Computer Information Systems - Exam 3

How did personal computers become so successful?

All the software was made available to everyone (word processors, spreadsheets, disk drives); Attracted businesses; First computers very expensive

Database Client Software

Allows any remote computer or network work station to access data in a database

Assembly Language

Allows programmers to use appreviated command words

2nd Generation Language

Another name for assembly language, considerable improvement over 1st generation

Relationship

Association between data that is stored in different record types

Job Search Agent

Automated program that searches one or more databases and notifies you when it finds and leads that meet your specified criteria

What are basic qualifications for IT jobs?

Bachelors degree but some accept Associates

Silicon Valley

Birthplace of integrated circuits, microprocessors, and personal computers

BI

Business Intelligence

BPR

Business Process Reengineering

What types of certifications are available?

Certificates of completion

Summary Report

Combines groups or total data

Database Index

Contains a list of keys, and each key provides a pointer to the record that contains the rest of the fields related to that key

Exception Report

Contains information that is outside the acceptable or normal ranges

Software Publishers

Create computer software including applications, operating systems, and programming languages

CRM

Customer Relationship Management

Ad Hoc Report

Customized report generated by supply specific information not available in specific reports

Data Warehouse

Data held by data mining and other analysis techniques is often stored here

Distributed Database

Database is stored on several computers or multiple networks or in different geographical locations

Information Technology

Degree program that focuses on the computer equipment and software used by businesses and computer organizations

Information Systems

Degree program typically offered by university's college of business that focuses on the business aspect

Equipment Manufacturer

Design and Manufacture computer hardware and communications products

Chipmakers

Design and manufacture chips and circuit boards

Database Server Software

Designed to manage billions of records and several hundred transactions every second

Executive Information System

Designed to provide senior managers with information relevant to strategic management activities

Graduate Degree?

Difficult to find universities that offer these, not required

Request for Proposal

Document that describes the information system problem and the requirements for solution

EDI

Electronic Data Interchage

EAI

Enterprise Application Integration

ERP

Enterprise Resource Planning

Logic Error

Error in logic or design of a program

What is the failure to constrain change?

Failure Creep

Computer Science

Focuses on computer architecture and how to program computers to make them work effectively and efficiently

Computer Engineering

Focuses on the design of computer hardware and peripheral devices, often at the chip level

Runtime Error

Happens when you run a program

Why did second generation computers use vacuum tubes instead of transistors?

Help regulate current or voltage

Decision Support System (DSS)

Helps people make decisions by directly manipulating data, analyzing data from external resources, generating statistical projections and creating data models of various scenarios

3rd Generation Language

High level language, huge improvement over the previous two

Computer Retailers

Include companies that sell computer products through retail stores, direct sales representatives, mail order catalogs, and web sites

JIT

Just in Time

1st Generation Language

Machine languages made for programming computers

MRP

Manufacturing Resource Planning

How are new computer hardware products developed?

Marketing and advancements in technology

XML

Markup language that allows field tags, data and tables to be incorporated into a web document

Scheduled Reports

Monthly summaries and exception reports, used by various levels of management

Is there opportunity for part time IT work?

Most are full time

Do you need a computer science degree to work in the computer industry?

No

Do I need to manually search every online job bank?

No, Metasearch allows you to search many at once

Cardinality

Number of associations that can exist between two record types

Decision Model

Numerical representation of realistic situation

Syntax Error

Occurs when an instruction does not follow the syntax rules

Sort Key

One or more fields used to specify where new records are inserted into a table

One to One Relationship

One record in one type is related to one record in another type

Many to Many Relationship

One record in particular record type can be related to many records in another record type and vice versa

One to Many Relationship

One record is related to many

OLAP

Online Analytical Processing, one of the most advanced analytical data methods

Sort Order

Order in which records are stored on disk

Management Information System

Second context to refer to a type of information system that uses data collected by a transaction processing system and manipulates data to create reports

Data Independence

Separating data from the programs that manipulate data

What is the outlook for computer careers?

Since 2008 most demand is for network, technical support, and security specialists

Metasearch Tool

Software program that performs broad based Web searches

Relationship Database

Stores data in a collection of related tables

Ergonomics

Study of safe and efficient environments, particularly working environments

Information Engineering Methodology

Treats an information system as a collection of objects that interact to accomplish tasks

Outsourcing

Use of components of labor from outside suppliers

Batch Processing

Used to collect and hold a group of transactions until the end of the day or period of time

How did second generation computers differ from first generation computers?

Used vacuum tubes instead of transistors

Gantt Chart

Uses bars to show the timing of development tasks as they occur over time

WBS

Work Breakdown Structure

Can you create your own management software?

Yes

Planning Phase Activities

1. Assemble project team 2. Justify project 3. Choose development methodology 4. Develop a project schedule 5. Produce a project development plan

What are advantages of working in the IT industry?

1. Employee friendly 2. Childcare 3. Flexible hours 4. Work from home

What kind of companies are included in the IT industry?

1. Equipment manufacturers 2. Chipmakers 3. Software publishers 4. Service companies 5. Computer retailers

What IT jobs can you get with Associates Degree?

1. Graphic Design 2. Networking 3. Telecommunications

Design Phase Activities

1. Identify potential solutions 2. Evaluate solutions and select best 3. Develop application specifications 4. Obtain approval to implement new system

Stages of the lifecycle of a typical hardware product...

1. Product Development 2. Product Announcement 3. Introduction 4. Maintenance 5. Retirement

Analysis Phase Activities

1. Study the current system 2. Determine system requirements 3. Write requirements report

Data Mining

Process of analyzing existing database information to discover previously unknown and potentially useful information

Structured Methodology

Processes that take place within an information system

PERT

Program Evaluation and Review Technique

Debugger

Programmers can locate a problem through reading by lines of code

Service Companies

Provide computer related services including business consulting

MIS

Purpose- Provide librarians with summary and exception reports to manage collection Users- Librarians request and analyze reports Key Characteristic- Reports how many books are checked in and out, exception reports show long-overdue books

TPS

Purpose- Tracks books, checkout dates, etc. Users- Library patrons locate books and librarians check books in and out Key Characteristic- Manages transactions as books are checked in and out

Decision Query

Question or set of instructions describing data that must be gathered to make a decision

Is certification enough to qualify for IT job?

Rarely

Online Processing

Real time method in which each transaction is processed as it is entered

TPS ___ data and MIS ___ data

Records, Conolidates (By grouping and summarizing)

Predictive Analystics

Refers to a branch of data mining that focuses on predicting future probabilities and trends

Data Dependence

Refers to data and programming modules being so tightly integrated that they become difficult to modify

Professional Ethics

Refers to on the job choices and actions that reflect a person's values; Define standards of conduct that specify how workers should behave

What are limitations of transaction processing systems?

Reporting capabilities

Request for Quotation

Request for the formal price quotation on a list of hardware and software

What is it called to work from home?

Telecommuting

Sequential Execution

The first instruction is executed first, the second and so on

Change Requests

The importance to change some specifications during the development process because changes in business needs, laws, or regulations, proposed changes with a formal request

Code

The instructions that refer to the make up of a computer program

Entity Relationship Diagram

The relationship diagram can be depicted graphically with this

Spreadsheet software usually provides...

Tools for working with flat files

TQM

Total Quality Management