Computer Information Systems - Exam 3
How did personal computers become so successful?
All the software was made available to everyone (word processors, spreadsheets, disk drives); Attracted businesses; First computers very expensive
Database Client Software
Allows any remote computer or network work station to access data in a database
Assembly Language
Allows programmers to use appreviated command words
2nd Generation Language
Another name for assembly language, considerable improvement over 1st generation
Relationship
Association between data that is stored in different record types
Job Search Agent
Automated program that searches one or more databases and notifies you when it finds and leads that meet your specified criteria
What are basic qualifications for IT jobs?
Bachelors degree but some accept Associates
Silicon Valley
Birthplace of integrated circuits, microprocessors, and personal computers
BI
Business Intelligence
BPR
Business Process Reengineering
What types of certifications are available?
Certificates of completion
Summary Report
Combines groups or total data
Database Index
Contains a list of keys, and each key provides a pointer to the record that contains the rest of the fields related to that key
Exception Report
Contains information that is outside the acceptable or normal ranges
Software Publishers
Create computer software including applications, operating systems, and programming languages
CRM
Customer Relationship Management
Ad Hoc Report
Customized report generated by supply specific information not available in specific reports
Data Warehouse
Data held by data mining and other analysis techniques is often stored here
Distributed Database
Database is stored on several computers or multiple networks or in different geographical locations
Information Technology
Degree program that focuses on the computer equipment and software used by businesses and computer organizations
Information Systems
Degree program typically offered by university's college of business that focuses on the business aspect
Equipment Manufacturer
Design and Manufacture computer hardware and communications products
Chipmakers
Design and manufacture chips and circuit boards
Database Server Software
Designed to manage billions of records and several hundred transactions every second
Executive Information System
Designed to provide senior managers with information relevant to strategic management activities
Graduate Degree?
Difficult to find universities that offer these, not required
Request for Proposal
Document that describes the information system problem and the requirements for solution
EDI
Electronic Data Interchage
EAI
Enterprise Application Integration
ERP
Enterprise Resource Planning
Logic Error
Error in logic or design of a program
What is the failure to constrain change?
Failure Creep
Computer Science
Focuses on computer architecture and how to program computers to make them work effectively and efficiently
Computer Engineering
Focuses on the design of computer hardware and peripheral devices, often at the chip level
Runtime Error
Happens when you run a program
Why did second generation computers use vacuum tubes instead of transistors?
Help regulate current or voltage
Decision Support System (DSS)
Helps people make decisions by directly manipulating data, analyzing data from external resources, generating statistical projections and creating data models of various scenarios
3rd Generation Language
High level language, huge improvement over the previous two
Computer Retailers
Include companies that sell computer products through retail stores, direct sales representatives, mail order catalogs, and web sites
JIT
Just in Time
1st Generation Language
Machine languages made for programming computers
MRP
Manufacturing Resource Planning
How are new computer hardware products developed?
Marketing and advancements in technology
XML
Markup language that allows field tags, data and tables to be incorporated into a web document
Scheduled Reports
Monthly summaries and exception reports, used by various levels of management
Is there opportunity for part time IT work?
Most are full time
Do you need a computer science degree to work in the computer industry?
No
Do I need to manually search every online job bank?
No, Metasearch allows you to search many at once
Cardinality
Number of associations that can exist between two record types
Decision Model
Numerical representation of realistic situation
Syntax Error
Occurs when an instruction does not follow the syntax rules
Sort Key
One or more fields used to specify where new records are inserted into a table
One to One Relationship
One record in one type is related to one record in another type
Many to Many Relationship
One record in particular record type can be related to many records in another record type and vice versa
One to Many Relationship
One record is related to many
OLAP
Online Analytical Processing, one of the most advanced analytical data methods
Sort Order
Order in which records are stored on disk
Management Information System
Second context to refer to a type of information system that uses data collected by a transaction processing system and manipulates data to create reports
Data Independence
Separating data from the programs that manipulate data
What is the outlook for computer careers?
Since 2008 most demand is for network, technical support, and security specialists
Metasearch Tool
Software program that performs broad based Web searches
Relationship Database
Stores data in a collection of related tables
Ergonomics
Study of safe and efficient environments, particularly working environments
Information Engineering Methodology
Treats an information system as a collection of objects that interact to accomplish tasks
Outsourcing
Use of components of labor from outside suppliers
Batch Processing
Used to collect and hold a group of transactions until the end of the day or period of time
How did second generation computers differ from first generation computers?
Used vacuum tubes instead of transistors
Gantt Chart
Uses bars to show the timing of development tasks as they occur over time
WBS
Work Breakdown Structure
Can you create your own management software?
Yes
Planning Phase Activities
1. Assemble project team 2. Justify project 3. Choose development methodology 4. Develop a project schedule 5. Produce a project development plan
What are advantages of working in the IT industry?
1. Employee friendly 2. Childcare 3. Flexible hours 4. Work from home
What kind of companies are included in the IT industry?
1. Equipment manufacturers 2. Chipmakers 3. Software publishers 4. Service companies 5. Computer retailers
What IT jobs can you get with Associates Degree?
1. Graphic Design 2. Networking 3. Telecommunications
Design Phase Activities
1. Identify potential solutions 2. Evaluate solutions and select best 3. Develop application specifications 4. Obtain approval to implement new system
Stages of the lifecycle of a typical hardware product...
1. Product Development 2. Product Announcement 3. Introduction 4. Maintenance 5. Retirement
Analysis Phase Activities
1. Study the current system 2. Determine system requirements 3. Write requirements report
Data Mining
Process of analyzing existing database information to discover previously unknown and potentially useful information
Structured Methodology
Processes that take place within an information system
PERT
Program Evaluation and Review Technique
Debugger
Programmers can locate a problem through reading by lines of code
Service Companies
Provide computer related services including business consulting
MIS
Purpose- Provide librarians with summary and exception reports to manage collection Users- Librarians request and analyze reports Key Characteristic- Reports how many books are checked in and out, exception reports show long-overdue books
TPS
Purpose- Tracks books, checkout dates, etc. Users- Library patrons locate books and librarians check books in and out Key Characteristic- Manages transactions as books are checked in and out
Decision Query
Question or set of instructions describing data that must be gathered to make a decision
Is certification enough to qualify for IT job?
Rarely
Online Processing
Real time method in which each transaction is processed as it is entered
TPS ___ data and MIS ___ data
Records, Conolidates (By grouping and summarizing)
Predictive Analystics
Refers to a branch of data mining that focuses on predicting future probabilities and trends
Data Dependence
Refers to data and programming modules being so tightly integrated that they become difficult to modify
Professional Ethics
Refers to on the job choices and actions that reflect a person's values; Define standards of conduct that specify how workers should behave
What are limitations of transaction processing systems?
Reporting capabilities
Request for Quotation
Request for the formal price quotation on a list of hardware and software
What is it called to work from home?
Telecommuting
Sequential Execution
The first instruction is executed first, the second and so on
Change Requests
The importance to change some specifications during the development process because changes in business needs, laws, or regulations, proposed changes with a formal request
Code
The instructions that refer to the make up of a computer program
Entity Relationship Diagram
The relationship diagram can be depicted graphically with this
Spreadsheet software usually provides...
Tools for working with flat files
TQM
Total Quality Management