Computer Hardware
petabyte
1,000 terabytes
Put the steps of the boot process in the correct order, placing the first step at the top.
1. The device is powered on and the CPU activates BIOS 2. The Power-On Self-Test is executed 3. The OS is loaded into RAM 4. The OS checks the registry settings and loads saved configurations settings.
What is the minimum amount of RAM you should have on a laptop?
8 GB
Which of the following is not part of the boot process?
Any installed anti-virus software checks the system for errors
Which two of the following are used for measuring typical hard drive capacities for personal computers?
Gigabytes; terabytes
Today, the standard port for video and audio input on TV is the ________ port.
HDMI
___ is the standard for video and audio input into televisions today.
HDMI
What is equal to one cycle per second?
Hertz
Which three of the following are commonly associated with laptop computers?
Integrated keyboard, monitor, and touchpad; Full operating system; Mobile
High-Definition _____ Interface is a standard interface for audio-video connectivity which allows for the transmission of high-definition audio and video signals.
Multimedia
A type of interface that enables communication between digital devices, allows data transfer, and for devices to be electrically charged is called Universal ____ Bus
Serial
1. Most powerful type of computer 2. Many of these are owned by research universities and government agencies such as the NSA 3. NASA uses them to determine gravitational fluctuations that might indicate additional planets in the solar system
Supercomputer
network server
Used to control access to resources such as printers and applications on a network.
Devices that integrate the computer case (chassis) and system components into the monitor, but have an external keyboard and mouse are called ___ computers
all-in-one
Smartphones owe much of their popularity and computing flexibility to ___ .
apps
The loading of an operating system into the main memory of a device is called the ______ process.
boot
One character of information, for example, a letter or a number consists of one ___.
byte
Memory and ______ hold data used by processors.
cache
Which of the following could have a traditional (magnetic) hard drive?
dell desktop computer
It is important to be able to identify the different types of computers. For example, what do you call a computer that has a separate chassis (or tower) that connects to separate peripherals such as the monitor, keyboard, and mouse?
desktop
A computer that is integrated (is a part of) with a larger device, such as a programmable thermostat, is called a(n) __ computer. It has a real-time operating system (RTOS).
embedded
The amount of space a device takes up on a desk or table is referred to as its _____.
footprint
Which of the following terms refers to the physical parts of a computer system?
hardware
A mobile hinged computer with an integrated keyboard that uses a full operating system is called a notebook or a ____ computer.
laptop
An organization that needs to process thousands of simultaneous transactions probably has a ___ computer
mainframe
While not designed to solve complex technical formulas, a computer that is more powerful than a server computer, and used by organizations to process large numbers of transactions simultaneously is called a
mainframe
Megahertz means one _____ cycles (or instructions) per second.
million
In an all-in-one computer, such as the one pictured in the image, the motherboard is housed behind the
monitor
The information in the memory (the RAM, the caches, the registers) is ________ when a computer is shut down.
not saved
terabyte
one trillion bytes of data
Rank the storage capacities from highest to lowest. Place the highest capacity (largest) at the top.
petabyte; terabyte; gigabyte; megabyte; kilobyte
A set of rules for communication between devices that determine how data are transmitted and received is called a
protocol
A cell phone that allows you to surf the web is called a(n) ___. This is actually a powerful computer capable of accepting input, processing data into information, providing data, and storing data.
smartphone
A hardware component that keeps data and information when the device is not powered is called a ____ device.
storage
Devices allowing the retention of data, when your computer has been shut down, for future use are called __.
storage
Lightning connectors and ports are used by which company?
Apple
The correct abbreviation for megahertz is:
MHz
Which two of the following statements are correct regarding the CPU?
The CPU is located on the motherboard of the computer.; The CPU is integrated into a chip called a microprocessor.
Digital music devices are connected to computers using ________ ports.
USB
This type of connector is the most common type of connection to a Windows computer for peripherals (printers, monitors, storage devices etc.).
USB
Which 3 of the following are storage devices?
USB, external hard drive, optical drive
Select 3 characteristics of a tablet computer.
Usually has a mobile operating system; Is highly mobile; Has as a touchscreen
The three factors that impact a processor's speed are clock speed, word size, and ___ .
bus width
The computer that can be found inside a programmable coffee pot is referred to as a(n) ___ computer. It has a real-time operating system.
embedded
Sold in categories such as CAT5e (enhanced) or CAT6, or CAT7 cable is commonly used for connecting devices in a network. These are commonly called _____ cables
ethernet
The machine cycle consists of which four steps?
fetch, decode, execute, and store
The actual pixel number in a monitor is called the ________ resolution.
native
gigabyte
one billion bytes of data
megabyte
one million bytes of data
kilobyte
one thousand bytes of data
IP, FTP, HTTP, and HTTPS are all acronyms that describe different
protocols
Since they are low-priced and reliable, ________ storage devices are extremely popular.
thumbdrives
Today, many computers use ________, a coding scheme that uses at least 16 bits to represent a character.
unicode
file server
used for data storage
web server
used to control access to resources on the web
Which computer component found on the motherboard (magnified in the image) is often called the brains of the computer?
CPU
Which chip and manufacturing company is the largest in the world?
Intel
1. More powerful than a server, less powerful than a supercomputer 2. Not designed to calculate huge formulas, but able to manage thousands of transactions simultaneously. 3. Often operated by businesses such as large banks or credit card companies.
Mainframe
Which three of the following are common types of servers?
Network; file; web
Which three of the following are external storage devices?
Optical (DVD) drive External hard drive Universal serial bus (USB) drive
The person in the image is installing ____ into a computer.
RAM
System BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is stored in ________.
ROM
The three factors that impact processor speed are clock speed, word size, and _____ .
bus width
The two main factors that affect the speed of the processor are clock speed and ________.
bus width
Data flows between different computer parts via ________.
buses
Data flows between different parts of the computer via _____.
buses
Eight bits combined together equal one
byte
Hard drive _________ is the amount of storage you have available to save data and information.
capacity
Clock speed, also known as ________, is the speed at which the processor performs the operations required to run a digital device and the digital device's instructions.
clock-rate
A digital device that accepts input, processes and stores the input, and provides output is a ____.
computer
Typical tablet computer or smartphone SSD capabilities are measured in ________.
gigabytes
The physical parts of a computer such as the system unit (like the tower unit shown) or a monitor are referred to as computer
hardware
A laptop typically has ________ RAM than a smartphone.
more
A computer system in a network that is shared by multiple users is called a
server
The most powerful computers, _________ , can evaluate complex data very quickly. Many of these computers in the United States are owned by the government or major research institutions and can cost $1 million dollars or more.
supercomputers
Programs and data currently being used by the processor are placed in the ___.
RAM
The speed of most modern processors is measured in _____.
gigahertz
Which of the following is fastest? Hertz Gigahertz Kilohertz Megahertz
gigahertz
The output of visual images created by a computer is known as ____.
graphics