comptia fundamentals

What does an operating system primarily serve as in a computer system? 1. A bridge between applications and hardware 2. An antivirus system 3. A database management tool 4. A word processing software

1. A bridge between applications and hardware

Which wireless network technology is commonly used for short-range communication between devices? 1. Bluetooth 2. LTE 3. Wi-Fi 4. Ethernet

1. Bluetooth

Dion Training wants to improve its product based on user feedback and experiences. Which of the following strategies will BEST enable it to make data-driven business decisions? 1. Collect, analyze, and interpret user data to inform decision making 2. Base decision-making purely on historical data 3. Collect data but never analyze it 4. Ignore the data and make decisions based on intuition

1. Collect, analyze, and interpret user data to inform decision making

What is the critical function of an embedded operating system? 1. Control hardware in real-time 2. Providing network connectivity 3. Managing user interfaces 4. Data encrypting

1. Control hardware in real-time.

Which command in SQL is primarily used to eliminate existing databases, tables, or indexes? 1. DROP 2. CREATE 3. PERMISSIONS 4. ALTER

1. DROP

Lisa is continually pestered by unwanted ads while browsing. How could she reduce this annoyance? 1. Enabling a popup blocker 2. Deactivating client-side scripting 3. Clearing the browser cache 4. Adding an invalid certificate

1. Enabling a popup blocker

Which of the following is NOT primarily used as a storage device in a computer system? 1. Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) 2. USB Flash Drive 3. Hard Disk Drive (HDD) 4. Solid State Drive (SSD)

1. Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)

Which of the following methods of authentication involves something that the user has? 1. Hardware Token 2. Biometrics 3. Security Questions 4. PIN

1. Hardware Token

Which of the following statements accurately explains the difference between an Integer and a Float? 1. Integer is a data type that stores whole numbers, whereas Float can store both whole numbers and decimal numbers. 2. There is no difference between Integer and Float, they both store whole and decimal numbers. 3. Integer and Float data types can hold decimal numbers, but Float stores them as rounded figures 4. Float data type can store whole numbers, whereas Integer can store decimal number.

1. Integer is a data type that stores whole numbers, whereas Float can store both whole numbers and decimal numbers.

Why might a programmer choose an interpreted language over a compiled language? 1. Interpreted languages allow for easier cross-platform programming 2. Interpreted languages produce faster executables as they are directly translated into machine code 3. Interpreted languages are more secure because the source code is not distributed. 4. Interpreted languages can achieve lower-level system access than compiled languages can

1. Interpreted languages allow for easier cross-platform programming

As a user of online communication platforms, what is one major privacy concern? 1. Knowing what information is made public and how service providers use provided data 2. Understanding the type of computer used to access these platforms 3. Monitoring the amount of time spent on these platforms 4. Being sure to use a high-speed internet connection

1. Knowing what information is made public and how service providers use provided data

How does incorporating a loop MOST affect the sequence of a program's operations? 1. Looping can cause certain steps in the sequence to be repeated based on specific conditions 2. A loop eliminates the need for sequencing in a program 3. Looping makes the sequence less readable and more complex 4. A loop has no impact on the sequence of a program

1. Looping can cause certain steps in the sequence to be repeated based on specific conditions

Joshua is developing a chess game. He wants to effectively model the chessboard, an 8x8 grid, where each cell can either hold a piece or be empty. Which data structure would be MOST appropriate for him to use? 1. Multidimensional array 2. Single-dimensional array 3. Queue 4. Stack

1. Multidimensional array

Which of the following are considered reputable software sources 1. Official vendor websites and app stores 2. Freeware websites with no user ratings or reviews 3. Third-party websites offering cracked software 4. Peer-to-peer file-sharing networks

1. Official vendor websites and app stores

Which feature of a normal antivirus software is responsible for automatically scanning files and programs in real-time as they are accessed or downloaded? 1. On-access scanning 2. Scheduled scans 3. Quarantining and remediating infected systems 4. Heuristic analysis

1. On-access scanning

Which of the following is a well-known cloud storage service that integrates with Microsoft's suite of online services? 1. OneDrive 2. Google Drive 3. WD Red NAS 4. Seagate IronWolf

1. OneDrive

Sarah is a graphic designer who works with large design files and requires fast data access and storage for her work. She wants to upgrade her computer system with a component that offers faster data transfer rates and improved performance for handling large files. Which type of storage device is MOST suitable for Sarah's needs? 1. SSD (Solid State Drive) 2. Hard drive 3. GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) 4. Cooling system

1. SSD (Solid State Drive)

Which of the following BEST describes semi-structured data? 1. Semi-structured data has some organized elements but doesn't strictly adhere to a tabular format 2. Structured data is always in a tabular format 3. Unstructured data includes clear relationships and hierarchy among data elements 4. Semi-structured data is always in a non-tabular format

1. Semi-structured data has some organized elements but doesn't strictly adhere to a tabular format

What is the purpose of generating a report from a database? 1. To format and summarize the records returned by a query, making the information easier to interpret 2. To manage user access to the database 3. To create a backup of the database 4. To increase the speed of the database

1. To format and summarize the records returned by a query, making the information easier to interpret.

What is the primary purpose of creating written IT policies and procedures in an organization? 1. To guide employees in using IT resources securely 2. To reduce IT costs 3. To monitor employee performance 4. To regulate internet usage

1. To guide employees in using IT resources securely

Which type of interface would you typically use to connect an external hard drive to a computer? 1. USB 2. RJ-11 3. NFC 4. VGA

1. USB

Liam, a software engineer at a tech company, is designing a program that will perform calculations related to the speed of sound. The speed of sound in air under standard conditions is 343 meters per second. Which programming recommendation would work BEST for representing the speed of sound in his program? 1. Use a constant to represent the speed of sound 2. Use a function to represent the speed of sound 3. Use an input parameter to represent the speed of sound 4. Use a mutable variable to represent the speed of sound

1. Use a constant to represent the speed of sound

Which of the following software types allows you to express ideas and concepts graphically? 1. Visual diagramming software 2. Email client 3. Instant messaging software 4. Business-specific applications

1. Visual diagramming software

Which of the following protocols is the most secure? 1. WPA2 2. WEP 3. Open 4. WPA

1. WPA2

According to the 802.11x wireless standards, which one offers the BEST speed? 1. 802.11a 2. 802.11ac 3. 802.11g 4. 802.11b

2. 802.11ac

Which of the following wireless communication protocols is the oldest? 1. 802.11g 2. 802.11b 3. 802.11n 4. 802.11ac

2. 802.11b

In the context of programming, what is a vector? 1. A vector is a user-defined function to perform a specific task 2. A vector is a dynamic array-like entity that can change its size automatically when elements are inserted or removed 3. A vector is a built-in data type for storing fixed-size collections of elements of the same data type 4. A vector is a sequence container that can contain different types of elements

2. A vector is a dynamic array-like entity that can change its size automatically when elements are inserted or removed

In SQL, which statements are used to grant or deny specific rights to user accounts over objects in the database? 1. Data Manipulation Language (DML) 2. Data Control Language (DCL) 3. Data Definition Language (DDL) 4. Data Query Language (DQL)

2. Data Control Language (DCL)

Which of the following fundamental data types is specifically used to represent real numbers, including those with decimal or fractional parts, in a programming context? 1. Char 2. Float 3. Boolean 4. Integer

2. Float

Which of the following licensing type permits software installation on multiple machines, typically within a company or institution, providing increased access and usage? 1. Open-source license 2. Group use/site license 3. Concurrent license 4. Single-use

2. Group use/site license

What does an operating system do as part of application management? 1. Directly writes code for applications 2. Manages resources for applications 3. Creates logos for each application 4. Upgrades the application functionalities

2. Manages resources for applications

Which of the following hardware devices allows users to communicate commands directly to the computer? 1. GPU 2. Mouse 3. Printer 4. Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

2. Mouse

Mary, a sales executive at Dion Training, wants to create a sales pitch for a potential client. She decides to use Microsoft Powerpoint. This is an example of: 1. Visual diagramming software 2. Presentation software 3. Instant messaging software 4. Database software

2. Presentation software

Which of the following storage types is volatile, meaning that it loses its data once it loses power? 1. Flash drive 2. RAM 3. Hard drive 4. Solid state drive

2. RAM

Amy is a marketing manager at a tech company that has just launched a new product. They want to understand how well their marketing campaign is working, and who their most engaged customers are. Which of the following options is the BEST way to gather this data? 1. Guess based on her past experience in marketing. 2. Set up analytics on their websites and email campaigns and use CRM software to collate customer data. 3. Create a customer survey and send it out once at the beginning of the campaign. 4. Ask the sales team about their perceptions of customer interest

2. Set up analytics on their websites and email campaigns and use CRM software to collate customer data.

When working with databases, which definition BEST describes a table? 1. A system to ensure the security of the database 2. The structure consisting of rows and columns that holds data 3. The software used to manage the database 4. The rows that store the actual data values

2. The structure consisting of rows and columns that holds data

Which of the following interfaces is used primarily for connecting Mac computers and devices, and offers the MOST data transfer speed? 1. RJ-11 2. Thunderbolt 3. VGA 4. FireWire

2. Thunderbolt

Which of the following devices is BEST designed for heavyweight computational tasks and often used by professionals in fields such as video editing, architecture, and software development? 1. Gaming consoles 2. Workstation 3. Tablets 4. Mobile phones

2. Workstation

Which of the following contrasts most accurately differentiates a locally installed application from a cloud hosted application? 1. Both types of applications require internet access 2. A locally installed application stores files in the cloud, while a cloud hosted application does 3. A locally installed application does not require a network for functioning, while cloud hosted applications do. 4. A locally installed application requires a service, while a cloud hosted application doesn't

3. A locally installed application does not require a network for functioning, while cloud hosted applications do.

Martha, a financial manager at Dion Training, wants to monitor transactions, control budgets, and generate financial reports. What type of software will help her the most? 1. Business-specific applications 2. Email client 3. Accounting software 4. Web browser

3. Accounting software

Which of the following user account types has the highest level of privileges and allows the user to perform administrative tasks? 1. Guest user 2. Standard user 3. Administrator 4. Power user

3. Administrator

Which category does the concept of Discretionary Access Controls belong to? 1. Non-repudiation 2. Authentication 3. Authorization 4. Accounting

3. Authorization

In which notational system does the number 101101 represent a valid integer value? 1. Unicode 2. Hexadecimal 3. Binary 4. Decimal

3. Binary

Isabella is a software engineer who has developed a theory about the root cause of a bug in her application. However, after testing, her theory is not confirmed. Which of the following strategies would be the MOST effective for Isabella in this situation? 1. Waiting for a colleague to solve the problem 2. Trying random solutions until the problem is resolved 3. Establishing a new theory based on the test results or escalating the issue to a more experienced colleague 4. Ignoring the results and continuing with the initial theory

3. Establishing a new theory based on the test results or escalating the issue to a more experienced colleague

Which filesystem only allows uppercase filenames? 1. HFS 2. NTFS 3. FAT32 4. Ext4

3. FAT32

What is the primary benefit of implementing a password reset process? 1. It ensures passwords are changed regularly 2. It prevents unauthorized access to user accounts 3. It allows users to recover forgotten passwords 4. It enforces password complexity requirements

3. It allows users to recover forgotten passwords

How does branching MOST impact the sequencing of a program? 1. It eliminates the need for sequencing in a program 2. There is no impact of branching on the sequence 3. It alters the sequence based on specified conditions 4. It makes the sequence more complicated and unreadable

3. It alters the sequence based on specified conditions

Which of the following is NOT a true statement about the advantages of using fiber optic cables for network connectivity? 1. Greater resistance to electromagnetic interference 2. Higher data transfer speeds 3. More affordable installation costs 4. Longer transmission distances

3. More affordable installation costs

Which factor is important in both subscription and one-time purchase software licenses? 1. Source code accessibility 2. Ongoing costs 3. Need for product keys and serial numbers 4. Continuous update

3. Need for product keys and serial numbers

In normal computer operation, a monitor primarily serves which of the following functions? 1. Input 2. Processing 3. Output 4. Storage

3. Output

Which of the following tools assists in managing multiple unique passwords, thus aiding in avoiding password reuse across sites? 1. Password complexity 2. Password expiration 3. Password managers 4. Password history

3. Password managers

As part of organizing and structuring programming logic, one might use pseudocode or a flowchart. What is a key difference between these two methods? 1. Pseudocode and flowcharts follow a strict set of syntax rules 2. Pseudocode is a language-specific tool, while flowcharts are language-agnostic 3. Pseudocode is text-based, while flowcharts provide a graphical representation 4. Only pseudocode can effectively illustrate decision-making processes

3. Pseudocode is text-based, while flowcharts provide a graphical representation

Tom, an IT support staff, is addressing a sudden issue with a previously functioning printer in the office. What's the importance of Tom asking users if anything has changed recently with the printer or related systems? 1. It makes users feel more involved and less likely to complain 2. It allows Tom to avoid having to look at the printer himself 3. Recent changes can often cause new issues, so recognizing them helps diagnose the problem quicker 4. It can lead Tom to immediate solutions without needing further investigation

3. Recent changes can often cause new issues, so recognizing them helps diagnose the problem quicker

Which of the following are considered safe browsing practices to protect against online threats? (Select TWO). 1. Clicking on pop- up advertisements to claim prizes. 2. Sharing personal information on unsecured websites. 3. Regularly updating web browsers and using strong, unique passwords. 4. Avoiding clicking on suspicious or unfamiliar links. 5.Disabling all security software for faster browsing. 6. Downloading files from untrusted websites without scanning them.

3. Regularly updating web browsers and using strong, unique passwords. 4. Avoiding clicking on suspicious or unfamiliar links.

What can be said about cloud storage services and local network storage types that make them similar? 1. Local accessibility 2. Flash drives 3. Remote accessibility 4. Optical storage

3. Remote accessibility

What is the key difference between an application that is 'locally installed' and one that is 'local network hosted'? 1. Need for internet access 2. Use of cloud service 3. Requirement of a network 4. Local availability of files

3. Requirement of a network

Mark, a freelance photographer, often works with large files and needs a reliable storage solution to back up and store his photographs. His friend John recommends him to use an external hard drive. What is the primary function of an external hard drive? 1. Scanning images 2. Printing documents 3. Storing data externally 4. Displaying multimedia content

3. Storing data externally

Which software type would typically be used to access and surf the internet? 1. Visual diagramming software 2. Word processing software 3. Web browser 4. Instant messaging software

3. Web browser

Which of the following statements is NOT true about these data types? 1. A char can hold and single characters which can include letter, digits, and other types of characters. 2. A string can consist of series of characters which can include letters, digits, and other types of characters. 3. Boolean represents two possible states: True or False 4. A number is a textual data type that can represent both plain and alphanumeric characters

4. A number is a textual data type that can represent both plain and alphanumeric characters

Which of the following is the MOST effective method for validating the legitimacy of an online source? 1. Verifying the source's social media popularity 2. Looking for grammatical errors in the sources content 3. Checking the websites design and aesthetics 4. Assessing the sources reputation and credibility

4. Assessing the sources reputation and credibility

What type of encryption is predominantly used to secure data in transit, such as emails or data sent over HTTPS? 1. Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) 2. Symmetric Encryption 3. Cryptographic Hashing 4. Asymmetric Encryption

4. Asymmetric Encryption

Imagine you are setting up a wireless network for your home. You want to ensure that it is more challenging for potential attackers to detect your network. Which of the following BEST practices should you implement to achieve this? 1. Keeping the default router password 2. Allowing open access 3. Implementing a captive portal 4. Changing SSID

4. Changing SSID

Which SQL command is MOST suitable for removing existing data from an SQL database? 1. SELECT 2. UPDATE 3. INSERT 4. DELETE

4. DELETE

Which type of network connection uses telephone lines to transmit data? 1. Fiber optic 2. Wireless (radio frequency) 3. Cable 4. DSL

4. DSL

What is the final step in the troubleshooting methodology? 1. Establish a plan of action 2. Test the theory to determine the cause 3. Implement the solution 4. Document findings/lessons learned, actions, and outcomes

4. Document findings/lessons learned, actions, and outcomes

Sam is trying to connect his new gaming headset to his PC. The headset isn't working properly. Which of the following steps is MOST likely to solve the problem? 1. Configure the security settings via web-based configuration 2. Configure the correct IP address 3. Adjust the graphics devices 4. Install the correct driver

4. Install the correct driver

What is sequencing in programming logic? 1. It refers to the looping mechanism where a set of instructions are repeated 2. It refers to the process of organizing programs in alphabetical order 3. It refers to the random order in which the instructions are executed in a program 4. It refers to the specific order in which instructions or steps are executed in a program

4. It refers to the specific order in which instructions or steps are executed in a program

Jacob is setting up a network for his company. He is comparing various internet service providers and their offers. In the context of network throughput, which unit should he consider for evaluating their data transfer rates? 1. Watts 2. Ampere 3. Graphics double data rate (GDDR) 4. Megabits per second (Mbps)

4. Megabits per second (Mbps)

What type of data encryption is applied to protect data stored on a mobile device? 1. File level encryption. 2. Network level encryption. 3. Disk level encryption 4. Mobile device encryption

4. Mobile device encryption

Which factor is NOT considered when determining password strength? 1. Password complexity 2. Password length 3. Password history 4. Password expiration

4. Password expiration

Sarah recently moved to a new apartment in a rural area and wants to set up an internet connection. However, she doesn't have access to cable or DSL services in her area. She is looking for an alternative wireless option to connect to the internet. Which wireless network technology would be BEST for Sarah in this situation? 1. Bluetooth 2. Zigbee 3. NFC 4. Satellite

4. Satellite

James is an experienced backend developer working on creating some new features for the Dion Training Website. He realizes that he's using a value repeatedly in his code and decides to store it as a constant. Which among the following is most suitable to be used as a constant? 1. User's input for product quantity in cart 2. Current data and time 3. Generated Order ID for a purchase 4. The sales tax rate

4. The sales tax rate

Why is scalability important in a Database Management System (DBMS)? 1. To reduce the cost of maintaining the database 2. To limit the size of the database 3. To prevent users from querying the database 4. To ensure the database can handle a growing amount of work effectively

4. To ensure the database can handle a growing amount of work effectively

What BEST describes the purpose of a record in a database? 1. To remove data from a database 2. To view the structure of a table 3. To alter data in a table 4. To store related data in various fields

4. To store related data in various fields

Emily, a security-conscious user, wants to implement preventive measures to protect her computer from advanced malware attacks. Which of the following practices should Emily adopt to enhance her defense against sophisticated malware? (Select TWO). 1. Disabling al browser extensions 2. Disabling the User Account Control 3. Downloading software from unverified sources 4. Using a reputable antivirus/anti-malware software 5. Enabling automatic software updates

4. Using a reputable antivirus/anti-malware software 5. Enabling automatic software updates

What is the final step in the CompTIA A+ troubleshooting methodology?

Document findings, actions, and outcomes

What is the fourth step in the CompTIA A+ troubleshooting methodology?

Establish a plan of action to resolve the problem and implement a solution

What is the second step in the CompTIA A+ troubleshooting methodology?

Establish a theory of probable cause (question the obvious)

What is the first step in the CompTIA A+ troubleshooting methodology?

Identify the problem

John, a project manager at Dion Training, wants to terminate a resource-hungry application. Which of the following would BEST help achieve this? 1. Disk management 2. Process management/scheduling 3. Memory management 4. Access control/protection

Process management/scheduling

What is the third step in the CompTIA A+ troubleshooting methodology?

Test the theory to determine cause

What is the fifth step in the CompTIA A+ troubleshooting methodology?

Verify full system functionality and, if applicable, implement preventive measures