Computer Networks and Telecoms Exam 2

name server

A nameserver is a computer that is permanently connected to the Internet and translates domain names into IP addresses (or vice versa)

RSS (Really Simple Syndication)

RSS is a family of Web feed formats used to publish often updated content such as blog entries, news headlines or podcasts. An RSS document, which is called a "feed," "web feed," or "channel," contains either a summary of content from an associated web site or the full text. RSS makes it possible for people to keep up with their favorite web sites in an automated manner that's easier than checking them manually.

Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP)

a Transport Layer protocol designed to reserve resources across a network for an integrated services Internet.

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

a connectionless transport layer protocol standard used by TCP to send short messages such as DNS requests

gateway

a device that connects two dissimilar networks. Allows networks of difference vendors to communicate by translating one vendor's protocol into another.

router

a device that connects two similar networks having the same network protocol. It also chooses the best route between two networks when there are multiple paths between them.

Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS)

a link state interior routing protocol that is commonly used in large networks. IS-IS is an ISO protocol that has been added to many TCP/IP networks

subnet

a logical subdivision of an IP network.

addressing

a method by which a computer network can identify which device sent a piece of information over the network, and which device received it

Real-Time Streaming Protoco

a network control protocol designed for use in entertainment and communications systems to control streaming media servers. The protocol is used for establishing and controlling media sessions between end points.

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

a network layer protocol standard used to supply TCP/IP address info using dynamic address assignment.

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)

a network layer standard protocol used to exchange route information between routers using dynamic decentralized routing

Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

a network layer standard protocol used to exchange route information between routers using dynamic decentralized routing.

autonomous systems

a network operated by one organization

Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP)

a network protocol for delivering audio and video over IP networks. RTP is used extensively in communication and entertainment systems that involve streaming media, such as telephony, video teleconference applications, television services and web-based push-to-talk features.

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)

a network-layer standard protocol used to exchange route info between routers using dynamic decentralized routing. Used only between different TCP/IP autonomous systems.

centralized routing

a routing model in which routing is centrally carried out using a centralized database.

subnet mask

a screen of numbers used for routing traffic within a subnet. Once a packet has arrived at an organization's gateway or connection point with its unique network number, it can be routed to its destination within the organization's internal gateways using the subnet number.

dynamic addressing

a server is designated to supply network layer address to a computer each time the computer connects to the network.

routing table

a set of rules, often viewed in table format, that is used to determine where data packets traveling over an Internet Protocol (IP) network will be directed. All IP-enabled devices, including routers and switches, use routing tables.

Internet Control Message Protocol

a simple network layer protocol standard intended to exchange limited routing information between routers. Aka, ping.

multicast message

a transmission method in which one device communicates with several devices with a single transmission. In contrast to broadcasting, a multicast message is transmitted only to the selected devices.

interior routing protocol

a type of protocol used for exchanging routing information between gateways (commonly routers) within an autonomous system (for example, LAN). This routing information can then be used to route network-layer protocols like IP.

auxiliary port

allows an admin to log via a direct, non-network connection (very uncommon connection method today)

classless addressing

also known as CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing), is a way to allocate and specify the Internet addresses used in inter-domain routing more flexibly than with the original system of Internet Protocol (IP) address classes.

Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)

an advanced distance-vector routing protocol that is used on a computer network for automating routing decisions and configuration

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

are standard transport and network protocols used today. They perform addressing, routing and segmenting.

Domain Name Service (DNS)

are the Internet's equivalent of a phone book. They maintain a directory of domain names and translate them to Internet Protocol (IP) addresses.

link state dynamic routing

computers or routers track the number of hops in the route, the speed of the circuits in each route and how busy each route is.

Access Control List (ACL)

defines what type of packets should be routed and what types of packets should be discarded

connectionless messaging

each packet is treated separately and makes its own way through the network

Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)

is a communications protocol used by hosts and adjacent routers on IPv4 networks to establish multicast group memberships. IGMP is an integral part of IP multicast.

Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP)

is a distance vector interior routing protocol (IGP) developed by Cisco. It is used by routers to exchange routing data within an autonomous system.

Cisco IOS

is a family of software used on most Cisco Systems routers and current Cisco network switches. IOS is a package of routing, switching, internetworking and telecommunications functions integrated into a multitasking operating system.

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)

is a nonprofit organization that is responsible for coordinating the maintenance and procedures of several databases related to the namespaces of the Internet

exterior routing protocol

is a protocol for exchanging routing information between two neighbor gateway hosts (each with its own router) in a network of autonomous systems.

port address

is a way to identify a specific process to which an Internet or other network message is to be forwarded when it arrives at a server. For the Transmission Control Protocol and the User Datagram Protocol, a port number is a 16-bit integer that is put in the header appended to a message unit.

network layer address

is responsible for packet forwarding including routing through intermediate routers, since it knows the address of neighboring network nodes, and it also manages quality of service, and recognizes and forwards local host domain messages to the Transport layer

broadcast message

messages that you can send to all of your subscribers, or a group of subscribers, at once. (ex. TV and radio)

designated router

most frequently used as part of an Open Shortest Path First or OSPF link-state routing protocol for IP networks.

unicast message

one computer sends a message to another computer

hop

one portion of the path between source and destination. Data packets pass through bridges, routers and gateways as they travel between source and destination.

distance vector dynamic routing

routers count the number of hops along a route.

connection-oriented messaging

sets up a TCP connection between the sender and the receiver.

application layer

specifies the shared protocols and interface methods used by hosts in a communications network

segment

the Protocol Data Unit (PDU) at the transport layer

Quality of Service (QoS)

the ability of devices to give different priories to different types of messages so that some messages are transmitted faster than others

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

the network-layer protocol standard for data link layer address resolution requests

address resolution

the process of determining the lower-layer address from a high-layer address.

static routing

the routing table is developed by the network manager and remains unchanged until the network manager updates it

data link layer address

this layer is the protocol layer that transfers data between adjacent network nodes in a wide area network (WAN) or between nodes on the same local area network (LAN) segment.

dynamic routing

to improve network performance by routing messages over the fastest possible route

segmeting

to take one outgoing message from the application layer and break it into a set of smaller segments for transmission through the network

border router

used to establish a connection between backbone networks and the OSPF areas