Computer Concepts chapter 4

warm boot

A ____ boot occurs when the computer is already on and you restart it without turning off the power.

network server

Called the _____, this computer coordinates all communication between the other computers. Popular network operating systems Linux, Windows Server, and UNIX.

managing resources, providing user interface, and running applications

Every computer has an operating system, and every operating system performs a variety of functions. These functions can be classified into three groups:___

Google chrome

Focused on internet connectivity and cloud computing. Speed is determined by the speed of the internet

OS X Mavericks and OS X Yosemite

Mac OS X is the most widely used Mac desktop operating system. Its two most recent versions are ___ and ____

windows

Microsoft's _____ is the most widely used personal computer operating system.

embedded

Mobile operating systems, also known as mobile OS, are a type of _____operating system. these are less complicated and more specialized for wireless. Some best known are android, iOS, and windows phone

troubleshooting or diagnostic programs

One essential utility. It recognizes and corrects problems on a computer

parallels

One such program, _____, allows a user on a Mac to run Windows programs in OS X

UNIX

Operating system used bu servers on the web, mainframe computers, and personal computers

user interface

Operating systems allow users to interact with application programs and computer hardware through a user interface through what function?

managing resources

Operating systems coordinate all the computer's resources including memory, processing, storage, and devices such as printers and monitors. They also monitor system performance, schedule tasks, provide security, and start up the computer. What function of the operating system does this?

running applications

Operating systems load and run applications such as word processors and spreadsheets. What function of the operating system is in charge of this?

folder

Related files are stored within a _____, and, for organizational purposes, a _____can contain other ______, or subfolders.

Operating system, utilities, device drivers, and laguage translators

System software includes these 4 programs:

Windows, Mac OS, UNIX, and Linux.

The most widely used desktop operating systems are _____

guest

The operating system for each virtual machine is known as the ____operating system.

software platform or software environment

The operating system is often referred to as the _____ or _____

host operating system

The operating system of the physical machine is known as the ____ operating system.

foreground

The program that you are currently working on is described as running in the _____, The other program or programs are running in the background.

graphical user interface (GUI)

Today, most operating systems use a _____. a ____ uses graphical elements such as icons and windows

virtualization software

When a single physical computer runs a special program known as _____, it operates as though it were two or more separate and independent computers, known as virtual machines.

disk cleanup

When you surf the web, a variety of programs and files are saved on your hard disk. Many of these and other files are not essential. ______ is a troubleshooting utility that identifies and eliminates nonessential files. This frees up valuable space and improves system performance

embedded, stand-alone, and network.

While there are hundreds of different operating systems, there are only three basic categories: _______

windows 8

Windows ---integrates the desktop OS with its mobile OS and offers a start screen consisting of tiles. Each tile displays active content linked to an application.

windows 10

Windows ____ was announced in 2015. It merges Windows' desktop and mobile operating systems.

System software

Works with end users, application software, and computer hardware. Handles the technical details

utilities

____ are specialized programs that make computing easier

language translators

____ convert the programming instructions written by programmers into a language that computers understand and process.

Linux

____ is an operating system that extended one of the UNIX versions. It is an alternative to windows and is open source (Free). Googles chrome OS is based on ____

operating system

____ systems coordinate computer resources, provide an interface between users and the computer, and run applications.

android

____ was introduced in 2007. It was originally developed by Android Inc. and later purchased by Google

cortana

____, a digital assistant that can accept commands through text or speech, and Windows apps, such as Office, that can run on desktops, tablets, and smartphones.

iOS

____, formerly known as iPhone OS, was originally developed in 2007 by Apple. It is based on Mac OS and is used as the platform for Apple's iPad and iPhone

device drivers

_____ are specialized programs that allow particular input or output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system.

file history

_____ is a utility program included with Windows 10 that makes a copy of all files that are in the libraries, contacts, and favorites and on the desktop. It helps protect you from the effects of a disk failure.

optimize drives or disk defragmenter

_____ is a utility program that locates and eliminates unnecessary fragments and rearranges files and unused disk space to optimize operations.

OS X Mavericks

_____, which was announced in 2013 and introduced several improvements, including better power management for longer laptop battery life, enhanced workflow options for multiple monitor setups, and better integration with cloud computing. One version of the apple operating system

OS X Yosemite

_____, which was released in 2014. It provided a new user interface similar to the iOS interface

Network operating systems (NOS)

______ operating systems are used to control and coordinate computers that are networked or linked together.

stand- alone

______operating systems, also called desktop operating systems, control a single desktop or laptop computer

embedded operating systems

_____operating systems, also known as real-time operating systems and RTOS, are entirely stored within (i.e., embedded in) a device. They control smartwatches, smartphones, video game systems, and thousands of other small electronic devices.

windows phone 8

_____was introduced in 2012 by Microsoft to support a variety of mobile devices, including smartphones. In 2015 Microsoft introduced a new mobile operating system, sometimes referred to as Windows 10 Mobile as a replacement for Windows Phone. It has the ability to run many powerful programs designed for desktop and laptop computers.

files

____are used to store data and programs.

utilities

____perform specific tasks related to managing computer resources.

operating systems

a collection of programs that handle technical tasks

gesture control

ability to control operations with finger movements, such as swiping, sliding, and pinching.

backup programs

an essential utility that copies files to be used in case of damage

antivirus

an essential utility that guards your computer against viruses

file compression programs

an essential utility that reduces the size of files for more efficient storage

Mac OS

apples operating system

pointer

controlled by a mouse, trackpad, or touch screen, the pointer changes shape depending on its current function. For example, when shaped like an arrow, the pointer can be used to select items such as an icon.

tabs

divide menus into major activity areas such as format and page layout.

icons

graphic representations for a program, type of file, or function.

menus

provide a list of options or commands that can be selected.

help

provides online assistance for operating system functions and procedures.

windows

rectangular areas for displaying information and running programs.

booting

starting or restarting the computer is called ____

cold boot

tarting a computer that has been turned off is called a ____ boot.

virtualization

the ability to support multiple operating systems on a single physical machine

utility suites

these combine several programs into one package. They are less expensive. some of the best known are bit defender, norton utilities, and kaspersky

dialog boxes

typically provide information or request input.