-out, the boy tells the teacher that he is sorry, that he knows what he did was wrong, and that he won't bother the other children again. The teacher lets him rejoin the other students in the classroom. Three days later, the boy again disturbs the other students and the teacher sends him to time-out for 15 minutes. This time, the boy apologizes and promises he won't misbehave again after only 8 minutes. The teacher again lets the boy rejoin his classmates. In this situation, the boy's expression of remorse is being controlled by which of the following? Select one: A. positive reinforcement B. avoidance conditioning C. escape conditioning D. higher-order conditioning
Escape conditioning
Propranolol hydrochloride (Inderal) is most likely to be prescribed for which of the following? Select one: A. hypotension B. essential tremor C. bronchial asthma D. diabetes
Essential tremor
An African American therapy client exhibiting the "split-self syndrome" as a response to racial oppression will most likely: Select one: A. exhibit a high degree of detachment from his family and neighborhood. B. avoid contacts with Whites. C. evaluate himself against White standards. D. exhibit a high degree of "functional paranoia."
Evaluate himself against white standards
In his well-known 1973 study, Rosenhan had several "pseudopatients" admit themselves to psychiatric hospitals with complaints of auditory hallucinations. Which of the following is most useful for explaining the results of Rosenhan's study? Select one: A. central tendency error B. Hawthorne effect Incorrect C. contrast effect D. halo effect
Halo effect (The halo effect does explain the response of mental health professionals in this study; i.e., the mental health professionals continued to "rate" pseudopatients on the basis of their first ratings (diagnosis), regardless of the patients' subsequent behaviors.)
In the context of Freudian psychoanalysis, the goal of confrontation is to: Select one: A. reduce the client's resistance. B. clarify a client's statements. C. help the client see a behavior in a new way. D. foster the development of transference
Help the client see a behavior in a new way
Phyllis P., a 32-year-old administrative assistant, is constantly seeking approval from others and, when she is criticized even for a minor offense, she becomes very hurt and angry. At office parties Phyllis is especially seductive with male co-workers and physically affectionate with female co-workers, and she often behaves in ways that make her the center of attention. Based on this information, the most likely diagnosis for Phyllis is: Select one: A. Histrionic Personality Disorder. B. Narcissistic Personality Disorder. C. Borderline Personality Disorder. D. Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Histrionic Personality Disorder
Expressive aphasia is to Broca's area as ____________ aphasia is to Wernicke's area. Select one: A. global B. conduction C. impressive D. transcortica
Impressive
Tulving has divided memory into three types: procedural, episodic, and semantic. According to Tulving, semantic memory: Select one: A. consists of internal representations of stimulus-response connections. B. is more affected by amnesia than procedural memory and episodic memory. C. includes rules for manipulating words and symbols. D. is coded temporally.
Includes rules for manipulating words and symbols
Your new client says that she has great difficulty letting go of things to the point that her apartment has become dangerous because of the clutter and that her husband is threatening to leave her if she doesn't clean up her mess. The woman states that she's always been a "collector" but that it "got out of control" after her son died two years ago. When determining whether to assign a diagnosis of Hoarding Disorder or Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) to the client, you should keep in mind that: Select one: A. Individuals with OCD who hoard in response to an obsession or compulsion are distressed by their hoarding behaviors, while those with Hoarding Disorder experience distress when they discard hoarded items. B. For individuals with Hoarding Disorder, hoarding behaviors are ego-dystonic; for those with OCD, the behaviors are ego-syntonic. C. Individuals with OCD who hoard in response to an obsession or compulsion are likely to acquire less bizarre items than those with Hoarding Disorder. D. In contrast to people with OCD, those with Hoarding Disorder have little or no insight into their behavior
Individiuals with OCD who hoard in response to an obsession or compulsion are distressed by their hoarding behaviors, while those with Hoarding Disorder experience distress when they discard hoarded items
An individual at Level 8 on the Rancho Scale of Cognitive Functioning Revised: Select one: A. is nonresponsive to sounds or light and appears to be in a state of deep sleep. B. is confused, agitated, and incoherent, may exhibit bizarre behavior, and is unable to care for him/herself. C. is alert and oriented and can remember and integrate remote and recent events but may have some impairments in judgment, planning, and abstract reasoning. D. is functioning at an intellectual level that is superior for his/her age, education, and demographic background.
Is alert and oriented and can remember and integrate remote and recent events but may have some impairments in judgment, planning, and abstract reasoning
One criticism of anger management training for children is that its positive effects are limited because: Select one: A. children are unable to develop control over angry feelings and behaviors. B. children tend to blame others for their anger. C. it places too much emphasis on behavior (versus cognition). D. it places too much emphasis on the individual (versus social) factors.
It places too much emphasis on the individual (vs. social) factors
When treating a patient with Delirium, a priority is to identify and then treat or remove its cause. In addition, it is important to: Select one: A. make sure that the patient is provided with adequate stimulation. B. keep the patient in a quiet room where he/she can be monitored by a family or staff member. C. administer a neuroleptic to reduce the patient's disorientation and agitation. D. make sure family members and friends visit regularly
Keep the patient in a quiet room where he/she can be monitored by a family or staff member
Which of the following is listed in the DSM as a diagnostic (versus associated) feature for Antisocial Personality Disorder? Select one: A. inflated sense of self B. lack of remorse C. lack of empathy D. superficial charm
Lack of remorse
Use of which of the following designs involves administering each level of the independent variable to participants so that it appears the same number of times in each position (first, second, etc.)? Select one: A. factorial B. time-series C. Latin square D. Solomon
Latin square
Dr. Baron is the only licensed psychologist in a small mental health clinic. The other professionals working at the clinic include the director, who is a psychiatrist, and two social workers. Dr. Baron has just accepted a job at another clinic in a neighboring town. With regard to his client files, Dr. Baron would be best advised to: Select one: A. leave the files with the director. B. take the files with him. C. ask the clients what they would like done with the files. D. destroy the files.
Leave the files with the director
If an investigator changes the level of significance for his research study from .01 to .001, he is: Select one: A. less likely to incorrectly retain a false null hypothesis. B. less likely to incorrectly reject a true null hypothesis. C. more likely to incorrectly retain a true null hypothesis. D. more likely to incorrectly reject a true null hypothesis.
Less likely to incorrectly reject a true null hypothesis (Decreasing the level of significance (alpha) from .01 to .001 makes it more difficult to reject the null hypothesis)
Systematic desensitization was originally designed by Wolpe as an application of which of the following? Select one: A. aversive counterconditioning B. reciprocal inhibition C. habituation D. operant extinction
Reciprocal inhibition (counterconditioning)
Studies investigating dissociation in children have found that: Select one: A. maltreated children and nonmaltreated children exhibit similar levels of dissociation. B. maltreated children exhibit more dissociative symptoms than nonmaltreated children do and this difference is apparent during the preschool years. C. maltreated children exhibit more dissociative symptoms than nonmaltreated children do but this difference is not apparent until the elementary school years. D. maltreated children exhibit more dissociative symptoms than nonmaltreated children do but this difference is not apparent until the middle-school years.
Maltreated children exhibit more dissociative symptoms than nonmaltreated children do and this difference is apparent during the preschool years
The area of the brain referred to as the "midbrain" contains all of the following structures except: Select one: A. inferior colliculus. B. superior colliculus. C. substantia nigra. D. mammillary bodies
Mammillary bodies (part of the hypothalamus)
According to Erikson, the purpose of play is to: Select one: A. release "unemployed energy." B. reduce tension by re-enacting prior experiences. C. socially construct knowledge within the zone of proximal development. D. master social and emotional experiences.
Master social and emotional experiences
As defined by Piaget, the ability to engage in deferred imitation depends on the development of: Select one: A. transductive reasoning. B. mental representation. C. animistic thinking. D. self-recognition
Mental representation
A researcher wants to compare the immediate and long-term effects of three different treatments for PTSD. Consequently, she randomly assigns individuals who were recently exposed to the same trauma to either the EMDR, stress inoculation, or in vivo exposure group and then assesses their symptoms one week, one month, and three months after the end of treatment. The researcher is using which of the following research designs? Select one: A. between groups B. within subjects C. counterbalanced D. mixed
Mixed
Dr. R. E. Medy compares the effectiveness of three different treatments for Generalized Anxiety Disorder by randomly assigning individuals who have received this diagnosis to one of the three treatments and then measuring their symptoms before treatment and one week, one month, and six months following treatment. The research design used by Dr. Medy is an example of which of the following? Select one: A. between groups B. within subjects C. mixed D. counterbalanced
Mixed (when a study used both between group and within subjects)
You have been working with a couple to resolve their marital conflicts. Despite months of intensive therapy, the couple has come to the conclusion that it is in everyone's best interests to end their marriage. The couple has a 12-year-old daughter and has asked you to perform a custody evaluation for the divorce proceedings. You should: Select one: A. perform the custody evaluation as long as you are no longer providing therapy to the couple. B. perform the custody evaluation only if you obtain consent from both parents to do so. C. perform the custody evaluation after clarifying your roles and responsibilities with all parties. D. not perform the custody evaluation.
No perform the custody evaluation
An amputee experiences a sensation on his missing limb whenever he is touched on his lower lip. This is referred to as: Select one: A. phantom limb. B. super-added phantom. C. referred phantom sensation. D. adventitious synesthesia.
Referred phantom sensation
Dr. Bettina B.'s new clients are a Japanese family that consists of a grandmother, mother, father, and two children. The grandmother and father speak limited English and the mother has offered to act as an interpreter. In this situation, the psychologist should: Select one: A. allow the mother to act as an interpreter. B. allow the mother to act as an interpreter only if she is highly proficient in both Japanese and English. C. allow the mother to act as an interpreter only if the grandmother and father agree to this arrangement. D. not allow the mother to act as an interpreter
Not allow the mother to act as an interpreter
An examinee's score on which of the following Rorschach variables is most useful for estimating his/her level of intelligence? Select one: A. organizational activity B. perceptual thinking C. WSum6 D. S-CON
Organizational activity (reflects the extent to which the examinee organizes the various elements of the inkblot into a unified image)
A patient taking a benzodiazepine develops several undesirable symptoms including insomnia, nightmares, hallucinations, and rage reactions. These symptoms are most suggestive of which of the following? Select one: A. overdose B. anticholinergic effects C. paradoxical agitation D. rebound anxiety
Paradoxical agitation
A. the parent's separation B. parental disharmony C. disruption in lifestyle D. diminished parental control
Parental disharmony
Which of the following is used as an index of inter-rater reliability? Select one: A. percent agreement B. coefficient alpha C. coefficient of equivalence D. Spearman-Brown formula
Percent agreement
From a "control systems" perspective, when established control mechanisms are no longer effective due to radical changes in the environment, new mechanisms must be sought or developed. These new mechanisms will help the system adapt to environmental changes by providing: Select one: A. negative feedback. B. positive feedback. C. formative evaluations. D. summative evaluations.
Positive feedback
Which of the following sections of the APA's Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct provide(s) "aspirational goals to guide psychologists toward the highest ideals of psychology"? Select one: A. Introduction and Preamble B. Preamble only C. Preamble and General Principles D. Ethical Standards
Preamble and General Principles
According to Piaget, the key feature of the _______________ stage is the development of the "semiotic function." Select one: A. concrete operational B. preoperational C. sensorimotor D. formal operational
Preoperational
Experts on cross-cultural counseling note that, when working with African American clients, it is important to recognize that their past experiences in a racist society are likely to have fostered feelings of powerlessness. Consequently, a good strategy for a therapist is to adopt a: Select one: A. non-directive, less active approach. B. problem-solving, time-limited approach. C. color-blind approach. D. neutral, educative approach.
Problem solving, time-limited approach
Which of the following techniques would be most useful for investigating a person's cognitive processes while working on a complex task? Select one: A. production interview B. protocol analysis C. behavioral systems assessment D. event coding
Protocol analysis
You receive a phone call from Hermann H., age 28, who says he is "totally miserable" because of the recent breakup with his girlfriend and that he would like to begin therapy with you. During the first session with Hermann, you find out that his political views are completely repugnant to you, and you feel that you would not enjoy working with him. As an ethical psychologist, you should: Select one: A. consult with another psychologist during the course of treatment to make sure your feelings don't interfere with your objectivity. B. discuss the difference in political views with Hermann only if they become relevant to the psychotherapy process. C. see Hermann in therapy until his current crisis is over and then make a referral if necessary. D. provide Hermann with appropriate referrals.
Provide Hermann with the appropriate referrals
Professor Sharp argues against raising the legal drinking age from 18 to 21 on the ground that doing so will only encourage 18-, 19-, and 20-year olds to drink. Apparently, Sharp is familiar with which of the following theories? Select one: A. individuation B. psychological reactance C. inoculation D. expectancy-value
Psychological reactance (when people feel their freedom is being threatened, they will do something to restore that freedom (e.g., engage in the legally-prohibited behavior).)
You are asked by one of the parties in a custody case to offer an opinion as to the best custody arrangement for the couple's child at an upcoming hearing. The party making the request believes you are the best person to offer an opinion since you have been seeing the child in therapy since her parents separated 12 months ago. You should: Select one: A. agree to the request and make sure that you base your opinion on the best interests of the child. B. agree to the request only if you are also able to evaluate both parents. C. agree to the request only if both parents sign a consent. D. refuse to do so.
Refuse to do so
Although stuttering in children is often difficult to treat, there is some evidence that ____________ is the most effective approach. Select one: A. stress inoculation B. covert sensitization C. regulated breathing D. dialectical behavior therapy
Regulated breathing
In the context of test construction, __________ refers to the extent to which test items contribute to achieving the stated goals or purpose of testing. Select one: A. relevance B. reliability C. significance D. verification
Relevance
A psychologist conducting a study to determine the effectiveness of backward conditioning with human participants will use which of the following procedures? Select one: A. Repeatedly present the CS before the US. B. Repeatedly present the US before the CS. C. Apply an intermittent schedule of reinforcement after a continuous schedule has been used to establish a response. D. Apply a continuous schedule of reinforcement after an intermittent schedule has been used to establish a response
Repeatedly present the US before the CS
Two rats are being conditioned to push a button in order to receive a food pellet. During the acquisition of this behavior, both rats were reinforced using a continuous schedule of reinforcement. After their response rates peaked and then declined, one rat began to receive two food pellets after each button push, whereas the second rat continued to received a single pellet after each response. Despite this difference in the amount of reinforcement, the response rate (i.e., the number of button pushes) for both rats remained the same. This is most likely attributable to which of the following? Select one: A. extinction B. habituation C. satiation D. inhibition
Satiation (when a reinforcer loses its reinforcing value)
A person taking an SSRI in conjunction with an MAOI may develop ____________, which is characterized by agitation, confusion, tremor, unsteady gait, diarrhea, sweating, and chills. Select one: A. a hypertensive crisis B. a cholinergic crisis C. serotonin syndrome D. sympathomimetic syndrome
Serotonin syndrome
Second generation (atypical) antipsychotic drugs such as clozapine (Clozaril) and risperidone (Risperdal) are: Select one: A. serotonin-dopamine antagonists. B. serotonin-dopamine agonists. C. serotonin agonists/dopamine antagonists. D. serotonin antagonists/dopamine agonists.
Serotonin-dopamine antagonists
A patient experiencing chronic pain tells you that her physician has prescribed an opioid analgesic. She also says she doesn't want to take the drug because her brother is an ex-drug addict and she has had problems with alcohol in the past. You should: Select one: A. continue to explore her feelings about drug addiction in subsequent therapy sessions. B. support her decision and explore alternative methods of pain relief such as biofeedback and relaxation training. C. suggest that you discuss the issue with her physician and obtain a waiver of confidentiality so that you can do so. D. reassure her that the use of an opioid for pain is unlikely to result in addiction as long as the drug is taken as prescribed.
Suggest that you discuss the issue with her physician and obtain a waiver of confidentiality so that you can do so
Research on "motor imagination" indicates that which area of the brain is most likely to be active when a person is imagining that he/she is engaging in a motor activity? Select one: A. posterior occipital lobe B. mammillary bodies C. supplementary motor area D. ascending reticular activating system
Supplementary motor area
According to Helms (1990), the ability of Whites to develop a healthy racial identity is most closely related to: Select one: A. identification with a particular White culture (e.g., Irish, Swedish, French). B. stage of ego-identity development. C. level of self-monitoring. D. the extent of racism in the society.
The extent of racism in the society
When the Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 produces a coefficient of .98, this means that: Select one: A. the items in the test are homogeneous. B. the trait being measured by the test is stable over time. C. the measuring instruments are equivalent. D. the test measures what it was designed to measure.
The items in the test are homogeneous
In their prospective study of patients who underwent sex reassignment surgery, Smith et al. (2005) found that: Select one: A. the majority of patients no longer expressed gender dysphoria following surgery. B. the majority of patients continued to express gender dysphoria following surgery. C. the majority of patients expressed an increase in gender dysphoria following surgery. D. the majority of female-to-male (but not male-to-female) patients expressed an increase in gender dysphoria following surgery.
The majority of patients no longer expressed gender dysphoria following surgery
Studies on concurrent schedules of reinforcement have found that an organism's relative frequency of responding to one alternative corresponds to the relative frequency of reinforcement for responses to that alternative. This phenomenon is referred to as: Select one: A. the law of effect. B. the matching law. C. Rescorla-Wagner theory. D. the Premack principle.
The matching law
A psychologist administers a 100-item true/false test to 50 examinees. The mean of the score distribution is 60 and its standard deviation is 8. If the psychologist decides to correct each examinee's score using a correction for guessing formula that involves subtracting points from examinees' scores, she can expect that: Select one: A. the mean and standard deviation of the new distribution will both be lower. B. the mean and standard deviation of the new distribution will both be higher. C. the mean of the new distribution will be lower and its standard deviation will be higher. D. the mean of the new distribution will be higher and its standard deviation will be lower
The mean of the new distribution will be lower and its standard deviation will be higher
For a client or former client to successfully bring a charge of malpractice against a psychologist, he/she must show that: Select one: A. the psychologist practiced in a way that could have led or did lead to harm. B. the psychologist knowingly or deliberately acted in a way that led to harm. C. the psychologist's actions were the cause of a demonstrable injury. D. the psychologist did not adequately warn the client of the possible negative consequences of the treatment.
The psychologist's actions were the cause of demonstrable injury
Delirium shares many symptoms with Schizophrenia, Schizophreniform Disorder, and certain other psychotic disorders, such as disordered thinking, hallucinations, and delusions. Thus, the differential diagnosis of these disorders is often difficult. Generally speaking, however, Delirium can be distinguished from the psychotic disorders because: Select one: A. the symptoms of Delirium tend to be random and haphazard while the symptoms of the psychotic disorders are ordinarily systematized. B. the onset of symptoms in Delirium is insidious while the onset of symptoms in psychotic disorders is usually rapid. C. clouding of consciousness is rare in Delirium but common in the psychotic disorders. D. the psychotic disorders involve hallucinations and delusions but these symptoms are never present in Delirium.
The symptoms of Delirium tend to be random and haphazard while the symptoms of the psychotic disorders are ordinarily systematized
According to Maslow's theory of motivation, when a person's prepotent need is ungratified: Select one: A. the person becomes less motivated. B. the person may "regress" to a lower-level need. C. the ungratified need continues to be a primary motivator. D. the ungratified need continues to be a primary motivator only when there is a good chance that it will eventually be satisfied.
The ungratified need continues to be a primary motivator
In working with a client who has received a diagnosis of Dissociative Identity Disorder, a cognitive therapist's initial goal would be: Select one: A. to collaborate with the client to identify specific treatment goals. B. to make a "cognitive diagnosis" for the purpose of developing a concrete treatment plan. C. to identify the cognitive antecedents and consequences that are sustaining the client's multiple personalities. D. to establish a working alliance that provides the client with a sense of safety.
To establish a working alliance that provides the client with a sense of safety
The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in: Select one: A. processing incoming visual stimuli. B. processing incoming auditory stimuli. C. transporting proteins and fats. D. storing neurotransmitters.
Transporting proteins and fats
If you are most concerned about the reliability of an achievement test you will be administering to high school freshmen, which of the following types of tests would you be least likely to use? Select one: A. fill-in-the-blank B. four-alternative multiple-choice C. true-false D. essay
True false
The DSM-5 includes the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS) as a means for assessing disability in adults ages 18 years and older. The WHODAS uses a 5-point Likert scale to assess functioning in which the following domains? Select one: A. self-care, life activities, cognitive skills, mood and affect, physical health, and interpersonal relationships B. understanding and communicating, getting around, self-care, getting along with people, life activities, and participation in society C. affect, personality functioning, substance use, cognition, personal relationships, and reality testing D. communication skills, activities of daily living, interpersonal skills, motor skills, cognition, and affect
Understanding and communicating, getting around, self-care, getting along with people, life activities, and participation in society
Akathisia is characterized by: Select one: A. spasms and contortions. B. motor and psychic hypoactivity. C. unpleasant feelings of physical restlessness. D. rigidity and coarse tremors
Unpleasant feelings of physical restlessness