Computer Hardware

petabyte

1,000 terabytes

Put the steps of the boot process in the correct order, placing the first step at the top.

1. The device is powered on and the CPU activates BIOS 2. The Power-On Self-Test is executed 3. The OS is loaded into RAM 4. The OS checks the registry settings and loads saved configurations settings.

What is the minimum amount of RAM you should have on a laptop?

8 GB

Which of the following is not part of the boot process?

Any installed anti-virus software checks the system for errors

Which two of the following are used for measuring typical hard drive capacities for personal computers?

Gigabytes; terabytes

Today, the standard port for video and audio input on TV is the ________ port.

HDMI

___ is the standard for video and audio input into televisions today.

HDMI

What is equal to one cycle per second?

Hertz

Which three of the following are commonly associated with laptop computers?

Integrated keyboard, monitor, and touchpad; Full operating system; Mobile

High-Definition _____ Interface is a standard interface for audio-video connectivity which allows for the transmission of high-definition audio and video signals.

Multimedia

A type of interface that enables communication between digital devices, allows data transfer, and for devices to be electrically charged is called Universal ____ Bus

Serial

1. Most powerful type of computer 2. Many of these are owned by research universities and government agencies such as the NSA 3. NASA uses them to determine gravitational fluctuations that might indicate additional planets in the solar system

Supercomputer

network server

Used to control access to resources such as printers and applications on a network.

Devices that integrate the computer case (chassis) and system components into the monitor, but have an external keyboard and mouse are called ___ computers

all-in-one

Smartphones owe much of their popularity and computing flexibility to ___ .

apps

The loading of an operating system into the main memory of a device is called the ______ process.

boot

One character of information, for example, a letter or a number consists of one ___.

byte

Memory and ______ hold data used by processors.

cache

Which of the following could have a traditional (magnetic) hard drive?

dell desktop computer

It is important to be able to identify the different types of computers. For example, what do you call a computer that has a separate chassis (or tower) that connects to separate peripherals such as the monitor, keyboard, and mouse?

desktop

A computer that is integrated (is a part of) with a larger device, such as a programmable thermostat, is called a(n) __ computer. It has a real-time operating system (RTOS).

embedded

The amount of space a device takes up on a desk or table is referred to as its _____.

footprint

Which of the following terms refers to the physical parts of a computer system?

hardware

A mobile hinged computer with an integrated keyboard that uses a full operating system is called a notebook or a ____ computer.

laptop

An organization that needs to process thousands of simultaneous transactions probably has a ___ computer

mainframe

While not designed to solve complex technical formulas, a computer that is more powerful than a server computer, and used by organizations to process large numbers of transactions simultaneously is called a

mainframe

Megahertz means one _____ cycles (or instructions) per second.

million

In an all-in-one computer, such as the one pictured in the image, the motherboard is housed behind the

monitor

The information in the memory (the RAM, the caches, the registers) is ________ when a computer is shut down.

not saved

terabyte

one trillion bytes of data

Rank the storage capacities from highest to lowest. Place the highest capacity (largest) at the top.

petabyte; terabyte; gigabyte; megabyte; kilobyte

A set of rules for communication between devices that determine how data are transmitted and received is called a

protocol

A cell phone that allows you to surf the web is called a(n) ___. This is actually a powerful computer capable of accepting input, processing data into information, providing data, and storing data.

smartphone

A hardware component that keeps data and information when the device is not powered is called a ____ device.

storage

Devices allowing the retention of data, when your computer has been shut down, for future use are called __.

storage

Lightning connectors and ports are used by which company?

Apple

The correct abbreviation for megahertz is:

MHz

Which two of the following statements are correct regarding the CPU?

The CPU is located on the motherboard of the computer.; The CPU is integrated into a chip called a microprocessor.

Digital music devices are connected to computers using ________ ports.

USB

This type of connector is the most common type of connection to a Windows computer for peripherals (printers, monitors, storage devices etc.).

USB

Which 3 of the following are storage devices?

USB, external hard drive, optical drive

Select 3 characteristics of a tablet computer.

Usually has a mobile operating system; Is highly mobile; Has as a touchscreen

The three factors that impact a processor's speed are clock speed, word size, and ___ .

bus width

The computer that can be found inside a programmable coffee pot is referred to as a(n) ___ computer. It has a real-time operating system.

embedded

Sold in categories such as CAT5e (enhanced) or CAT6, or CAT7 cable is commonly used for connecting devices in a network. These are commonly called _____ cables

ethernet

The machine cycle consists of which four steps?

fetch, decode, execute, and store

The actual pixel number in a monitor is called the ________ resolution.

native

gigabyte

one billion bytes of data

megabyte

one million bytes of data

kilobyte

one thousand bytes of data

IP, FTP, HTTP, and HTTPS are all acronyms that describe different

protocols

Since they are low-priced and reliable, ________ storage devices are extremely popular.

thumbdrives

Today, many computers use ________, a coding scheme that uses at least 16 bits to represent a character.

unicode

file server

used for data storage

web server

used to control access to resources on the web

Which computer component found on the motherboard (magnified in the image) is often called the brains of the computer?

CPU

Which chip and manufacturing company is the largest in the world?

Intel

1. More powerful than a server, less powerful than a supercomputer 2. Not designed to calculate huge formulas, but able to manage thousands of transactions simultaneously. 3. Often operated by businesses such as large banks or credit card companies.

Mainframe

Which three of the following are common types of servers?

Network; file; web

Which three of the following are external storage devices?

Optical (DVD) drive External hard drive Universal serial bus (USB) drive

The person in the image is installing ____ into a computer.

RAM

System BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is stored in ________.

ROM

The three factors that impact processor speed are clock speed, word size, and _____ .

bus width

The two main factors that affect the speed of the processor are clock speed and ________.

bus width

Data flows between different computer parts via ________.

buses

Data flows between different parts of the computer via _____.

buses

Eight bits combined together equal one

byte

Hard drive _________ is the amount of storage you have available to save data and information.

capacity

Clock speed, also known as ________, is the speed at which the processor performs the operations required to run a digital device and the digital device's instructions.

clock-rate

A digital device that accepts input, processes and stores the input, and provides output is a ____.

computer

Typical tablet computer or smartphone SSD capabilities are measured in ________.

gigabytes

The physical parts of a computer such as the system unit (like the tower unit shown) or a monitor are referred to as computer

hardware

A laptop typically has ________ RAM than a smartphone.

more

A computer system in a network that is shared by multiple users is called a

server

The most powerful computers, _________ , can evaluate complex data very quickly. Many of these computers in the United States are owned by the government or major research institutions and can cost $1 million dollars or more.

supercomputers

Programs and data currently being used by the processor are placed in the ___.

RAM

The speed of most modern processors is measured in _____.

gigahertz

Which of the following is fastest? Hertz Gigahertz Kilohertz Megahertz

gigahertz

The output of visual images created by a computer is known as ____.

graphics